GRE类比反义单项笔记整理

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1、GRE类比反义单项陈琦Section 11.ascend 上升 descend 下降condescend 屈尊，傲慢transcend 超越crescendo 渐强 decrescendo 减弱orient adj.上升 v.使明确plummet v.突然下降突然系列plummet : fall swerve : turn blurt : utter dart/flit/jolt : move 突然移动gust : windcloudburst : rainflare: light implode : contract 2.laconic = succinct = pithy = terse

2、= concise 简洁的wordy = verbose = prolix = circumlocution =superfluous (多余的) = garrulous = loquacious = voluble = talkative 冗长的taciturn = reticent 沉默的circumlocution straightforwardlaconic : speech = austere : design infringe union 违反 glib 油嘴滑舌gild 粉饰flagrant = infamous 臭名昭著的fragrant = redolent 芳香的facti

3、ous 内讧faction 内讧fraction 分数infraction 违反3.diatribe = tirade = harangue 长篇抨击性演讲screed 长篇演讲 screen v.筛选discourse = address = speak = lecture 普通演讲elocution = oratory 演说术eulogy = tribute = panegyric = encomium = accolade = ode 颂词orator 演讲者rostrum 讲台serious = grave = sober = somber = staid = earnest 严肃的f

4、lirtatious = frivolous = flippant = facetious 轻浮的4.peremptory 不同反抗exempt 免除责任preempt 提前购买redemption 买回来contempt reckless = rash adj.粗心的temerity = audacity（大胆的） n.粗心的circumspection = careful meticulous fastidious = finicky = captious = carping faultfinding levy rescind circumlocutioncircumvent5.menac

5、e = browbeat = deter =daunt = cow 大胆cower = cringe = recoil = flinch 畏缩dread = fear 恐惧winnow 扬谷minnow 小鱼6.leaning = propensity = tendency = disposition = predisposition(易患病体制) = inclination = acclivity = declivity = proclivity = bent = liability(n.责任,债务) = predilection(delectable) = penchant = orien

6、tation 倾向癖好exposition deposition : erosion n.沉淀物，证据disposition 处理predisposition 易患病体制7.agitate = aggravate = exasperate = gall = inflame = nettle = provoke = peeve = pique = irritate = rile = roil 煽动，激起soothe(grate) = defuse(v.去掉引线) = allay(平息) = mollify = conciliate = propitiate = mitigate = assuag

7、e = appease = pacify = placate = calm = settle = subdue = solace 平息irritant balm = salve n.刺激物 安慰物placate implacable pacifist : dove flammable 易燃inflammable 易燃mollify 平息mollusk 软体动物emollient 润肤剂allay 平息alley 小巷alloy 合金exposition deposition : erosiondispositionpredispositiondeclaim disclaim decompose

8、 : bacteriadiscompose : calmopposition 反对opponent 反对proponent 支持者proposition 建议supposition 假设preposition 介词8.结尾系列valediction 告别辞coda = finale 尾声 : symphonyperoration 演讲结尾 : speechepilogue 戏剧结尾 : playdessert 饭后甜点 appetizer 开胃菜debut 初次登台preface(prefatory conclusive 头尾) = preamble = prologue 前言overture

9、 = prelude 前序preclude 预防allude 暗指collude 密谋 : plandelude 欺骗elude 躲避；无法理解interlude 中场休息 : concert （缺乏关系）seclude 隐退 : hermit 隐士occlude 阻塞单独系列monarch 君主 : queen/kingmonologue 独白soliloquy 独白aria = solo : opera 独唱 ( ensemble 齐唱)群系列repertoire : play 全部剧目；常备剧目school : fishflock : birdherd : cattlepack : wo

10、lfcolony : bacteriamosaic : ceramic/tile/glassmontage : imageballet : dancercast : actor/troupe (cast : actor = interview : 选演员)constellation : starchord : note 音符clientele : customerfaculty : teacherrabble : peoplehodgepodge : itemmedley : songarchipelago : islandzigzag : turnjigsaw : pieceparquetr

11、y : floor/wood = fresco : wall 镶木地板 = 壁画patchwork : clothesseparate 分离segregate 分离rabblecrowed : peoplequeuearmy : formation = number : matrix = number : array = atom : crystal9.inaugurate (: official) = induct = install = instate = constitute = crown = delegateabdicate 退位assume 承担resigndepose 免职 re

