英语词汇辨析系列S部讲义.docx

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1、593 satisfying, satisfied 和 satisfactorysatisfying为形容词，表示主动意义，意为“令人满意的”，指某物令 人满意。如：asatisfyinganswer（一个令人满意的回答）。 satisfied是由过去分词转变来的形容词，表示被动意义，意为“感到 满意的，常与with连用。比较下列几组形容词，每一组的前一个表 示“令人.的，含有主动意义，每一组的后一个表示“感到.的, 含有被动意义。pleasant令人高兴的plcascd感到高兴的frightening令人害怕的frightened感到害怕的terrible可怕的 terrified感到害怕的

2、horrible令人恐怖的horrified感到恐怖的troublesome令人烦恼的 troubled感到烦恼的surprising令人吃惊的一surprised感到吃惊的， 受惊吓的He will not be satisfied with such a small salary.他对这样微薄的工资不 会感到满意的。其他表示“令人的”还有：painful（令人痛苦的），pitiful（令人可怜的）,shameful（令人感到可耻的）等。 satisfactory意为“令人满意的，可喜的，良好的”，有主动意味。The answer is not satisfactory to her.这个回

3、答不能使她满意。The arrangement is entirely satisfactory.这样安排完全令人满意。He hasnt given a satisfactory excuse for hisbehaviour.他对自 己的行为 尚未做出令人满意的辩解。594 save 和 rescueThe trees make a nice shade against the sun.树木挡住了太阳，遮阴很 好。I took a rest in the shade of the tree.我在树荫下休息一下。605 shake, tremble 和 shiver1 shake 最普通用语，

4、指快的、不规则的、多少有些狂暴或突然的动 作。(1) 用作及物动词，结构为：shake hands with sb.be shaken with/by/at sth.为所震动She shook her head at the idea.她对那个主意摇头。(不同意)They shook hands with each other.他们相互握手。He was much shaken by/at/with her words.她的话使他极为震动。(2) 用作不及物动词。The house shakes when the train passes by.火车通过时这房子都震动 了。The man wa

5、s shaking with fear/cold/anger.那人吓得/冻得/气得发抖。 tremble指极快的、连续不断并且是控制不住地抖动，可带有紧张、 不安等含义，为不及物动词。Her hands trembled as she opened the letter.她打开信时，双手颤抖着。The leaves trembled in the faint breeze.树叶在徐徐微风中摇动。 shiver主要用于人或动物方面，指肌肉颤抖，通常由于寒冷，但有 时因惧怕或激动而起。He crept shivering to bed.他颤抖着爬上床。606 share, separate 和 d

6、ivideshare表示“和共有，分享”，后接被分享的事物，然后接with和 人：share sth.with sb.。share 不可接双宾语。我的朋友把他的词典与我共同使用。My friend shared me his dictionary.误My friend shared his dictionary with me.正 2 divide 意为“分成，分为， 常指把整体分为儿个部分，常用结构为divide-intooThe teacher divided the students into threegroups.老师把学生分为三个 组。3separate表示分开，分离，常用结构为s

7、eparate-fromThe wall separates one room from the other.这堵墙把这个房间同那个房 间分开。607 sharp 和 sharplysharp作副词时，意为“准时地，精确地”；也可表示“突然地，急剧 地。We arrived sharp on the agreed time of seven in the evening.我彳门按约定 时间晚上七点准时到达。The bus stopped too sharp.公交车停得太突然。2 sharply意为“急剧地, 急速地；严厉地，厉声地，严重地。The road here turns very sh

8、arply.道路在这里急转弯。He was sharply criticized.他受到严厉批评。Opinions are sharply divided on this matter.在这个事情上意见分歧很大。608 short 和 shortlylOshort作副词表示“突然地，出其不意地；唐突地，突地；简洁地”。 stop short突然停下cut short 打断talk short with sb.与某人简短地交谈1 shortly意为“不久，很快；简言之；简略地；唐突地，不耐烦地”。They returned shortly after sunset.日落后不久他们就返回了。He

9、explained his meaning shortly but clearly.他扼要而清楚地解释了 自 己的意思。She answered shortly that she didnt care what Ithought.她很不耐烦地回 答说，她不在乎我怎么想。609 should用法难点should用作助动词，为shall的过去式，用来构成过去将来时，主要 用于宾语从句中的第一人称o I told her that I should see her the next day. 我告诉她我将在第二天见她。We thought we should never come here agai

