高考英语 阅读表达解题技巧和练习

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1、阅读表达解题策略【考纲展现】该题型的测试目的是从多方位多角度考查考生通过阅读获取信息、处理信息并进行书面表达的能力。比传统的阅读理解题型更具综合性和主观性，更能体现对考生的 综合语言运用能力的考查。【真题评析】（天津卷）第一节:阅读表达（共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分）阅读下面短文,并按照题目要求用英语回答问题.Almost everybody in America will spend a part of his or her life behind a shopping cart（购物手推车）. They will, in a lifetime, push the chrome-plat

2、ed contraptions many miles. But few will knowor even think to askwho it was that invented them.Sylvan N. Goldman invented the shopping cart in 1937. At that time he was in the supermarket business. Every day he would see shoppers lugging（吃力地携带） groceries around in baskets they had to carry.One day G

3、oldman suddenly had the idea of putting baskets on wheels. The wheeled baskets would make shopping much easier for his customers, and would help to attract more business.On June 4, 1937, Goldmans first carts were ready for use in his market. He was terribly excited on the morning of that day as cust

4、omers began arriving. He couldnt wait to see them using his invention.But Goldman was disappointed. Most shoppers gave the carts a long look, but hardly anybody would give them a try.After a while, Goldman decided to ask customers why they werent using his carts. “Dont you think this arm is strong e

5、nough to carry a shopping basket?” one shopper replied.But Goldman wasnt beaten yet. He knew his carts would be a great success if only he could persuade people to give them a try. To this end, Goldman hired a group of people to push carts around his market and pretend they were shopping! Seeing thi

6、s, the real customers gradually began copying the phony（假冒的） customers.As Goldman had hoped, the carts were soon attracting larger and larger numbers of customers to his market. But not only did more people comethose who came bought more. With larger, easier-to-handle baskets, customers unconsciousl

7、y bought a greater number of items than before.Todays shopping carts are five times larger than Goldmans original model. Perhaps thats one reason Americans today spend more than five times as much money on food each year as they did before 1937before the coming of the shopping cart.1. The underlined

8、 words “chrome-plate contraptions” in Paragraph 1 refer to _.（No more than 3 words）【答案】 shopping carts【解析】词义猜测题。由上句-a part of his or her life behind a shopping cart（购物手推车）可以得出谈的是.购物手推车。2. What was the purpose of Goldmans invention? （No more than 10 words）【答案】It was to make shopping easier and attrac

9、t more business.【解析】细节理解表达。由二段的Every day he would see shoppers lugging（吃力地携带） groceries和第三段可知他做购物手推车的目的。3. Why was Goldman disappointed at first? （No more than 10 words）【答案】Because few customers used his carts.【解析】细节理解表达。由第五段可知。4. Why did Goldman hire people to push carts around his market? （No more

10、 than 10 words）【答案】 Because he wanted to promote his shopping carts.【解析】细节推理表达题。由第七段关键词-persuade people to give them a try.可知。5. What do you think of Goldman? Please give your reasons. （No more than 20 words）【答案】He was a smart businessman. He invented the shopping cart and made it accepted by custom

11、ers.Or: He was smart but he shouldnt have used tricks to attract customers.【解析】主旨大意表达题。通读全文把握大意，本文主要介绍Goldman和他的购物手推车。【专题分析】此题型与阅读理解相比，既有相同点也存在着区别。其相同点在于两者都是对语篇阅读能力的考查，考生需对文章有较好的理解。区别主要表现在以下三个方面：1. 阅读理解题目的题型是客观的，而阅读表达的题型则是主观的，这不仅需要考生将文章理解，还需要将自己对文章的理解通过自己的语言表达出来，而且要受到字数的限制。这就是说阅读理解只是要求学生将文章及题目中的信息理解

12、了，就能作对题目，而阅读表达不仅要求学生理解文章和题目而且要把文章中的信息用自己的语言表达出来，是一种信息的输出。 2. 阅读理解的文章难度较大，片幅较长，生词较多；阅读表达的文章较为简单，生词少。3. 在于阅读理解中的题型是选择题，问题类型及所考查的方式差别很大，所供选择的答案只有一项是正确的；但在阅读表达中，题型和题目的设置是比较固定的，包括：主旨概括、填空、翻译句子、同意句替换、封闭性问题、开放性问题（个人观点描述）、其他类型等七种类型，答案往往是不唯一的。这七种类型在题目设置上的考查如下：问题类型常见问题主旨概括Whats the best title of the passage?