12、legate 降职tenure 任期truant = derelict (: dutiful) 逃避 n. pillar of societyabdicate : assumedictate 命令benedictionmaledictioninterdiction 相互valediction = farewell10.assiduous = sedulous = diligent= industrious 勤奋 indolentassent = consent 同意dissent 不同意accede 同意acquiesce 默许subscribe 签署，同意 = endorse 背书，同意 =

13、 cachet 印章，同意concur 同意；同时发生occurincur 招惹inter = bury disinter11.debilitate = emaciate = flag = enervate = sap(使衰弱；活力) v.衰弱 wholesomesapless = infirm = feeble = moribund = morbid = wan = pallid = anemic =blighted =effete n.衰弱invigorate = rubicund = sound = sturdy = stalwart = hale = inhale = exhale =

14、 sap salutary = sane 活力vigor = vim = vitality = strength上色系列wax : floorwane 月缺glaze : potteryvarnish : woodgildtarnish : silver = rust : irongalvanize 电镀；刺激fledge moltpolish = burnish = furbish 抛光 metal/lustrousetch : glassmoltshedslough : snakestrip = denude v.脱衣服sloughslouchpebble : landslide = dr

15、oplet : deluge = explosive : barragearmada : vehicles = fusillade : projectilesSection 21.单位系列calorie : heatdecibel : soundgallon/pint/quart : liquidlight-year : distancelumen : lightvolt : electricitywatt : poweracre : landream : papercord : woodinch 缓慢前进crawl : move/proceed 缓慢前进diminish = dwindle

16、grow = accretedrawl : speakbrawl 争吵lope : runimpede 阻值peddle 沿街叫卖pedestal 基座pedestrian 行人podium 讲台podiatrist : foottripod : cameratriotrident 三叉戟dentist denture : tooth 假牙2.easelbrush : paintercanvas : easel/painterpalette : colorlimn : linestipple : dotdaub 乱涂 daubster : painting = verse monger: po

17、emdoodlefresco : wallmural 壁画petroglyph : rockportrait : portraiture/painting portrait : person = seascape : oceanseascape caricature : distortion/exaggerationillustratorcartographer 地图绘制者3.小系列hill : mountaincreek = brook = rivulet : riverpebble : rockpeddlecavity : holegrove : woodhint = inkling :

18、suggestion/indicationnuance = nicety : distinction 小区别：区别trinket : jewelry gadget : toolfigurine : statuaryvignette : painting 小插图anecdote : amusing 趣闻 anecdote : story 短故事skit : playfoible = lapse = peccadillo : errors/offenseglitch : flawmiff = tiff = skirmish(insignificant) = spat = squabble : qu

19、arrelsip : drink/swillnibble : eat = glean : acquiremince : stride = nibble : gobble = pebble : boulderquibble : objectcabal : association 4.dirge = elegy : poem/song : sorrow/grieve 哀歌bemoan = bewail = lament = deplore(implore) 恶搞parody = ridiculespoof (a light humorous parody)travesty 恶搞testimonia

20、l = testimony = deposition 证据perjury 伪证5.impeccable = flawless = spotless = perfect 完美flaw = blemish ingenuous(ingenious 聪明) = guileless =nave =simple =artless = unsophisticated = yokel 天真纯朴guile = beguile 欺骗gullible = credulous 轻信的dupe n.容易上当的人 v.欺骗duplicity n.欺骗6.transient (interim 中间时期) = transit

21、ory = ephemeral = evanescent = fleeting 短暂的lasting = enduring = permanent = perpetual = persistent 持久7.timorous = timid = pusillanimous =trepid = gutless = spineless =nerveless = chinless adj.胆小鬼recreant = craven =coward n.胆小鬼heroic = dauntless(= dauntless) = undaunted = gallant = stouthearted = int

22、repid = bold(= embolden) = valiant = valorous = mettlesome(n. 毅力) = plucky 勇敢pluck = courage 弹拨volatile = evaporateversatile 多才多艺的capricious = whimsical resolutefickle = inconstant mercurialerratic = unpredictable 不稳定的labileproteanmetamorphous 变形 amorphous : shape 8.articulate = enunciate 清楚地说mumble

