中考必备语法　形容词

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1、中考必备语法形容词二、考点跟踪解读 1考查形容词的句法功能及其位置。2考查形容词的构成。3考查形容词的特殊语序。4考查形容词的比较等级。三、要点精讲全解（一） 形容词的用法 1. 作定语,一般放在所修饰词的前面。如： She is a pretty girl. 她是个漂亮的女孩。 The clever boy drew a beautiful picture in ten minutes. 这个聪明的男孩在十分钟画了一副漂亮的画。2. 作表语,放在系动词的后面。 He looks happy today. 今天他看起来很高兴。 Water is very important to living

2、 things. 水对生物来说非常重要。3. 作宾语补足语，放在宾语之后。 The news made me sad. 这件消息让我伤心。 I found it difficult to learn English well. 我发现学好英语很难。4. 表语形容词。这类形容词在句子中只能作表语。下面是几类典型的表语形容词。如： (1) 某些以a-开头的形容词。如：afraid 害怕的 alike 相同的 alive 活着的 asleep 睡着的 awake 醒着的 alone 单独的Most children are afraid of dogs. 许多孩子怕狗。(2) 某些表示健康的形容词。

3、如：fine 健康的 ill有病的 well身体健康的Im not feeling well today. 今天我感到身体不舒服。(3) 某些描述感觉或心情的形容词。如：glad 高兴的 pleased 高兴的 sorry 难过的upset 心烦意乱的Im glad to hear from you.很高兴收到你的来信。（4）其它表语形容词还有：sure 确信的，fond 喜欢的， ready 准备好的，worth 值得 Its sure to rain. 一定要下雨了。5. 定语形容词。所谓定语形容词即指只位于名词前作定语，即前置定语，而不用作表语的形容词下面是几类典型的定语形容词。如：（1

4、）表示强调意义的形容词：only 唯一的，very 正是You are the very person I want to see.你就是我想见的人。（2）与时间有关的形容词。daily 每日的，everyday 每日的，last刚过去的 These are my everyday shoes, not my best ones.这是我平常穿的鞋，不是最好的。（3）表示度量的复合形容词。如：three-year-old 3岁大的，120-page 120页的， five-year 5年的。She has a five-year-old son. 她有一个5岁的儿子。（二）形容词的特殊语序1.

5、表示长、宽、高、深及年龄的形容词,应放在相应的名词之后。如：How long is the river? Its about two hundred meters long. 那条河多长？大约200米长。2.形容词修饰something,anything,nothing,everything等复合不定代词时,须放在其后。I have something important to tell you. 我有重要的事情告诉你。 3.enough在句中的位置是放在名词前，形容词、副词之后。4.else只能作后置定语，修饰疑问代词what, who, whom, whose和不定代词something,

6、 anything, nothing, somebody, anybody, nobody等。5. 多个形容词修饰名词时的顺序限定词(冠词、指示代词、形容词性物主代词、数词)描绘词(大小,长短,形状,新旧,长幼,颜色) 出处材料性质类别名词。如：a small round table一张小圆桌， a tall white building一幢高大的白色建筑物，a dirty old black shirt一件又脏又旧的黑色衬衣（三）常见名词变为形容词的方法1. 名词加-y构成形容词。如：rain rainy, winwindy, cloudcloudy, snow snowy , sun su

7、nny, luck lucky, noisenoisy, healthhealthy2. 名词加-ful构成形容词，表示肯定。如：use useful, helphelpful, forgetforgetful, beautybeautiful, care careful, wonderwonderful, color colorful, thankthankful 3. 名词加-ly构成形容词。如：friend friendly, lovelovely, livelively, daydaily4. 名词加-en构成形容词。如：woolwoolen, woodwooden , goldgol

8、den5. 名词加-less构成形容词，表示否定。如：useuseless, carecareless, harm harmless, helphelpless6. 在某些以元音结尾的名词后加-n构成形容词。例如：AsiaAsian, AmericaAmerican, AustraliaAustralian（四）形容词的比较等级1.比较等级的构成（1）规则变化分类情况例词单音节形容词和少数双音节词一般情况在词尾加-er或-est.short-shorter-shortestlong-longer-longest以e结尾的词加-r,-stbrave-braver-bravestnice-nice