10、n.我们原以为永远也不会再 到这里来了。1 should作情态动词，表示“应该，应当，通用于各种人称。We should help each other.我们应该相互帮助。You should write a letter to her.你应该给她写一封信。Theory should be combined with practice.理论应同实践相结合。2 should用于第一人称，表示委婉语气，为客气、礼貌的说法。I should say youd better learn another foreignlanguage.我倒觉得你最好 再学一门外语。We should like to d

11、o the experiment right now.我们倒是想立即做这项 实验。 should可用于特殊疑问句中，表示意外、惊奇、不能理解等，有“竟 会，竟然会，怎么会”等义。How should I know?我怎么会知道呢？Why should I do it?为什么要我做那件事呢？ A: Go and cut down the tree.去把那棵树砍掉。B: Why should I?为什么（要）我砍呢？ should be doing sth.表示应该在做什么。You shouldnt be sitting here doing nothing.你不应该坐在这里什么也不干。You s

12、houldnt be staying 叩 so late.你不该睡这么晚。 should have done sth.表示该做而实际未做，含有责备、遗憾、建议、 指正的意味，意为“本应该”。You should have come earlier.你木该早些来的。These manuscripts should have been kept in a dryplace.这些手稿本应存 放在干燥的地方。You should have told him you dont like to do it.你来应告诉他你不喜欢 做那件事的。There is no reason why he should

13、have sold thehouse.他竟然把房子卖 了，简直毫无理由。 shouldnt have done sth.示不该做却做了，或该做却没做，含有责 备等意味。This kind of flower should not have been watered so often.这种花本不该 浇水这样勤的。She shouldnt have left home without a word.她不该什么也没说就离开 了家。You shouldnt have told her the news.你本不该把消息告诉她的。（但却 告诉了）You should have told her the n

14、ews.你本该把消息告诉她的。（但却没告 诉）8 should 用在虚拟语气中，相当于 wouldo If we had planted this kind of trees in a damp place,they should have grown better.这种树要是种在潮 湿的地方，会长得更好。If I were to do the job,I should do it in a differentway.要是我来做这项 1： 作，我会以不同的方式做。610 Shouldnt you.?Shouldnt you.?用于委婉地提出建议，表示“你难道不该吗？ ”。 Shouldnt y

15、ou give her more help?你难道不应该给她更多的帮助吗？ Shouldnt you be more cautious later on?你今后 难道不该更谨慎才是吗？Shouldnt you have confidence in yourself?你难道不应该自信吗？611 shout at 和 shout toshout at sb.表示“高声对某人叫喊，冲人嚷嚷”。The man shouted at the children playing on theroad.那人对着在马路上 玩耍的孩子叫喊。Calm down and stop shouting at each o

16、ther.安静卜来，不要互相嚷嚷。1 shout to sb.表示高声地对某人说话，也可以说shout to sb.to do sth., 表示“高声叫某人干某事”。Dont come near the fireihe shouted to thechildren.他对孩了们大声 说：“不要靠近火！She shouted to him to come downstairs.她高声喊他卜楼。612 show, display 和 exhibitIshow为最普通用词，泛指一切有意无意地把东西给别人看的行为。 They told us to show our passports.他们叫我们出示护照

17、。My watch shows the time as well as the dates.我的表不仅显示钟点,而 且显示日期。2 display指有意地或炫耀地把某物摆出来给众人观看。The prize winning drawings in the art show were displayed in the school corridors.在艺术展览会上获奖的绘画作品在学校走廊里展出。He displayed his drunkenness openly on the street.他公然在街上要酒 疯。2 exhibit指为出售、竞赛等目的而把东西陈列出来，也可作show的 较为正式

18、的代用词。The gallery is exhibiting French paintings.美术馆正展出法国绘画。The children exhibited (=showed) greatinterest in the circus.孩子彳门对马 戏表现出极大的兴趣。613 shrink, contract, condense 和 compress变小shink指衣料指木，事物在体民上因物理因Washing wool in hot water will make it shrink.用热水洗毛织物会使之缩小。 contract指遇冷物体收缩，或内力作用下的紧缩，收拢，在一定条 件下还能还