23、 = mutter = murmur = (indistinct) = slur 不清楚的说equivocate = prevaricate = palter = lie 说谎吗babble = waffle 胡乱说 sensebelabor : mention 反复说drawl : speak 慢慢说elaborate : sketchy 详细地说：粗略的parrot : original 学舌：原创pontificate : speak = strut : walk 傲慢地说：傲慢地走bluster 气势汹汹的说blurt 突然说stutter = stammer = halter 口吃d

24、rone = monotonous 单调说hiss = sibilant嘶嘶声 whisper : speak = chuckle : laughquibble = cavil v.吹毛求疵quibbler = nitpicker 吃毛求疵persecute 迫害prosecute 控告9.miser = niggard = skinflint吝啬鬼sluggard = laggard 懒鬼hoard 贮藏skimp = begrudge = miserly = tightfisted = stingy 吝啬parsimonious = penuriouspenury 贫穷perjury 伪证

25、testimonytestimonialdepositiongenerous = munificent = liberal(literal) = improvident = extravagant = dissolute = profligate = prodigal 挥霍的wastrel 败家子squander 挥霍dissipate 挥霍irresponsibility : wastrelsolvent = budget bankrupt 有偿付能力的jury 陪审团abjure = deny assertadjure = conjure 恳求10.winnow : grain/chaff

26、purify : drossfilter : impurityrefine : grain (refinery mill refined polished urbane snobbish 附庸风雅)distill distillate 蒸馏物polishadulterate = allay 掺杂adulate = flatterpure purity purist stickler : exactingmartinet : disciplinepedant : leaning = dandy : dress11.polish burnish 磨光furbish 磨光furnish供应gloss

27、 = buff 抛光glossyglossstinking = fetid = noisome = rancid 臭redolent = fragmentpiquant(褒) = zesty = pungent(贬) = acrid(贬) = tangy(褒) 刺激blandunscentedstench = malodor 臭perfume 香odorscentolfactiongestation 孕育gustation 味觉12.gripe = grumble = grouch = grouse = crab 骚扰malcontent = discontent = disaffected

28、不满affectedunaffected13.grating = piercing = raspy = strident = cacophonous 刺耳的声音dulcet = euphonious = mellifluous 悦耳的14.图案系列illumination : script 装饰性图案molding : cabinet frieze : = baseboard : wallblazon 纹章 alliterate : remove = blazon : efface 压头韵：移除=implicate 牵连explicate 解释complicateentangle = enme

29、sh 卷入involve disentangle = untangle 拆开，解决15.decipher = breakhieroglyphcodecipherencodecryptic 秘密的unmanageable = unruly = intractable = incorrigible = intransigent = refractory = recalcitrant = pertinacious = tenacious = obdurate = mulish = ossified = headstrong = wrongheaded = willful 倔强的，顽固的16.solu

30、tionsoluble 可溶的solvent 溶剂 有偿还能力insolvent 破产absolve 清白dissolve : guilt 免罪resolve 决心resolution 坚定，决心17.merchandise 商品commercial advertisement mercenary : soldier = hack : writer 佣兵hack 雇佣文人18.moldy = fusty(陈腐的) = musty 发霉的mold = mildew = fungus 霉菌bacteria = germ = microbe 微生物colony 菌群medium 培养基host :

31、parasite宿主mold = die : shape 模子moldingsterile = aseptic 无菌的pristine = cleanantiseptic = asepticsqualid = foul = filthy = frowsy = sordid = seamy 肮脏的Section 38.容器系列arsenal = armory : munitions 军需品/weapon wardrobe = closet = suitcase: clotharchive : manuscript /record /file /archivist /documentaqueduc

32、t = pipeline : watervessel = artery : blood/plaque artery : plaque = channel : siltlarder = pantry : food /provisions /comestible 食品vault : valuables 小金库tank : oil /fuelarena : gladiatorcourtroom : lawyer /judgefield : referee = courtroom : judge judge : gravel = referee : whistlepodium : conductorr

33、ostrum : oratoraviary : birdapiary : bee = ranch : stock 蜂房：蜜蜂=农场：家畜mailbox : mail = hamper : laundry 大篮子：洗的衣服greenhouse : plant = incubator : infantsoil : plant = medium : bacteriaphilatelist : stampnumismatist : coinmint : coin 铸币mint : modicum 大量：少量9.instrumentalist 乐器演奏家musician 音乐家orchestra 管乐队

