江苏职称考试卫生英语新题库四短文填补

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1、第一套1.With each hour, the suns ultraviolet (UV) radiation produces irreversibledamage, hastening the development of unsightly wrinklesIn the summer; millions of Americans will offer up their bodies to the sunrays. A tan indicates health and beauty, and most sun worshippers will sacrifice alot to achi

2、eve it, including themselves.(A) And with each year on the beach or rooftop, the sunbather increases his risk of getting skin cancer.(B) Skin cancer is by far the most common form of cancer (C) Fortunately, most of these cancers are highly curable.(D) Sunburn, of course, is the initial hazard posed

3、by UV radiation. Dermatologists recommend avoiding the sun when it is most intensebetween 11 a. m. and 3 p.m.在夏季,数百万美国人日光浴。为了健康和美容，大多数晒太阳者为实现它将牺牲很多，包括他们自己。【A/每一个小时，太阳的紫外线（紫外线）辐射产生不可逆转的损害，加速生长难看的皱纹】并且每年在海滩或屋顶日光浴者会增加患皮肤癌。皮肤癌是目前最常见的癌症形式。幸运的是，大多数这些癌症是可以高度治愈的。晒伤，当然，是最初的紫外辐射造成的。皮肤科医生建议避免太阳时，它是最强烈的时间是早上 11

4、 点到晚上 3 点2.Tonsillitis,however, usually starts with a sore throat which causes pain onSwallowing Most sore throats are caused by the infection which treatment with antibiotics cannot cure. better in 4 0r 5 days.(A) But with simple remedies the patient normally gets(B) With a sore throat, sometimes t

5、he tonsils orsurrounding parts of the throat are inflamed.(C) With children and some adults,there may be a fever and the patient is obviously not feeling well. (D) It may bepossible to see white spots on the back of the throat.大多数喉咙痛所造成的感染，抗生素治疗不能治愈。但简单的补救办法病人通常在 4 或 5 天变的更好。喉咙痛，有时扁桃体和周围地区的咽喉发炎。【C/无

6、论怎样扁桃体炎，通常开始于喉咙痛，吞咽疼痛。】儿童和成人，病人可能有发烧和明显的不舒服。在喉咙后面可能会看到白色斑点。3、But to be skillful requires greater time.The Chinese have used a method called acupuncture to perform operations for about 4,000 years without putting the patient to sleep. (A) Acupuncture is a technique of inserting and manipulating fine

7、filiform needles(豪针 ) into specific points on the body .to relieve pain or for the therapeutic purposes,(B) To learn how to use the needles takes, about one month of training.(C) The person who performs the acupuncture knows how to put in the needles so the needledthemselves are not painful. (D) The

8、re is general agreement that acupuncture issafe when administered by well-trained practitioners using sterile needles./中国大约 4000 年前已经使用了一种叫做针灸的操作，使病人入睡。针灸是一种技术插入和操纵细丝状针（豪针）到身体的特定点。以减轻疼痛或治疗的目的，学习如何使用针带，大约需要一个月的培训。【C/但是需要特别的技巧就需要更多的时间。】执行这个针灸术的人知道怎样将针插批评本身并不痛苦 。人们普遍认为，由训练有素的从业人员使用无菌注射器，针灸是安全的，4.White

9、blood cells are produced as a result of inflammation or disease,generally when the body is challenged .Eating potatoes is not only good for bowel health, but also for the wholeimmune system, especially wen they come in the fo,rm. of a potato salad or eatencold. (A) In a study on an animal model, res

10、earchers in Spain found that pigs fedlarge quantities of raw potato starch not only had a healthier bowel, but alsodecreased levels of white blood cells, such leucocytes and lymphocytes in theirblood. (B) The use of raw potato starch in this experiment is designed.tostimulate the effects of a diet h

11、igh in resistant starch. (C) Humans do not eat rawpotatoes, but they do eat a lot of foods that, contain.resistant starch; such as coldboiled potatoes, grains, green bananas, pasta and cereals. (D) Starchconsumption is thought to reduce the risk of large bowel cancer and may alsohave an effect on ir