9、r-nicest以“辅音+y”结尾的词,变y为i，再加加-er或-est.busy-busier-busiestlazy-lazier-laziest以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母, 双写该辅音字母，再加加-er或-est.hot-hotter-hottestthin-thinner-thinnest多音节词和部分双音节词原级前加more和mostbeautiful-more beautiful-most beautiful规则形容词的比较级和最高级的发音规律如下：一般情况下-er, -est分别读作/, / /Ist/。如：tall- taller /5tC:l/ tallest/5

10、tC:lIst /.如果形容词的原级的词尾为不发音的-r，加-er, -est后要发/r/。如：clever-cleverer/5klevr/- cleverest/5klevrIst /以ng结尾的形容词，加-er, -est后，读音/N/由变为/N/。如：young- younger/ 5jQN/- youngest / 5jQNIst/。（2）不规则变化原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbest many/ much moremostbad/ ill worseworstlittlelessleastfarfarther（较远的）further（进一步）farther （最远

11、的）further（最大程度的）oldolder（年纪较大的）elder（较年长的）oldest（年纪最大的）eldest （最年长的）注意：farther/farthest和further/furthest的比较farther和farthest表示实际的距离。further/furthest可用于指抽象意义，表示“进一步的，更深入的”。如：further study进一步研究，furthest study最深入的研究。older/oldest和elder/eldest的比较elder/eldest主要用来表示家庭成员之间的长幼关系，在句中常用作定语。如：my elder brother我的哥

12、哥 his eldest son他的长子。在有than的比较句中一般不用elder,要用older.如：I am two years older than Tom.我比汤姆大两岁。（五）形容词比较等级的用法1. 原级的用法原级也就是形容词的原形，只能修饰原级的词有very, quite, so, too, enough等。如：He is too tired to walk on.他太累了以至于不能再继续走了。原级常用的句型结构：（1）表示前者与后者在某方面程度相同时： be as形容词原级as， 如：Tom is as old as Kate.汤姆和凯特年龄一样大。（2）表示前者在某方面不如后

13、者时： benotas/so+形容词原级as，如：This room is not as/so big as that one. 这个房间不如那个大。（3）表示A是B的几倍时：be+倍数 as +形容词的原级+as，如：This room is three times as big as that one.这个房间是那个房间的三倍。（4）the sameas句型表示原级比较，在这个句型中the same后面只能接名词。如：I am the same age as you.我和你一样大。2. 比较级的用法比较级用于两者之间进行比较，可以修饰比较级的词有much , far（的多），even （甚

14、至），still（仍然）。如：Lesson One is much easier than Lesson Two. 第一课比第二课容易得多。Tom looks even younger than before.汤姆甚至比以前更年轻。比较级常用的句型结构（1）比较级的最基本句式是：be形容词比较级+than。如，Tom is taller than Kate.汤姆比凯特高。（2）表示“甲比同一范围的任何一个人/物都“，含义是 “甲最” 时：be+形容词比较级+than any other+单数名词。如：“长江是中国最长的河流。”的几种翻译法：The Changjiang River is lon

15、ger than any other river in China.The Changjiang River is longer than any of the other rivers in China.The Changjiang River is longer than the other rivers in China. The Changjiang River is the longest river in China. 注意：The Changjiang River is longer than any river in Japan.长江比日本的任何一条河都长。（3）“表示“甲是两

16、者中较的”时：be+the+形容词比较级+of the two+。如：Look at the two boys. My brother is the taller of the two.看那两个男孩，我弟弟是两个当中较高的那个。（4）“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越”。如：He is getting taller and taller.他变得越来越高了。The flowers are more and more beautiful.花儿越来越漂亮。（5）“the+比较级，the+比较级”表示“越，越”。前句表示条件，后句表示结果，可以转换为含if引导的条件状语从句的复合句。如：The m

17、ore careful you are，the fewer mistakes youll make.你越认真，犯的错误越少。If you are more careful, you will make less mistakes.（6）“特殊疑问词+be+形容词比较级，A or B？”。如： Which is bigger，the earth or the moon？哪一个大，地球还是月球？ （7）为了避免重复，在从句中常用the one, the ones, that, those等词来代替前面出现的名词，其中the one代替可数名词的单数，the ones 或those代替可数名词复数，

18、that代替不可数名词。如：There are more students in our class than those in your class.在我们班里的学生比你们班多。The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Shanghai in winter.在冬天北京要比上海冷。3.最高级的用法三者或三者以上进行比较形用容词的最高级。形容词最高级前必须加the，句末常跟一个表示范围的短语，in+地点，表示环境范围；of/among同类，表示对象范围，of/ among后的名词与主语是同一概念范畴的。最高级的常见句式有：（1）be+the+形容