19、原。Metal contracts as it becomes cool.金属冷却时体积会缩小。 condense意为“缩合，压缩”，常指压力改变、温度变化使液体浓缩, 也指气体或蒸汽压缩，从而收缩减小体积；也表示精简文章等。You must condense yourpaper into a fewparagraphs.你必须把你白勺文章 精简成几个段落。compress意为“压缩，使固体、气体、液体通过 压力缩小体积，也指使语言简练。Can you compress your speech into five minutes?你能在 5 分钟内把话讲 完吗？614 single, sole

20、 和 onlysingle着重强调一下，仅此一个。She buys a single new dress each year.她每年仅买一件新衣服。2 sole着重于单独，只考虑到单独一个。My sole purpose is to help you.我唯一的目的是帮助你。only着重于一类中最好或最具代表性的一个，也表示“唯一的”，常 代替sole,但不如sole意义那么强烈。She is the only girl in the world for me.她是我最挚爱的女孩。Of all the possible suggestions, her plan is the only solu

21、tion to our problems.在所有可能的建议中，她提出的方案是解决我们问题的唯一 方法。I am my parents only child.我是父母的独生子。615 sit, seat 和 be seatedsit是不及物动词，意为“坐”，过去式和过去分词都是sat。Please sit down.请坐下。He sat in the sofa/in the chair/on the stool.他坐在沙发上/椅子上/凳子 上。1 seat可用作名词，意为“座位”，have/take aseat表示“请坐，坐”；take ones seat指在娱乐场所（如电影院等）对号入座，on

22、e、不可省。seat作动词用时，为及物动 词，意为“使坐下，使就座，后跟名词或反身代词作宾语，可用于被 动语态。seat还可表示“容纳 人”。Please take a seat.请就座。They have taken their seats.他们已就座。He had his seat near the window.他靠窗户就座。She seated the boy on the floor.她让那个男孩坐在地板上。（使坐下）The hall can seat 500 people,这个大厅可容纳 500 人。be seated表示状态，意为“坐着”。Please be seated. 1

23、请坐。Please seat yourself.iEPlease sit down.正（为较随便的说法）She seated herself on the grass.她在草地上坐下。She was seated on the grass.IEShe sat on the grass. IEIW f sctied on he gras (seat 不能作不及物动提示sit down表示的动作是非延续性的,不可同表示一段时间的状语连用。 比较：She sat down there for an hour.误She sat there for an hour.正她在那里坐了一个小时。比较“在座位上

24、坐下”可以说sit down on the seat,也可以说sit down in the seato616 skim, scan 和 skipIskim和scan都可译为“浏览，略读”，但严格讲来是两种不同的快速 阅读方法。scan是为了获得某个具体信息而浏览一遍(骨nd important or interesting information),相当于“查阅，以找到想要找的内容，如查 字典。skim指快速读过去，以得到主旨大意(main idea),阅读过程中 对不重要的部分一扫而过，如看报纸等，相当于“翻阅(withoutlooking at details) oHe scans th

25、e papers for all presidential news.ltfl浏览了 报纸，看看所有关 于总统竞选的消息。Astronomers scanned the sky for a sight of thecomet.天文学家观察天空 寻找彗星的踪影。Just skimming the paper, I came across theadvertisement.翻阅报纸时，我 看见了这条广告。This book is worth skimming through.这本书值得泛读一下/浏览一下。 skip意为“跳读”。Id skip this chapter if I were you.

26、如果我是你的话，这一章我会略而不 读。617 slim 和 thin1 slim意为“苗条的，细长的”，是褒义词，称得上slim的人往往给人 以美感。He saw a very slim girl.他看见了 一个很苗条的姑娘。2thin意为“瘦的，薄的”，只是客观地描述人或动物胖与瘦，物的厚 与薄。There are two girls over there, a fat one and a thin one.那边有两个女孩， 一个胖，一个瘦。The ice is too thin for skating.冰太薄,不能滑冰。618 slip, slide, slither, skid 和 gl

27、ide1 slip （指走动时）滑跤,失足（slide out of place or fall by sliding）oMy foot slipped and I nearly fell.我的脚滑了一下，差点儿摔倒了。slide （指在光滑的表面上平衡地）滑动，滑行（move smoothly over along a surface） oA huge plane slid off an aerodrome runway.一架巨型飞机滑离机场跑 道。3slither不稳地滑动,蜿蜒地滑行（slideunsteadily）oThe boy slithered along the icy roa