13、What is the purpose of the writers writing this passage? Whats the main idea of the passage/article?填空Please fill in the blank in the passage with a proper sentence / proper words or phrases.翻译句子Translate the underlined sentence in the paragraph into Chinese.同意句替换Please find out the sentence in the

14、passage which can be replaced by the following one.封闭性问题Regular close-ended wh-questions based on the passage.开放性问题What would you do if you ? What other suggestions would you give? How would you settle the problem if you?其他类型每年的高考题将会从以上的七种类型中选出五类，问题的顺序也会结合问题的信息点在文章种出现的顺序进行排列。其他类型的题目属于不确定题型，是根据文章题材和体

15、裁的具体特点设计的与以上六种题型不同的问题类型。还有就是为了控制考生在该试题上所花费的时间，在每一个需要考生回答的 问题后面都有具体字数的要求（翻译句子和句子填空题除外）。【专题技巧】1、主旨概括：这类问题要求考生归纳文章的要点，了解题目，速读全文，了解大意和主题，概括中心思想，考查考生对文章内容的整体把握能力。要想答好该题，考生必须有很强的概括能力或归纳能力，标题要简洁,要善于寻找能够概括全文的主题段落或者主题句，剔除文中的细节事实或者作者所用的论据，即要分清主旨和细节，概括出来的中心意思一定要能够覆盖全文或整个段落，绝对不可太笼统离题太远或者以偏概全，可以抓住文章开头的主题句或文章最后的结

16、论，尤其要注意文章的首段的首末句，这里往往是文章的主旨所在；文中标题格式可以是完整的句子，简洁的短语，也可以用问题的形式，同时要注意字数要求。具体的表达可以先根据文章内容找出关键词，其中主要看题目的第2、3、5小题，抓住重点考查信息，再在此基础上搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，确定文章标题或者文章的main idea，把握语篇实质。 2、同意句替换：这种题型在英语中也常说被成“paraphrase”。此类型比较简单，只要对句子的意义进行正确的理解，弄透所给句子的意思，然后根据语句中的关键词，迅速找出在文中相对应的意义相同的句子即可。另外还应注意这种替换中

17、数字表达形式的变化，与主动句与被动句的边化。需要注意的是：考生在文章中准确找到原句后要将其完整的抄写在答题纸所给定的位置上，切不可只是写上第“某某”个句子（The XX sentence in paragraph XX. ）了事，这样是不能得分的！3、填空：回答此类问题时，一定首先注意弄清楚语境和上下文之间的逻辑关系，如递进、转折、并列、对比、因果等等，注意上下文，前后句的联系；然后根据上下文的含义猜测出空白处该填句子还是短语或者单词，再读上下文，看上下文是否通顺，最后确定答案。 上下文之间的关系通常有下列几种，这些关系通常通过一些连词表示出来： A同位关系（并列关系） 标志词：and, al

18、so, likewise, similarly, too, eitheror, neithernor, notbut, not onlybut also, in the same way, equally, B递进关系 标志词：then; besides; in addition; additionally; what is more; moreover, further, C对比关系（转折关系） 标志词：but, however, nevertheless, nonetheless, still, in any case, unfortunately, while, on the contr

19、ary, in contrast, by contrast, in comparison, conversely, on the other hand, D因果关系 标志词：because, since, as, for; now that, so, therefore, thus, hence, accordingly, consequently, as a result, E让步关系 标志词：although; though; even though; even if; nevertheless; despite; in spite of; F时间关系 标志词：when, while, a

20、s, after, before, since, until, as soon as, once, G条件关系 标志词：if, suppose（that）, supposing（that）, unless, in case, so（as）long as, so far, on condition（that）, provided（that）, providing（that）,without, I. 表示目的（意图） 标志词：to, in order to, so as to, so that, in order that, lest, for fear that, as, H解释与被解释关系 标

