浦东新王牌春季小班高二英语情态动词

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1、-Presentation (1) 情态动词、动词时态、主谓一致& 第一节情态动词一、动词的分类动词是英语中最重要的词类之一。它是表示动作和状态的词。动词有时态、语态和语气三种形式的变化。从含义上分，动词可分为以下几类：类别特点行为动词及物动词(vt.)其后可以直接接宾语，可以有被动语态形式。不及物动词(vi.)其后不能直接接宾语，没有被动语态形式。连系动词(link.v.)其后接名词、形容词、介词短语等作表语。助动词(au*.v.)帮助动词构成不同时态的疑问句和否认句。情态动词(mod.v.)其后接动词原形，表示说话者的态度。二、情态动词的根本用法can和could的用法表示能力表示客观可能

2、性 Anybody can make mistakes.任何人都可能犯错误。表示许可多用于口语表示请求表示惊异、疑心、不相信主要用于否认句、疑问句或感慨句 This cant be done by him. Hes a kind person.这不可能是他做的，他是个仁慈的人。may和might的用法表示允许、请求may表示可能性，主要用于陈述句，表示肯定或否认，疑问句用can代替 The story may not be true.这故事可能不是真的。may表示祝愿，表示祝愿时不用might May you succeed!祝你成功！must、have to和ought to的用法must表

3、示“必须、“应该，强调主观看法，只有现在时形式，它的否认式是must not / mustnt。以must开头的问句，其否认答复要用neednt或dont have to代替must还可表示必然的结果 All men must die.人固有一死。have to着重客观需要，能用于过去时或将来时等更多时态ought to表示义务和责任，比should语气要强 Such things ought not to be allowed to happen again.这样的事不允许再发生。need和dare的用法need表示“需要、“必要，只能用于否认句和疑问句中。在肯定句中，常用must和have

4、 to代替dare表示“敢常用于否认句，疑问句和条件状语从句中 I dare not do it. / I dont dare to do it.我不敢做这件事。will和would的用法表示请求、建议，通常用于第二人称will表示意愿、决定、允诺表示过去的习惯性动作或*种倾向，通常用于第三人称 Fish will die out of water.鱼离开水就不能活。 He would sit like that for hours.他过去总是那样坐上几个小时。shall和should的用法shall在问句中表示征求对方意见或请求，通常用于第一、三人称shall表示说话人的允诺、警告、决定、命

5、令或威胁，通常用于第二、三人称 Tell her she shall have the book tomorrow.告诉她明天可以得到那本书。shall表示决定或决心，通常用于第一人称 That was a moment that I shall never forget.那个时刻我永远不会忘记。should表示劝告、建议、命令，与ought to同义三、情态动词的特殊用法表示推测肯定句must (一定), may / might (可能), would (大概), should / ought to (应该)否认句can / could not (一定不), may / might not

6、(可能不)疑问句can / could (可能)表示对现在状态的推测. z- He must be at home.他一定在家。 He cant be at home.表示对现在动作的推测 You mother might be waiting for you at home.你妈妈可能在家等你。 Can they be playing football while it is raining?他们可能在下雨时踢足球吗.表示对过去的推测“must / may / might / couldhave过去分词常用来表示对过去事情的推测 It may have rained last night.昨

7、晚可能下了雨。在否认句和疑问句中，常用“can / couldhave过去分词表示对过去事情的推测 The door was locked. He cant have been at home门是锁着的，他不可能在家。表示对将来的推测由“must / may / might / can / could / ought to动词原形表示对将来情况的推测，常与表示将来的时间状语连用或用在一定的上下文中 She must arrive before five.五点前她准到。表示责备和批评表示“本该做而实际上未做 You should / ought to have been here five mi

8、nutes ago.你本来应该五分钟以前就到这儿的但实际你未做到。表示“本不该做而实际上做了 You neednt have waited for me.你本不必等我的但实际上等了。. z-& 第二节动词时态一、时态形式二、现在完成进展时句式：I have been doing 表示发生在过去一直持续到现在的动作，常与延续性动词连用。该动作可能刚停顿，可能仍继续进展下去 Tom has been working hard since the new term began.汤姆自从新学期伊始就一直很努力。 I have been fi*ing the bike for three hours.我

9、修自行车已经修了三小时了。和其他进展时态一样，可以带有感情色彩 You know, you parents really have been making things terribly difficult for your child.你要知道，你们做父母的也真是太难为孩子了。 Who has been telling you things like that?谁和你说的这些胡话. *些不能用于进展时的动词同样也不能用于现在完成进展时，例如see，hear，know类的词& 第三节主谓一致一、 主谓一致三原则语法一致原则一般来说，语法形式是单数的主语，谓语动词用单数形式；语法形式是复数的主语