28、d.这个男孩沿着结了冰的道路连跌 带滑地走着。The snake slithered into the weeds.蛇游进 了 草丛。 skid （车轮刹住后的）滑行；（人或车等行进时因路面而向一侧）打 滑。The car braked too quickly and went into a skid.汽车刹车过急而向一侧 滑行了一段路。5 glide 滑行，滑翔(move noiselessly in a smooth, continuous manner, which seems easy and without effort) oThe boat glided (=slid) over

29、the river.船儿平滑地驶过河面。They glided down to a perfect landingJth们滑翔而下，着陆动作完善漂 亮。619 slow 和 slowlylOslow作副词表示“慢慢地，缓慢地”，常用于非正式谈话中，同 go,drive,run 等连用。Drive slow !驾车慢行!News travels slow to the backward region.消息传到落后地区很慢。提示slow作副词还用于复合词中。slow-moving traffic缓慢移动的车辆a slow-footed ship航速很慢的船2 slowly是常用副词。She wal

30、ked slowly towards the river.她慢慢地向河边走去。提示比较级和最高级 slower,slowest 和 more slowly, most slowly 常通用。620 smell sweet 和 smell the flower表示感官、感觉的词如smell, taste, feel等，既可用作连系动词，也 可用作行为动词，但含义及用法不同。 用作连系动词，含义与结构为：1 save表示“抢救，救助，挽救”，普通用词，指帮助人或事物脱离险 境或使之从不利局面中解脱出来。The firemen saved the man from falling off thebu

31、ilding.消防队员救助那 名男子，使其免于坠楼。He saved the child from the fire.他从大火中救出了那个孩子。She has saved many peoples lives.她曾经挽救了许多人的生命。The old man was saved by a soldier.那位老人是被一位士兵救的。 save表示“节省，节约”。He has saved a lot of money.他已省下了 许多钱。We can save much time in this way.这样我们可以省很多时间。Tt will save you a lot of trouble.这

32、将给你省去很多麻烦。（跟双宾语）rescue意为“营救，解救”，强调从迫切的危险或祸患中救助出来。She was rescued from a burning building.她被人从着火的大楼里救了出来。A lifeboat was sent out to rescue the sailors from the sinking ship,一艘救 生艇被派去营救沉船上的水手。595 say, speak, talk, tell 和 addresslOsay是及物动词，着重说的具体内容，强调说什么，必须有宾语， 可以是从句，从句可以是直接引语，也可以是间接引语。say构成的 常用短语有：say

33、 a few words 说 J L句话say something in English用英语讲点什么say goodbye to 向告另Usay nothing to sb.对某人什么也不说say hello to sb.向某人问好feel（摸起来，感到）taste （尝起来）+形容词smell（闻起来）sound（听起来）Your hands feel cold.你的手摸起来很凉。I dont feel well today.我今天感到不大舒服。The dish tastes wonderful. 这菜尝起来很不错。The medicine tastes bitter.这药尝起来有苦味。T

34、he flower smells sweet.这花闻起来很香。The music sounds sweet.这音乐听起来很动听。Her words sound true. 她的话听起来像是真的。用作及物动词，含义与结构为： feel（触摸.感知） taste（品尝）、mell（闻，嗅）+宾语sound（敲响）The doctor first felt her pulse.医生先给她号脉。She felt her heart beating faster.她感到心脏跳得更快。He tasted the soup.他尝了 尝那汤。Shes never tasted meat.她从不吃肉。She i

35、s smelling the rose.她在闻玫瑰花。He smelled the meat carefully to see if it is fresh.他仔细地闻那肉，看它 是否新鲜。The old man sounded the bell loudly.那位老人把钟敲得很响。621 snatch,grasp, grab 和 seize1 snatch猛然抓住（如夺刀、接球、抢皮包等）。The thief snatched her wallet and ran away.小偷猛地抢走她的钱夹跑 了。2 grasp紧抓不放，掌握。She grasped her fathers arm in