21、志词：is, that is, that is to say, means, the meaning is（that）, 4、翻译句子：本题主要考查考生理解英语语句的基本能力，是对学生综合语言知识理解和运用的考察，而且需要将其转译成汉语，因此又是对汉语表达水平的一种检测。在该类题目中要求翻译的句子往往是结果较为复杂或者包括一些特定习语的句子。因此，翻译时一定要先分析句子结构，找准句子的主干成分，然后确定一些附属的部分，如定语，状语、插入语等等，并结合文章中心思想以及上下文弄清句子所在的语境，同时还要注意英、汉两种语言及其问题特征的差异，最后在忠实于原文的基础上，可以适当应用增词、减词、词性转化

22、、语序转化等技巧把英语中的从句（定语从句及名词性从句）和较长的短语往往单独翻译，从而把画线部分的长句翻译成符合汉语表达习惯的句子。 5、封闭性问题：封闭性问题是指答案是固定或唯一的问题，一般可在文章中找到明确的答案或依据。每篇文章的作者会运用事实、分析原因或对比事物间的关系等加以论证自己的观点，本题型就是结合文中某个问题进行解答，首先要仔细地看懂问题，明确问题问的是什么，然后按照题意进行寻读，找到文中的重要事实或细节，常与what, when, where, who, which, why等有关。常见题的提问方式： What cause? What does the writer really

23、 mean by saying Why does the author mention? What are the reasons why? Which is the result of? Where in the passage does the author describe？ 6、开放性问题：是阅读表达中主观性最强的试题，解答比较容易，要根据文章提供的线索，调动自己所学的综合英语知识，结合个人的观点、经验选择较容易回答的点回答相关问题。这类题会有字数要求，回答必须完整，即怎么问，怎么答。如：要回答“which is the ”，不要只是说“The first/ second one.”要

24、把句子写完整；回答“why”的问题时最好用上“because”。常见题的提问方式： What would you do if you were？ What other suggestions would you give? How would you settle the problem if you were ? 7、其他类型：该题是结合文章的不同题材和体裁给出的除以上6种类型以外的类型的题，比如设计图表题，推理判断题等，问题的顺序也会结合问题所问的信息点在文章中出现的顺序进行排列。 还有，答题字数要求（Please answer within 10/15/20 words）：一般情况下，考

25、生回答问题所书写的英文会限制在50个以下（句子替代和句子翻译除外），以控制考生在该试题上所花费的时间；每一个需要考生用英语回答的问题在后面都有具体的字数要求。新课程标准提高了对高中生英语阅读及写作能力的要求，但在学习过程中存在的一些不利因素仍制约着学生这些能力的提高，要提高学生阅读表达能力，首先要克服影响做阅读表达题的不利因素。 解答阅读题的关键是弄清楚其考查的目的、问题的类型和掌握一定的答题技巧，并在老师的指导下进行一定量的针对性训练；尤其要注意的是平时一定要注意英语书面表达能力的提高以及书写的训练。 8、要保持书写清楚，工整；卷面整洁、干净。给阅卷老师留下一个好印象。【专题训练】（一）当今

26、社会“感恩”话题盛行，总有一些有关感恩的人和事会让我们思考良久。这篇阅读表达题会给我们一些很好的启示，让我们有深深的感悟。Our little boy came up to his mother in the kitchen one evening while she was fixing supper，and handed her a piece of paper that he had been writing on. After his mom dried her hands on an apron，she read it，and this is what it said：For cut

27、ting the grass $5. 00For cleaning up my room this week $1. 00For going to the store for you $0. 50Babysitting my kid brother while you went shopping $0. 25Taking out the garbage $1. 00For getting a good report card $5. 00For cleaning up and raking the yard $2. 00Total owed: $14. 75Well，Ill tell you，

28、his mother looked at him standing there expectantly，and boy，could I see the memories flashing through her mind. So she picked up the pen，turned over the paper hed written on，and this is what she wrote：For the nine months I carried you while you were growing inside me，No Charge. For all the nights th