34、conductor 指挥 director : actor = pilot : shipsymphony 交响乐euphony 悦耳的cacophony 难听的compose = composed = composure =self-compose 镇定perturbimperturbable 镇定discompose 使不安decompose 分解concerto 协奏曲concerted adj.齐心协力的disconcert 使不安10.plateau : change 平稳的respite : activity /laborinterim = interlude : concert 中

35、场休息fast : eat 禁绝reprieve : punishment 缓刑moratorium : activity 活动终止11.strait = plight = quandary = predicament = quagmire = swamp 困境mire extricate 陷入困境：解脱intricate adj.复杂的12. strike : medal = mint : coin 锻造：金属=铸造：硬币13.dilatory = tardy = sluggish = procrastinate = laggard墨迹、拖拉 prompt = alacrity 敏捷的15.

36、偷/偷偷的系列plagiarism : idearustle : cattlepilfer = steal : takeabscond : slink = depart : leave 偷偷离开shadow = stalk : follow 尾随，偷偷跟随intimate : communicate 暗指allude : refer 暗指smuggle : convey 偷偷运输wiretap = eavesdrop : listenpry : watchhoard = secrete : store hoard : miserlurk : waitinfiltrate : enter 偷偷进

37、入insinuate : sayplot = intrigue = collude = connive cooperate /plan 偷偷合作collaborate 合作cooperate 合作stonewall 阻碍cohabit : resident = plot : planintriguing = riveting16.politic = tactfultactless 不机智的 tactless : truthful 褒贬关系tacit 心照不宣的taciturneuphemism offendhermitreclusewithdraw(撤销) = sequester(隔离) =

38、seclude 隐退withdrawn = aloof gregarious离群的群居的 associate humanity solitudemalinger : duty28.stringent = draconian = inclement = rigorous lax (贬)lenient (褒)martinet : disciplinepuriststickler = pedant = dandyastringent : contract = pucker 收缩剂：收缩elusive = inscrutable = unfathomable 难以理解fathom 测水深opaque

39、不透明；难以理解transparent = translucent = pellucid = lucid 透明elucidate 阐明comprehend = understand = intelligible 理解intelligent 聪明的limpid 清澈的murky = turbid 浑浊的impartial = objective = disinterested = detached = impersonal = unbiased 客观的biased = factional = jaundiced = partisan 偏见的 faction 内讧zealot = bigot 有偏

40、见的人objectobjectionobjective29.interim = ephemeral = evanescent = transient = transitory 短暂的31.capitulate = compromise = yield = succumb 投降，屈从resist = oppose 抵抗constitute 建立reconstitute 重新组成32.destitute 贫困的restitute 恢复constitute reconstitute dehydrate = desiccate 脱水37.callowinchoate = incipient 不成熟的e

41、xplicit = full-blown 完全形成的full-body 有强烈气味的38.friable = fragile = brittle 易碎crumble 弄碎pulverizecrumb : bread10.truthfulveraciousfallaciousmendaciousblatantobstreperous = clamorous = vociferous = boisterous喧闹的strident = grating 刺耳的arcane = runic = mysterious11.unversed = fledgling = neophyte = novice

42、= tyro = rookie = recruit = apprentice 无经验的seasoned 有经验的13.digress (digression aside) 跑题progressregress 倒退aggressive aggressivetransgress 违反egress 出口ingress 入口excursive = discursive 跑题的cursory 草率的cursiveprecursor 先驱incursionexcursioncentrifuge 离心机fugitive 逃跑subterfuge 诡计refugee 难民 (refugee = asylum

43、= harbor = sanctuary 避难所)14.pretentious = pompous 自命不凡grandiloquent = magniloquent = bombastic浮夸的impersonate = imitate 模仿mock = mimic 嘲弄性模仿 (flout 轻视 taunt 嘲弄)mimicry 拟态mime : gesture = parody : style 哑剧：pontificate = bluster 自命不凡地说strut : wing = buttress : wall 支撑：机翼=扶墙：墙走系列：swagger : walk waddle :

44、 duck 鸭子走，摇摇摆摆的走slither : snake stride 大步走mince 小步走flounder 困难走stumble = stagger = lurch = lumber 蹒跚而行slumber 睡觉plod = slog沉重的走 cavort 轻快的走15.disaffected 不满的affected 做作的unaffected 自然的rebel = insurgent = resurgent 叛乱 (renegade 复兴)quisling = traitor = mutineer = apostate 叛徒allegiance = faith 忠诚anarchi