36、 order not to be separated by the crowd of people.她紧紧抓着爸爸的胳膊以免被人群拆散。3grab猛然抓住（比snatch粗鲁，不顾他人权利）。The starving people grabbed whatever food they could get their hands on. 饥懂的人们只要能弄到手，随便什么食物都抢夺了过去。 seize （出其不意）猛然夺取、抓住。The policeman seized the thief in the act ofescaping.警察一下子抓住了正在逃跑的小偷。622 so, it和that作

37、代 词的区别imagine, hope, expect, guess, believe, fear,think, suppose 等后，在 be afraid后，也可用替代词so。A: I think it will rain this afternoon.我想今天下午要下雨了。B: I hope so.我希望这样。Well, I told you so,didnrt I?我不正是这样对你说的吗？2.0 口语中,tell, say, do等后，常用it或that代替so。Dont say that again.别再那么说了。He told me that the other day.他前天那样

38、对我说的。3believe,imagine, suppose,think,guess 后接 so 时，变为否定式有两种形 式。I dont believe so.我相信不是这样。I believe not.He doesnt think so.他认为不是这样。He thinks not.提示但hope后接so时,只有一种否定形式。A: Do you think she will come?你认为她会来吗？B:Yes, Ihope so.是的，我希望她来。No, I hope not.l不，我不希望她来。No, I dont hope so.误下文中用so与that的含义不同：A: John h

39、as come out first in the exam.约翰考试得了第一名。B: Who says so?谁说的？A:The teacher.老师说的。（想知道真实性）B： Who says that?谁说的?A:Tom.汤姆说的。（想知道此话是谁说出来的）so和to用作替代词 在hope, expect, imagine等动词后加so,表示同意前面说话人的 肯定意见；而如果不同意前面说话人的肯定意见，或同意前面说话人 的否定意见，则要在这类动词后加not。A: They believe she will succeed.他们相信她会成功的。B: I think so.我想她会的。A: H

40、e hopes she wont fail this time.他希望她这次不会失败。B: I hope not.我希望她不会。 这种结构中的so或not代替的通常是整个宾语从句，如果代替的 是不定式或不定式短语，则要用to,表示肯定；用not to,表示否定。 A: Do you want to visit the town again?你想再次访问那座小城吗？B: I expect to.我希望去。（相当于 I expect to visit the town again.）A:Do you want to have a talk with her?你想同她谈话吗？B: I hope no

41、t to.我不希望。提示这些用法中均不可用ito 为求简洁和避免重复，常可以用不定式符号to来代替前面己经提 到过的不定式或不定式短语。A: Do you want to see her?B: Yes, I am glad to.(省略 了 see her)B: He doesnt want to do the job, but I have to.(省略了 do the job) 其他如try to, plan to, used to, would liketo等都是常用的省略式，但to 不可省。623 so that, such.that 和 so-astoso that既可以引导目的状语

42、从句，也可以引导结果状语从句，但有 区别。如果引导目的状语从句，so that意为“以便，这样，为了，目的是”， 从句中的谓语应该有 may/might,can/could, will, would,should 这类情 态动词，表示“可能，会”等义。She studies hard so that she may pass the exam.她努力学习以便能通过 考试。We planted lots of trees in the campus so that our school (should) be beautified.我们在校园里种了许多树，以便美化学校。 so that引导目的状

43、语从句，可用in order that代替或改用不定式in order to, so as to。I sat in the first row in order that/so that I might hear clearly.我坐在第一 排，以便听得清楚。(=inorder to hear,so as to hear)She bought a villa in the suburb in order that/so that she could spend her weekend there.她在乡间买了一幢别墅，以便去那里度周末。(=in order to spend, so as to

44、 spend) so that引导目的状语从句，可以放在句首。So that she should arrive there on time, she set out in the early morning. 为了能按时到达那儿，她一大清早就动身了。So that they shouldnt fail, they were fullyprepared.他们做了充分准备， 以防失败。 so that引导目的状语从句，表示主句主语的主观愿望。He drove fast so that he might be there in half aday.他车开得很快，以便能在半天时间到达那儿。5 so

45、that引导目的状语从句时，有时可省略SOoThe policemen cleared the mountain of the robbers (so) that people might live a peaceful life.警察清除了山中的强盗，以便人们过上和平生活。6so that如果引导结果状语从句，意为“结果，以至于”，前面常用逗 号同主句分开。从句中通常不用情态动词，表示实际的结果怎样。He came late, so that he missed the train也来晚了，没有赶上火车。She was ill, so that she was unable to go to