29、at Ive sat up with you，doctored and prayed for you，No Charge. For all the trying times，and all the tears that youve caused through the years，theres No Charge. For all the nights that were filled with dread，and for the worries I knew were ahead，No ChargeFor the toys，food，clothes，and even wiping your

30、nose，theres No Charge，Son. When you_，the cost of my love is No Charge. Well，friends，when our son finished reading what his mother had written，there were great big old tears in his eyes，and he looked straight up at his mother and said：“Mom，I sure do love you. ”And then he took the pen and in great bi

31、g letters he wrote：“PAID IN FULL”. 1. Whats the best title of the passage? 2. Which sentence in the passage is the closest in meaning to the following one?Although you have brought me hard times and many tears in these years, you neednt pay for them. 3. Please fill in the blank in the passage with p

32、roper words or phrases to complete the sentence.（within ten words） 4. What do you learn after reading the passage? （within 30 words） 5. Translate the underlined sentence into Chinese. （二）“如果你信念坚定，你只需要坚信所发生每一个结果都对你有利。也许过一段时间之后，你就会明白了”。相信这样主题的阅读表达文章能够让学生受益匪浅。Two traveling angels stopped to spend the n

33、ight in the home of a wealthy family. The family was rude and refused to let the angels stay in the mansions guest room. Instead the angels were given a small space in the cold basement. As they made their bed on the hard floor, the older angel saw a hole in the wall and repaired it. When the younge

34、r angel asked why, the older angel replied,“Things arent always what they seem.”The next night the pair came to rest at the house of a very poor, but very hospitable farmer and his wife. After sharing what little food they had the couple let the angels sleep in their bed where they could have a good

35、 nights rest. When the sun came up the next morning the angels found the farmer and his wife in tears. Their only cow, whose milk had been their sole income, lay dead in the field. The younger angel was infuriated and asked the older angel how could you have let this happen? The first man had everyt

36、hing, yet you helped him, she accused. The second family had little but _, and you let the cow die. “Things arent always what they seem,” the older angel replied. “When we stayed in the basement of the mansion, I noticed there was gold stored in that hole in the wall. Since the owner was so obsessed

37、 with greed and unwilling to share his good fortune, I sealed the wall so he wouldnt find it. ”“Then last night as we slept in the farmers bed, the angel of death came for his wife. I gave him the cow instead. Things arent always what they seem. ”Sometimes that is exactly what happens when things do

38、nt turn out the way they should. If you have faith, you just need to trust that every outcome is always to your advantage. You just might not know it until sometime later. 1. Whats the best title of the passage? 2. Which sentence in the passage is the closest in meaning to the following one?The coup

39、le shared their little food with the two angels and then spared their bed for the two angels to rest for a good night willingly. 3. Please fill in the blank in the passage with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence.（within ten words） 4. Do you think life is equal for the two families? And

40、 why? （within 30 words） 5. Translate the underlined sentence into Chinese. （三）“年轻时就要学会省钱，这是重要的一课。所有好的习惯都开始于年青时代. . . ”对于新时代的青年人，如何面对理财，如何学会理财是值得我们深思的问题。这篇阅读表达题会从某些方面给我们以启迪. . . . Learning to save money when youre young is an important lesson. All good lessons arid habits begin early, and saving is a

41、 skill that everyone needs. Many peopleadults includeddo not have a good sense of saving for the long run. I have been lucky to learn this lesson early because I have had a grass-cutting business since I was 10 years old. Of the money I make I spend about 10 percent and save the other 90. Making sur

42、e you save and dont spend too much is a good way to build up wealth. I have put my earnings in a bank. Many teens I know spend all the money they earn so it never has a chance to grow. Young people should realize that their teenage years are a great time to begin saving. At high school many parents

43、pay for almost everything, so your expenses can be small. If you have a lob, you should have fun with some of the money. But you should also save some so that it will grow. Then you can begin planning for your future. When you spend money, you not only lose that money, but also lose the interest you

44、 could have earned by saving it. After high school, college is expensive and then real life begins, with expenses such as food and rent. If you can hold onto a good percentage of the money you earn as a teen, going to college and buying a house will be much easier. _, the more time the money has to