45、st 叛乱的人16.下降趋势系列attenuate 是变薄；减轻 force thicknessextenuate seriousnessmoderate intensityextenuate aggravatedecelerate speed accelerateenervate vigor(= vim = strength) = vitality = invigorate abate (: force /intensity /tax) = abase (: prestige /status /strength) 降低debase : value /prestige /status /agg

46、randizeblunt : sharpness /whetretrench : expense /money 缩减开支chill = cool : temperaturediscount : pricetaper : widthfade : loudnesstruncate : length abridge : lengthalleviate distressdamp : ardor /vibrationcurtail : durationshrink : sizeexpand : volumeadulterate : purity distill alloy ; purity = thin

47、 : density33.self-denial = temperate = continent = sober (somber 阴郁的)= moderate(缓和)= abstemious 有节制的，自制的ascetic = stoic = Spartan 自制的人libertine 不自制reprobate 堕落的人sybarite 酒色voluptuary 酒色之徒hedonist : pleasure = recluse: 享乐主义者：=隐士：高潮关系joke : punch line = plot : denouncement 笑话：包袱=情节：结局pun : joke = term

48、ite : insect 34.germane = material = relevant 相关的prevalent 普遍的pertinent 相关的penitent 后悔的 impenitentimmaterial = peripheral = tangent = irrelevant = extraneous 不相关的35.impugn 指责pugnacious 好斗的repugnant 令人厌恶的36.nonchalant = indifferent = impassive = apathetic (concern)= relentless (relent)= allous = ruth

49、less = inexorable (sympathy /mercy) 无情的，冷漠的Section 48.catastrophe = apostrophe = cataclysm = calamity 灾难cataract 大瀑布catalogue 目录humiliate 侮辱humility 谦虚mortify 苦恼moribund 垂死的mortal 致命的embarrass = discomfit 使尴尬prophet = oracle = sibyl = augur 预言家prescient 预言的omniscient 无所不知的prospect 前景retrospect 回顾rec

50、ollection = reminiscence 回忆nostalgia 思乡病9.sonnet 正式的诗doggerel 不正式的诗limerick 幽默色情诗burlesque 讽刺诗paean = hymn = psalm = anthem 赞美诗elegy = dirge 哀诗anthology 诗集poem = poetry =verse 诗poet 诗人meter 韵律rhyme 尾韵alliteration 头韵stanzaline10.placid = tranquil = serenity = quietude 平静的adroit = dexterous(: surgeon)

51、 = deft = agile(: acrobat) = adept 灵巧的maladroit = ungainly = gauche = ham-handed 笨拙insolent 傲慢的indolent 懒惰的redolent 芳香的handy 灵敏heavy-handed 笨拙11.deport(: country) = banish = exile = expatriate 驱逐comport 言谈举止exodus 大批离去repatriate 遣返evict = eject : tenant /dwelling 驱逐：房客expel : student /schooloust : i

52、ncumbent disbardebarkembark embark on 开始gangway : ship 跳板drawbridge : castlebow : violin = stick drumhold : hatch 舱门：船舱galley : kitchen 船上厨房：salvage abandonwreck 残骸12.maelstrom = vortex 漩涡vertex 顶点eddy 逆流ebb 退潮whirlpool 漩涡tornado : airillusion = delusion(delude 欺骗) = hallucination = visionary 幻觉perc

53、eption 知觉mirage13.decorate = embellish = furnish = garnish = embroider = adorn(adore 喜爱) = ornament装饰suborn 教唆austere = plain 简朴baroque = plush 过分装饰affect 做作 爱affectation n.做作affected 做作的affection n.爱affectionate 爱，充满感情disaffected 不满unaffected 自然的14.contortion : body 扭曲的：chagrin : mind 懊恼（脑子扭曲）grima

54、ce : face 面部扭曲blush 脸红flush 冲刷plush 豪华lush 茂盛29.inducement 刺激incentive deterrent 恐吓detergent 清洁剂deferrable 可推迟的deferential 遵从的deference = reverence 遵从distort : caricatureextort : retort : idea 反驳：tortuous directtorque : rotate endow : income = endorse : approvalendorse deprecate /oppose public /impugn 支持33.indulge(放纵ascetic) = cosse