10、，谓语动词用复数形式： His father is a doctor.他的父亲是位医生。 We love our motherland.我们热爱我们的祖国。意义一致原则主谓一致中的意义一致不是根据其外部语法形态来决定，而是取决于主语所表达的内在含义。主语形式虽为单数，但在意义上却为复数，谓语动词应采取复数形式。主语形式上虽为复数，但在意义上却为单数，谓语从此应采取单数形式： Twenty dollars is too dear.二十美元太贵了。 His family are watching TV.他全家人正在看电视。就近原则谓语动词根据它前面最邻近的名词或代词或其他词的数的形式来决定其自身的

11、数的形式： Either you or I am going to work there.不是你就是我将去那里工作。 Neither you nor your brother has passed the e*am.你和你弟弟考试都没有及格。二、 主谓一致的特殊情况 两个作主语用的名词或代词由either or, neither nor, or, not only but (also)连接时，谓语动词应与后一个主语的人称和数一致 Either he or I am wrong.不是他错了就是我错了。 Tom or his brothers are waiting in the room.汤姆或

12、他的哥哥们正在房间里等候着。 主语是单数而后面跟有but, rather than, as well as, with, together with, like, along with, no less than, as much as, including, in addition to, besides, but, e*cept等引起的短语时，谓语仍用单数 Nobody but us knows it.除了我们，没人知道。 She as well as the other students has learned how to type.她和其他学生一样，也学会了如何打字。 Our sch

13、ool, with some other schools, was built in the 1950s.我们学校和其他几所学校建立于二十世纪五十年代。each, either, neither或由some, any, no, every构成的合成代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数 Each of us has read the book.我们每个人都已经看过这本了。 Neither of them is interested in English.他们两人对英语都不感兴趣。 表示数目、时间、金额、距离、路程、书名、国名、报刊名称等的名词复数作主语时，谓语动词用单数 Two hours is eno

14、ugh for us to finish the e*periment.两个小时足够我们做完这项实验。 The New York Times is an American daily newspaper published in New York City.?纽约时报?是一份在美国纽约出版的日报。 一个或两个以上的并列主语由and连接时，如果表示不同概念，谓语动词用复数；如果表示同一概念，谓语动词要用单数。后一种情况只在第一个名词前加修饰语 The singer and the dancer e from China.这位歌手和这位舞员来自中国。 The singer and dancer e

15、s from China.这位歌舞演员来自中国。people, police, cattle等作主语时，谓语动词用复数 The cattle are grazing near the river.牛在河边吃草。 The police are searching for the murderer.警察正在搜寻杀人犯。 不定代词each, every, no所修饰的单数可数名词即使以and或逗号连接成多个并列主语，谓语动词仍用单数 Each boy and each girl wants to serve the people in the future.每个男孩和每个女孩都想将来为人民效劳。 N

16、o boy and no girl likes him in his class.他们班上的男孩和女孩都不喜欢他。 “there be并列主语和“here be并列主语构造中的谓语形式一般应与并列主语中的第一个主语的数一致 There is a pen and two books on the desk.桌上有一支钢笔和两本书。 There are two books and a pen on the desk.桌上有两本书和一支钢笔。 “the形容词过去分词这一表示一类人的构造作主语时，谓语动词用复数。这种构造表示物时，谓语动词用单数 The young are required to re

17、spect the old.年轻人应该尊敬老人。 The good in him outweighs the bad.他身上的优点多过缺点。 在“one of复数名词who / that / which定语从句中，当关系代词作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词与靠近的复数名词的数一致而不是与one一致，从句的动词用复数。但是当one之前有the(only)修饰，从句的动词用单数 This is one of the most interesting questions that have been asked.这是被问到的最有趣的问题之一。 She was the only one of the gi

18、rls who was late for the meeting.她是那些女孩中惟一一个开会迟到的。 glasses, trousers, clothes, shoes, chopsticks, scissors等作主语，谓语用复数。但如果名词前带有kindof, piece of, pair of, sort of, type of等修饰时，谓语视kind, piece, pair, sort, type等的数来定 His trousers are worn out.他的裤子破了。 A pair of shoes was in the bo*.这个盒子里有一双鞋。few, a few, fe

19、w of, a few of, both, both of, both and, many, scores of, dozens of, a great many, agood many等构造通常修饰复数名词或代词，它们作主语，谓语用复数动词 Few of them have passed the e*am.他们之中很少有人通过这次考试。 A good many students have tried.很多学生都试过。little, a bit of, a little, much, a good / great deal of, an amount of等通常修饰不可数名词，它们作主语，谓语