45、grow. If you are in your thirties without any savings, you will always have to struggle. The earlier you begin saving, the easier it is to create a nest egg. Later in life it can be hard to start saving because general costs of living are more expensive and you may only have enough to pay your bills

46、. If you want to buy a house and have a family, you need money to start with, which comes from saving. Many say money cannot make you happy, and this is true. But money can help you to lead a secure life. Saving early will mean you will have to work for fewer years when you are older. It will also a

47、llow you to spend time doing the things that you want to do. In addition to this, it will mean you can live the way you want to without worrying. 1. Whats the best title of the passage? 2. Which sentence in the passage is the closest in meaning to the following one?As long as you save early, youll d

48、o less work to live well at your old age. 3. Please fill in the blank in the passage with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence.（within 10 words） 4 According to the passage, what do you think of saving? （within 30 words） 5. Translate the underlined sentence into Chinese. （四）“如何真正处理好孩子与父母间

49、的关系”一直是我们非常关注和想了解的话题。沟通是必要的方式之一，可如何能够进行真正心灵上的沟通？我们，作为父母的，作为孩子的，都得需要思索。这篇文章会给你一定的启示. . . . I was 13 years old. My family had moved to Southern California from North Florida a year before. I hit adolescence with a vengeance. I was angry and rebellious, with little regard for anything my parents had to

50、 say, particularly if it had to do with me. Like so many teenagers, I struggled to escape from anything that didnt agree with my picture of the world. A brilliant without need of guidance kid, I rejected any overt offering of love. In fact, I got angry at the mention of the word love. One night, aft

51、er a particularly difficult day, I _, shut the door and got into bed. As I lay down in the privacy of my bed, my hands slipped under my pillow. There was an envelope. I pulled it out and on the envelope it said, To read when youre alone. Since I was alone, no one would know whether I read it or not,

52、 so I opened it. It said Mike, I know life is hard right now, I know you are frustrated and I know we dont do everything right. I also know that I love you completely and nothing you do or say will ever change that. I am here for you if you ever need to talk, and if you dont, thats okay. Just know t

53、hat no matter where you go or what you do in your life, I will always love you and be proud that you are my son. Im here for you and I love youhat will never change. Love, Mom. That was the first of several To read when youre alone letters. They were never mentioned until I was an adult. Today I tra

54、vel the world helping people. I was in Sarasota, Florida, teaching a seminar when, at the end of the day, a lady came up to me and shared the difficulty she was having with her son. We walked out to the beach, and I told her of my moms undying love and about the To read when youre alone letters. Sev

55、eral weeks later, I got a card that said she had written her first letter and left it for her son. That night as I went to bed, I put my hands under my pillow and remembered the relief I felt every time I got a letter. In the midst of my turbulent teen years, the letters were the calm assurance that

56、 I could be loved in spite of me, not because of me. Just before I fell asleep I thanked God that my mom knew what I, an angry teenager, needed. Today when the seas of life get stormy, I know that just under my pillow there is that calm assurance that love - consistent, abiding, unconditional love -

57、 changes lives. 1. Whats the best title of the passage? 2. Which sentence in the passage is the closest in meaning to the following one?I reached out my hands for the letter under the pillow that night when I went to bed, and I always felt relief with the letter under my pillow. 3. Please fill in th

58、e blank in the passage with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence.（within ten words） 4. What do you learn after reading the passage? （within 30 words） 5. Translate the underlined sentence into Chinese. （五）本文是属于夹叙夹议体裁，反映的是海洋污染的问题。希望能够从中得到警示，让我们反醒自己的行为。彻底认识到保护自然就是保护我们自己！Every year 2. 2 mill

59、ion tons of oil are spilled（ 散落，溅出 ）into the ocean. Actually, this only amounts to a small percentage of the total 1. 6 billion tons of oil shipped around the world each year. However, this spilled oil has terrible effects on ocean life, including the coastlines where the off washes up onto shore. Some of the largest spills in history were caused by oil tankers running into each other or by an oil tanker sailing into shallow water and hitting the bottom