12、ritable bowel syndrome.吃土豆不仅有益肠道健康，而且对整个免疫系统有益，尤其是当他们沙拉或冷吃马铃薯。在动物模型上的一项研究，西班牙的研究人员发现，猪喂食大量马铃薯原淀粉不仅有一个健康的肠道，而且也减少白血细胞的水平，这样的血液中的白细胞和淋巴细胞。【B/炎症或疾病时产生白色血细胞，对一般的身体是挑战。利用马铃薯原淀粉在这个实验的目的是刺激效应】的饮食高抗性淀粉。人类不吃土豆，但他们吃很多食物，含有抗性淀粉；如冷水煮土豆，谷物，绿色香蕉，面食和谷类。淀粉消费被认为可以减少大肠癌的风险，也可能影响肠易激综合征。第二套四、短文填补（4 小题，每题 5 分，共 20 分）阅读下

13、面短文 ,根据短文内容 ,从所给中选出所给句子最适合补入的一处.5. The drug interferes with appetite control and prevents the build up of fattyissue .Scientists have developed a slimming drug that successfully suppresses appetiteand results in a dramatic loss of weight without any apparent ill effects. (A) Moreimportantly, the dru

14、g appears to prevent a serious decline in metabolic rate-causingtiredness and lethargy( 无 精 打 采 )-which is typically associated with living on astarvation diet. (B) As a result, mice taking the drug lost 45 percent more weight thanmice fed the same amount of food, which compensate for the lack of fo

15、od bybecoming more sluggish. ,(C) The latest study showed that even moderate doses ofthe drug produced a significant loss of appetite, which returned to normal after a fewdays.(D) Human studies are being planned.科学家开发了一种减肥药，成功地抑制食欲，导致体重明显下降，而无任何明显的不良影响。【A/药物干预食欲控制，防止了脂肪的问题。】更重要的是，这种药物防止出现严重的代谢率下降而导致

16、的导致疲劳和嗜睡（无精打采）通常关联着生活在饥饿节食（B）因此，因此,老鼠服用该药物的体重比吃同样的食物量的老鼠多减掉了 45%，它弥补缺乏食物变得更加疲软的缺陷。（C），最新研究表明,回到正常的几天后，中度剂量药物的产生了重大的食欲不振,（D）人类研究正在计划中。6. There is no connection between their nervous system .What we know of prenatal development ( 产 前 发 育 ) makes all this attemptmade by a mother to mold the character o

17、f her unborn child by studying poetry, art ormathematics during pregnancy seem utterly impossible.(A) How could suchextremely complex influences pass from the mother to the child? (B) An emotionalshock to the mother will affect her child, because it changes the activity of her glandand so the chemis

18、try of her blood.(C) But we can not see how a looking for mathematics or poetic genius can be dissolved in blood and produce a similar liking or genius in the child. (D) Even the blood vessels of mother and child do not join directly.我们所知道的产前发育让这一切尝试由母亲通过研究诗歌来塑造她未出生的孩子性格,艺术或数学怀孕期间似乎完全不可能塑造。(A)通过从母亲对

19、孩子会这样极其复杂的影响吗?(B/他们的神经系统之间没有联系)。一个母亲的情感冲击将会影响她的孩子,因为它改变了她的活动和她的血液中的化学物质(C),但是我们不清楚如何让数学或诗歌的天才可以在母体中产生和天才的孩子产生相似的喜好。(D)甚至母亲的血管和孩子的不要直接连接。7.Some researchers see a future in NOTES。 NOTES is short for NaturalOrifice Transluminal Endoscopic Surgery. Medical researchers keep looking for less invasive ways

20、 to perform operations.(A)The aim is to cut less and; to reduce pain and recovery time.(B) But since the late 1980s, laparoscopic(腹腔镜的) surgery has gained popularity. (C) The doctor works with a system called a laparoscope, usually connected to a video camera.(D)With the newest kind of surgery, doct

21、ors make a small cut in the patients belly button.医学研究人员一直在寻找侵入性更小的手术方法。（A）目的是减少，减少疼痛和恢复时间。一些研究人员看到未来的 NOTES。【B/NOTES 是短期的自然孔腔内内窥镜手术】。但自 80 年代后期，腹腔镜手术已经获得了普及（腹腔镜的）。（C）医生使用一种叫做腹腔镜的系统，通常与摄像机连接。（D）有了这种最新的手术，医生在病人肚脐只要作小切口。8.In fact, though, we are extremely sensitive to smells, even if we do notgenerall