20、动词用单数形式 Much homework has to be done this afternoon.今天下午有许多家庭作业要做。 A great deal of money was wasted on the project.在这项工程上浪费了大量的钱。表示数量的number, amount, quantity等的主谓一致情况见下表主语谓语The number of名词单数形式A number of名词复数形式The amount of不可数名词单数形式A quantity of复数名词复数形式A quantity of不可数名词单数形式Quantities of复数名词不可数名词复数形式

21、The quantity of复数名词不可数名词单数形式 The number of students in our school is 4,380.我校学生数为4380人。 A number of students like playing football.许多学生喜欢踢足球。Focused Practice A - 情态动词、动词时态、主谓一致& 情态动词01. It _ be Mary, because she has gone abroad.A. mustntB. cantC. shouldntD. neednt02. Smart persons sometimes _ make s

22、illy mistakes.A. canB. mustC. mayD. should03. Liza _ well not want to go on the trip she hates traveling.A. willB. canC. mustD. may04. You _ be hungry already you had lunch only two hours ago!A. wouldntB. cantC. mustntD. neednt05. What a pity! Considering his ability and e*perience, he _ better.A. n

23、eed have doneB. must have doneC. can have doneD. might have done06. A: Im sorry. I _ at you the other day.B: Forget it. I was a bit out of control myself.A. shouldnt shoutB. shouldnt have shoutedC. mustnt shoutD. mustnt have shouted07. The weather turned out to be fine yesterday. I _ the trouble to

24、carry my umbrellawith me.A. should have takenB. could have takenC. neednt have takenD. mustnt have taken& 动词时态08. A: Your job _ open for your return.B: Thanks.A. will be keptB. will keepC. had keptD. had been kept09. If the weather had been better, we could have had a piic. But it _ all day.A. raine

25、dB. rainsC. has rainedD. is raining10. The hotel wasnt particularly good, but I _ in many worse hotels.A. was stayingB. stayedC. would stayD. had stayed11. A: Did you watch the basketball match yesterday?B: Yes, I did. You know, my brother _ in the match.A. is playingB. was playingC. has playedD. ha

26、d played12. John, a friend of mine, who got married only last week, spent $3,000 more than he _for the wedding.A. had plannedB. has plannedC. would planD. will plan13. We first met on a train in 2000. We both felt immediately that we _ each other foryears.A. knewB. have knownC. had knownD. know14. A

27、: Have you got any job offers?B: No, I _.A. waitedB. had been waitingC. have waitedD. am waiting15. A: Are you still busy?B: Yes, I _ my work, and it wont take long.A. just finishB. am just finishingC. have just finishedD. am just going to finish16. By the time Jane gets home, her aunt _ for London

28、to attend a meeting.A. will leaveB. leavesC. will have leftD. left& 主谓一致17. Nobody but you _ what he said.A. agrees withB. agrees outC. agree withD. agree to18. In the ing summer holidays, my family _ going to take a one-week trip toQingdao.A. isB. areC. wasD. were19.Class 3 _ winners in this sports

29、 meeting.A. isB. areC. wasD. there is20. Tigers and cats _ the same family of beasts.A. belongB. belongs toC. belong toD. belongs21. _ of the money _ been used up.A. Two-third / hasB. Two-thirds / hasC. Two-third / haveD. Two-thirds / have22. Not only he but also his students _ interested in the sub

30、ject.A. isB. wasC. areD. do23. A: Whats on the desk, Tom?B: There _ a little water in the glass and lots _ books.A. are / forB. is / ofC. are / ofD. is / 不填24. Five years _ a long time to wait for an answer.A. amB. isC. areD. be25. The Selected Poems of Li Bai _ published long ago.A. isB. areC. were

31、D. wasFocused Practice B - 情态动词、动词时态、主谓一致& 情态动词01. According to the air traffic rules, you _ switch off your mobile phone boarding.A. mayB. canC. wouldD. should02. John promised his doctor he _ not smoke and he has never smoked ever since.A. mightB. shouldC. couldD. would03. Children under 12 years

32、of age in that country _ be under adult supervision when in apublic library.A. mustB. mayC. canD. need04. A: Must he e to sign this paper himself?B: Yes, he _.A. needB. mustC. mayD. will05. It _ be Mary, because she has gone abroad.A. mustntB. cantC. shouldntD. neednt06. Smart persons sometimes _ ma

33、ke silly mistakes.A. canB. mustC. mayD. should07. You _ be hungry already you had lunch only two hours ago!A. wouldntB. cantC. mustntD. neednt08. What a pity! Considering his ability and e*perience, he _ better.A. need have doneB. must have doneC. can have doneD. might have done09. A: Im sorry. I _

34、at you the other day.B: Forget it. I was a bit out of control myself.A. shouldnt shoutB. shouldnt have shoutedC. mustnt shoutD. mustnt have shouted10. The weather turned out to be fine yesterday. I _ the trouble to carry my umbrellawith me.A. should have takenB. could have takenC. neednt have takenD