46、 work,她病 了，不能上班 了。so that引导结果状语从句时，so可以提到形容词、副词或分词前。She was so worried that she couldnt eat or sleep.她忧心忡忡，吃不下， 睡不着。He swam so fast that none of us could keep up with him.他游得很快，我 们谁也跟不上他。8so that引导结果状语从句时，有时可用too-to或enough.to改写。 他跑得很快，逮住了那个小偷。He ran so quickly that he caught the thief.=He ran quickl

47、y enough to catch the thief.I was so tired that I couldnt go any further.我太累了，一点也走不动了。I was too tired to go any further.9 so that引导结果状语从句时，从句表示的是主句行为的结果，而非 主语的愿望。He was disappointed so that he meant to give up the plan.他很失望，打算 放弃自己的计划。so that引导结果状语从句时，有时可省略thatoHe studied hard so (that)he passed the

48、 entrance examination.他亥惜学 习，通过了入学考试。提示结果状语从句如果表示“可能的结果，要用may,如果表示“必然的 结果”，要用mustoHe is careless in his work so that he may makemistakes.他 I：作不即J，C?, 可能会出错。He is careless in his work so that he must makemistakes.他 匚作不纽PL, 必然会出错。lOso-that句型中的that通常只能引导结果状语从句，意为“如此. 以至于气He was so ill that he had to go

49、 to the doctor.他病得很重，不得不去看医 生。She spoke so fast that we couldnt follow her.她说得太快，我们跟不上。 The moon was so bright that the flowers were bright as by day.月光如此 的明亮，以至于看得见鲜花怒放，犹如在白天一样。1 am so busy these days that 1 have no time to takeawalk.我这些天非常 忙，连散步的时间都没有。1 such-that结构不同于so-that结构。so是副词,修饰形容词、副词、 动词，s

50、uch是形容词，修饰名词，该名词前还可有别的修饰语。值得 注意的是,such不能同many和much连用，不可说such many students, such much water, 应说 so many students, so much watero注意比较下面两个结构：such a fine view（such 彳彦饰 a fine view）so fine a view （so 修饰 fine）提示such可以修饰单数名词、复数名词（such goodbooks）和不可数名词 （such cool water）o但除somany+复数名词和so much+不可数名词结构 外.“so+

51、形容词”之后接的词只能是单数可数名词或不可数名词，不能 是复数名词，其结构为：S0+形容词+a/an+单数名词。so good novels 误such good novels 正so great progress 误such great progress 正2 such-that既可以表示程度，也可以表示结果。such- that引导结果 状语从句时，有时可改为such-asto结构。I was such a cold day that we all kept indoors.那天非常寒冷，我们都闭 门不出。（结果）They were not such fools that they bel

52、ieved him.（程度）They were not such fools as to believe him.他们不至于傻到相信他。 so.as to+动词原形可以表示结果，意为“如此.以至于，那样. 以至于”，也可以表示目的，意为“那样.以便”。He is so strong as to move the big stone.他那样强壮，能够搬动这块大 石头。（结果）He wouldnt be so mean as to do such a thing.他不会小气到做出这样的 事。Ts she so naive as to believe your story?她会夭真到相信你的话吗？提

53、不如果soas to所在句中的主语和其后不定式的逻辑主语为同一人或 物，可同so-that句型换用，表示结果。He got up so early as to catch the train也起得早，赶上了火车。He got up so early that he caught the train.624 some, some of, any 和certain1 some可以表示：某个人或物，后跟单数名词；某个不确定的数, 意为“一些，后跟复数可数名词或不可数名词。She lives in some village to the west of the town.她住在城西的某个村子 里。Yo

54、u may ask some student to do it.你可以请某位学生做这件事。There are some trees in the yard.院子里有一些树。2一般来说，在疑问句中要用any代替some,但在表示邀请、请求他 人做某事的疑问句中要用some,在表示期待得到肯定答复的疑问句 中也要用some。Would you like some tea?喝点茶好吗？（邀请，=Please have some tea.） Will you buy some apples?买些苹果好吗？（请求,=Please buy some apples.）Would you lend me so