19、词最高级+in/of短语。如：Tom is the tallest in his class./of all the students.汤姆是他们班上/所有学生当中最高的。This apple is the biggest of the five.这个苹果是五个当中最大的。（2）表示“最之一”时用： one of the+形容词最高级+复数名词+in/of短语。如：Beijing is one of the largest cities in China.北京是中国最大城市之一。（3）用于三者以上的比较还可用：特殊疑问词+be+the+最高级，A, B or C？如：Which country

20、 is the largest，China，Brazil or Canada？哪一个国家最大，中国，巴西还是加拿大？四、思维误区警示(一) 考查形容词的用法【例题解析】1.（河北）She told us a story. Her voice sounded_ . A. sweet B. small C. clearly D. sadly答案：Asound 为连系动词,后面应接形容词作表语,故首先应排除CD两项,而选项B与题意不符。2 （北京市）Health is very important to us. We should eat more vegetables and fruit inst

21、ead of _rich food. A. too much B. much too C. very much 答案：A。分析题干逻辑结构和语义可知,空白处应填表示“太多的”意思的词语 too much,修饰不可数名词 food。 【易错知识点解析】形容词在句中可作定语、表语、宾语补足语。作定语时，常放在所修饰的名词之前；形容词作表语，常位于be, become, smell, seem, look, get, feel, turn, grow等系动词之后。(二) 考查形容词的比较等级【例题解析】1.（南京）Well try our best to do the work with_money

22、 and_people.A. few; little B. a few; a littleC. less; fewer D. fewer; less答案：C。该题题干的意思应为“我们将努力花较少的钱,用较少的人把工作做好”而修饰不可数名词 money 和可数名词复数 people 的形容词均应使用比较级因此,空白处应分别填 less 和 fewer2.（长沙）Look at that red car! I think its _in the world. A. more beautiful B. so beautiful C. the most beautiful 答案：C该题题干的第二句的意

23、思应为“那辆红色小汽车是世界上最漂亮的”, in the world表示比较范围,空白处应填形容词最高级形式。【易错知识点解析】原级标志词： very, rather, quite, too, so, more, much too。这些副词是原级的常见标志词；as . as, not as / so . as。在这两个短语中间的形容词用原级。比较级标志词： than。than的后面无论接什么词，其前面的形容词总要用比较级形式；much, far, even, still可用来修饰形容词的比较级，表示程度；or。在选择疑问句中，如果有两者供选择，前面的形容词或副词要用比较级形式；of the t

24、wo。含有of the two这个介词短语时，必须用比较级，且比较级前须加the；The ., the .。此句型表示“越，越”，要用形容词或副词的比较级。最高级标志词： in / of / among。它们在句中表示范围时，要用形容词或副词的最高级形式； or。在选择疑问句中，如果有三者或三者以上供选择且有or连接时，前面的形容词或副词要用最高级； one of the + . + 复数名词。表示“(在众多当中)最之一”的意思，这是形容词最高级中常见的句型。（三） 考查表示比较级程度的修饰语【例题解析】1.（陕西）This year our school is_than it was las

25、t year. A. much more beautiful B. much beautiful C. the most beautiful D. beautiful 答案：A。该题题干中的连词 than 暗示空白处应填形容词的比较级 more beautiful, 而形容词的比较级可以用程度副词 much 修饰 2.（佛山） “Please dont be angry with me, ” said Amy. This made me even_ . A. angry B. angrier C. angriest D. angrily 答案：B。析:根据题干的逻辑结构和程度副词 even 的

26、使用,空白处应填形容词的比较级形式。【易错知识点解析】形容词的比较级可以被表示程度的副词或短语修饰这些表示程度的修饰语主要有 even, still, far, much, a lot, a bit, a little等（四）考查含形容词原级或比较级的常用句式 【例题解析】1.（哈尔滨） Mount Qomolangma, “the roof of the world”, is as_as 8844.43 meters. A. high B. higher C. highest答案：A。:“.as. as + 数词 + 名词(复数)”句式中间应为形容词原级2.（福州）The classroom

27、 is_clean_it was yesterday. Sorry. I forgot to clean it. A. as; as B. so; as C. not so; as D. more; than答案：C。:由题干应答语的意思可以推知题干第一句中的空白处应填表示“没有干净”意思的“not so. as”结构3.（山东）Tom is six and he is_his sister Jane. How old is Jane? Three. A. twice as old as B. two years older than C. three years younger than D