35、. mustnt have taken& 动词时态11. A: Have you known Dr. Jackson for a long time?B: Yes, since he _ the Chinese Society.A. has joinedB. joinsC. had joinedD. joined12. If their marketing plans succeed, they _ their sales by 20 percent.A. will increaseB. have been increasingC. have increasedD. would be incr

36、easing13. I dont believe youve already finished reading the book I _ it to you this morning!A. wouldB. was lendingC. had lentD. lent14. A: Have you read a book called Waiting for Anya?B: Who _ it?A. writesB. has writtenC. wroteD. had written15. He _ football regularly for many years when he was youn

37、g.A. was playingB. playedC. has playedD. had played16. A: Your job _ open for your return.B: Thanks.A. will be keptB. will keepC. had keptD. had been kept17. The hotel wasnt particularly good, but I _ in many worse hotels.A. was stayingB. stayedC. would stayD. had stayed18. A: Did you watch the bask

38、etball match yesterday?B: Yes, I did. You know, my brother _ in the match.A. is playingB. was playingC. has playedD. had played19. John, a friend of mine, who got married only last week, spent $3,000 more than he _for the wedding.A. had plannedB. has plannedC. would planD. will plan20. By the time J

39、ane gets home, her aunt _ for London to attend a meeting.A. will leaveB. leavesC. will have leftD. left& 主谓一致21. There _ a number of animals in the zoo. The number of them _ twothousand.A. is / areB. are / isC. is / isD. are / are22. A: A number of students _ in the dinning hall.B: Let me count. The

40、 number of the students _ about 400.A. are / isB. is / areC. are / areD. is / is23. A: Whats on the desk, Tom?B: There _ a little water in the glass and lots _ books.A. are / forB. is / ofC. are / ofD. is / 不填24. Five years _ a long time to wait for an answer.A. amB. isC. areD. be25. The Selected Po

41、ems of Li Bai _ published long ago.A. isB. areC. wereD. was26. Either Mary or he _ going to Paris. Only one person may go there.A. areB. isC. wasD. can27.Now the students each _ an English-Chinese dictionary.A. hasB. haveC. is havingD. are having28. Dad, the phone is ringing. I guess either you or M

42、um _ on the phone.A. is wantedB. are wantedC. wantsD. wantPresentation (2) A - 情态动词、动词时态、主谓一致综合测试Presentation (2) B - 情态动词、动词时态、主谓一致综合测试Home Assignment - 情态动词、动词时态、主谓一致& 单项选择01. A: Im getting fatter and fatter.B: You _ too much junk food.A. cant have eatenB. shouldnt have eatenC. mustnt have eatenD.

43、 neednt have eaten02. A: Sorry, I want to interrupt you for a moment, Mr. Li.B: Oh, if you _.A. canB. shouldC. mustD. ought to03. A: What do you think we can do for our aged parents?B: You _ do anything e*cept to be with them and be yourself.A. oughtnt toB. mustntC. dont have toD. need to04. Mum, yo

44、u _ have woken me up so early today, for its Sunday.A. couldntB. needntC. shouldntD. wouldnt05. He _ have pleted his work; otherwise, he wouldnt be enjoying himself by the seaside.A. shouldB. mustC. wouldntD. cant06. A: Ive taken someones green sweater by mistake.B: It _ Harrys. He always wears gree

45、n.A. has to beB. will beC. mustnt beD. could be07. A: The woman biologist stayed in Africa studying wild animals for 13 years before she returned.B: Oh, dear! She _ a lot of difficulties!A. may go throughB. might go throughC. ought to have gone throughD. must have gone through08. A: Mr. Gordon asked

46、 me to remind you of the meeting this afternoon. Dont you forget it!B: OK, I _.A. wontB. dontC. willD. do09. A: I think Ill give Bob a ring.B: You _. You havent been in touch with him for ages.A. willB. mayC. have toD. should10. A: Could I have a word with you, Mum?B: Oh, dear, if you _.A. canB. mus

47、tC. mayD. should11. I like these English songs and they _ many times on the radio.A. taughtB. have taughtC. are taughtD. have been taught12. Though we dont know what was discussed, yet we can feel the topic _.A. had changedB. will changeC. has been changedD. was changed13. The flowers were so lovely

48、 that they _ in no time.A. soldB. had been soldC. were soldD. would sell14. I got caught in the rain and my suit _.A. has ruinedB. had ruinedC has been ruinedD. had been ruined15. I called Hannah many times yesterday evening, but I couldnt got through. Her brother _ onthe phone all the time!A. was talkingB. has been talkingC. has talkedD. talked16. The moment I got home, I found I _ my jacket on the playground.A. leftB. had leftC. have leftD. was leaving. z