55、me money?你能借些钱给我吗？（期望得到肯定 回答）3some of意为“.中有些”，指的是特定的人或物，后跟代词时，要 用宾格，后跟名词时，前面必须加the；而some既可以表示特定的人 或物，也可以表示未知的人或物。比较：Some friends of mine are managers.我的一些朋友是经理。（特指）There are some books on the desk.桌子上有些书。（泛指）Some of them get up early.他们中有些人起床早。Some of the students get up early.F 有些学生起床早。Some of stud

56、ents get up early.误Some of the glasses are broken.有些杯子破Some of glasses are broken.误3 any 般用于疑问句、否定句，意为“一些，什么，（无论）哪一个，（无 论）哪些。Is there any important news on TV?电视有什么重要新闻吗？There isnt any water in the cup.杯子里没有水。Do any of you know theanswer?你们当中有谁知道答案吗？提示any在肯定句中表示“任何的”。Any schoolboy knows it.任何小学生都懂这个

57、。You may take any one of these pens.这些钢笔你可以拿任何一支。certain可以表示：1某个不确定的数；2某个不确定的地点；某 种说不出的感觉；某个人。He has lent me a certain sum of money.他借给 了 我一些钱。She came from a certain place in the south.她从南方某个地方来。He felt a certain uneasiness.他感到有些不安。A certain Zhang is waiting for you at the gate.有位姓张的在门口等你。(=A Zhang

58、-)some day 和 one day1 some day指“(将来)某一天”，用于将来时中。lam sure he w川succeed some day.我敢肯定，他有一天会成功的。2one day表示“(过去的)某一天”，也可表示“(将来)某一天”，可用于过 去时或将来时中。One day he walked through the forest.一天,他步行穿过 了那个森林。They havent seen each other for over twenty years, but they will meet again one day.他们己经20多年没见面了，但是他们终有一天会见

59、面 的。625 something like,something of 和 not much ofsomething like 性质或数量Fl各同(somethingapproximating in character or amount)；似乎，略微(somewhat)oIt is something like a pudding.此物略似布丁。It shaped something like a cigar.它的形状略似雪茄。2 something of 某种程度上(to some extent) o He is something of an artist. 他略有艺术家的气质。(还算得

60、上艺术家)He is something of a philosopher.他略有哲学才能。(has something of a philosopher in him)3 not much of不算很好的。Five dollars a day is not much of a wage for a grown man.五美元一天的 工资对一个成人来说太少了。It is not much of a day for a walk.这天气散步不太好。(bad weather)He is not much of an artist.他算不上一位出色的艺术家。比较say something about

61、 说点关于的事情Can you say it in English?你能用英语说吗？ What did you say just now? 你刚才说了什么？ I said nothing to her.我对她什么也没说。 speak常用作不及物动词，着重开口讲话，强调发出声音或运用语 言的能力，不强调所说的内容；作及物动词用时，speak常以语言名 词作宾语，如speak English（说英语），speak French（说法语）等。speak to/with sb.意为“对某人讲话，speak to sb.about sth.意为“同某人讲关 于的情况speak后不可跟从句。Please

62、speak slowly and clearly,请说慢点，讲清楚。The child cant speak yet.这孩子还不会说话。She can speak Japanese and some other languages.她能说日语和其他几种语言。The teacher is speaking to Toms father about his studies at school.老！I巾在 同汤姆的父亲谈汤姆在校的学习情况。She is speaking loudly to the children.她在向孩子们大声讲话。比较用中文说speak it in Chinese 误say

63、it in Chinese 正He spoke that he would come.误He said that he would come.他说他要来。说中文say Chinese 误speak Chinese提示speak还可表示“说实话，说心里话”等。Please tell her to speak her thought out.请告诉她把自己的想法说出来。 She has spoken the truth to him.她向他讲了 实情。He is nothing of a musician.他算不上什么音乐家。（has nothing of a musician in his ab

64、ility）He is very much of a poet.他很有诗人气质。（agreat deal of）He is little of a scholar.他没有什么学问。（a bit of）He thinks nothing of the manager.他觉得那位经理不怎么样。Is he much of an artist?他是个很有才华的艺术家吗？He is anything but an artist.他根本算不上艺术家。（没有资格，水平太 差）The so-called somebody was a mere nobody.那个所谓的大人物其实什 么也不是。626 sound 和 sound likesound作动词用时常作连系