28、. as old as答案：A。该题题干显示,汤姆6岁,简3岁,因此空白处应填表示“两倍大”意思的词语 twice as old as4.（佳木斯市）_exercise you take,_you will feel. A. Much; healthy B. The more; the healthier C. More; healthier 答案：B。该题题干的意思应为“你从事的锻炼越多，你就感到越健康”，应用 “the + 比较级， the + 比较级”句式。 【易错知识点解析】as. as(否定式为 not as/so. as)表示同级比较,意为“和一样”，它可以演变为下列句式:“.as

29、. as + 数词 + 名词(复数)”意为“达”， “x times as. as.”意为“是x倍”; “as. as you can/as. as possible”意为“尽可能”含形容词比较级的常用句式有： “the + 比较级, the + 比较级”,意为“越越”,前半句表示条件,后半句表示结果 （五）考查修饰复合不定代词时的形容词的位置 【例题解析】 1. （哈尔滨）What are you going to give your mother for her birthday? Im not sure. But Ill buy her_ . A. something special B

30、. anything special C. special something答案：A。分析语境可知,空白处应填表示“一些特别的东西”意思的词语,又因形容词修饰复合不定代词时应放在其后 2. （甘肃）Have you got my e-mail today? Oh, theres_with my computer. It doesnt work. A. something wrong B. anything wrong C. nothing wrong D. everything wrong 答案：A。分析语境可以，电脑出了毛病，用不定代词something, 形容词修饰不定代词应后置。【易错

31、知识点解析】修饰something, anything, nothing,everything等复合不定代词的形容词应放在它们的后面【中考演练】I.根据句意和词首字母完成句中所缺的形容词。1. China is f_ for the Great Wall.2. He often takes an a_ part in the sports meeting and he can get very good results each time.3. Jiefang Road is the b_ street in our city.4. I like ball games very much, b

32、ut my f_ sport is playing basketball.5. The boy is too l_ . He doesnt want to do anything.6. The dictionary is very u_ . It will help you a lot.7. I feel p _when I see the national flag of China.8. You must eat lots of h _food, like eggs, bananas and tomatoes. 9. My lifestyle is d _from yours. 10. L

33、inda always feels n _when she speaks in front of class. II用所给形容词的适当形式填空。1. Which is the _ (far) of the three places?2. The baby panda is quite _( interesting ). 3. This dictionary is _ ( good )than that one .4. The Changjiang River is one of _ (long) rivers in the world .5. The weather is _(hot )tod

34、ay than it was yesterday. 6. Guangzhou is very _in winter, but Beijing is even _ .(cold )7. Shes _ (old ) of the two . 8. Which is _(exciting) of all the stories?9. Which is _(big), the sun or the moon ?10. Which is city is _ (beautiful), Xian , Beijing or Nanjing ?III. 将下面句子改为同义句。1. The stone is so

35、 heavy that I cant lift it up. The stone is _heavy for me _lift up.2. Jim likes football better than volleyball. Jim _football_volleyball.3. Tina is the cleverest girl in her class. Tina is cleverer than _ _girl in her class.4. The boy is so old that he can go to school. The boy is _ _to go to schoo

36、l.5. Tina is more popular than Tina. Kate isnt popular Tina. IV. 用所给形容词的适当形式填空。London is an important city in England. London was once the biggest city in the world, but now there are many cities which are much 1 (big) than it. London has population of 7,000,000 now. It is an 2 (older) city and is f

37、amous for many things. Many tourists come from all over the world to visit its famous buildings and hear the 3 (famous) clock Big Ben. London has problems with traffic and pollution. Over one million people use the London underground every day, but there are still too 4 (much) cars in the street. Th

38、e air isnt clean, but it is 5 (clean) than it was 100 years ago.Perhaps the 6 (good) things about London are the marks. There are five in the center of the city. But for the children, their favorite place is Hamlets, the biggest toyshop in the world. They can buy good toys there.第七章 形容词I. 1. famous

39、2. active 3. busiest 4. favourite 5. lazy 6. useful 7. proud 8. healthy 9. different 10. nervous II. 1. farthest 2. interesting 3. better 4. the longest 5. hotter 6. cold, colder 7. the older 8. the most exciting 9. bigger 10. the most beautiful III. 1. too, to 2. prefers, to 3. any other 4. old enough 5.as/so, as IV. 1. bigger 2. old 3. famous 4.many 5. cleaner 6. best 8