22、y realize it. 事实上,尽管我们对气味是极其敏感的,即使我们不常意识到。The human nose is an underrated tool. (A) Humans are often thought to beinsensitive smellers compared with animals, but this is largely because unlike animals,we stand upright. .(B) This means that our noses are limited to perceiving those smellswhich float

23、through the air, missing the majority of smells which stick to surfaces. (C)Our noses are capable of detecting human smells even when these are diluted to farbelow one part in one million. (D) Strangely, some people find that they can smell onetype of flower but not another, whereas others are sensi

24、tive to the smells of bothflowers.人类的鼻子是一个被低估的工具。（A）人类通常被认为是嗅觉迟钝的动物相比，但这主要是因为人类与动物不同，我们是直立。（B）。这意味着我们的鼻子仅限于闻到漂浮在空气中，错过了大部分附着在物体表面的气味。【C/事实上,尽管我们对气味是极其敏感的 ,即使我们不常意识到。】我们的鼻子能够闻到人的气味，即使这些气味被稀释到低于一百万的一部分。（D）奇怪的是，有些人发现他们可以闻到一种花香，但不能闻到另一种，而另一些人两种花的香味都灵敏第三套四、短文填补（4 小题，每题 5 分，共 20 分）阅读下面短文 ,根据短文内容 ,从所给中选出所给

25、句子最适合补入的一处.9. The scientists measure the total utterances of the parents, the number ofdifferent words they used, the complexity of their sentences and other aspects oftheir speech.In families with two working parents, fathers may have more impact on a childslanguage development than mothers, a new

26、study suggests. (A) Researchers recruited92 families from 11 child care centers before their children were l year old,interviewing each to establish income, level of education and child care arrangements.(B) When the children were 2 years old, researcher videotaped them at home infree-play session w

27、ith both parents, recording all of their speech.(On average, fathersspoke less than mothers did, but they did not differ in the length of utterances orproportion of question asked. (D) Finally, the researchers analysed the childrensspeech at the age of 3, using a standardized language test.家庭中的父母都有工

28、作，父亲可能比母亲更多的影响孩子的语言发展，一项新的研究表明。（A）研究人员招募了 92 名来自 11 个家庭的儿童保健中心之前，他们的孩子一岁了，为每一个儿童的教育水平和照料情况建立档案。（B）当孩子 2 岁，研究人员录下了他们在家中会议自由发言，记录双方父母所有的讲话。【C/科学家测量父母话语，他们使用的一些不同的话，复杂的句子和其他方面的演讲。】平均来说，父亲比母亲说的少了,但他们没有差别在话语的长度或比例的问题问。（D）最后，研究人员使用一个标准化的语言测试，分析了 3 岁儿童的讲话，10. Learners, therefore, must have books, and the r

29、ight type of book, for the satisfaction of their need.A bookless life is an incomplete life. (A) Books influence the depth and breadth of life. (B) They meet the natural desire for freedom, for expression, for creativity and beauty of life. They are presented with a diversity of humanexperiences and

30、 come to respect other ways of thought and living, (C) Through theirreading they find a deeper significance to life as books acquaint them with life in theworld as it was and it is now. (D) Readers turn naturally to books because theircuriosity concerning all manners of things, their eagerness to sh

31、are in the experiencesof others and their need to escape from their own limited environment lead them tofind in books food for their mind and spirit.一个没有书的生活是一个不完整的生活。【A 学习者,因此,必须有书籍,正确类型的书,为了满足他们的需要。】书影响生命的深度和广度。(B)他们满足自然渴望自由,for 表达式,为创造性和生命的美丽。他们面前是一个多样性的人类经验和来尊重其他的思维方式和生活方式,(C)通过阅读他们找到了一个更深层次的意义生

32、活的书,使他们懂得生活在真实的世界和现在。(D)的读者自然而然转向书,因为他们的好奇心有关的形形色色的东西,他们急切的想分享他人的经验和他们的需要逃离自己的有限的环境，使他们在书中找到食物,给他们的思想和精神。11. Violence and traffic accidents can leave people with rrible physical andemotional scars. Often they relive these experiences in nightmares.Not all memories are sweet. Some people spend all th

33、eir lives trying to forgetbad experiences. (A) Now American researchers think they are close to developing apill, which will help people forget these bad memories.(B) The pill is designed to beaken immediately after a frightening experience. possibly erase, the effect of painful memories.(C) They ho

34、pe it might reduce ,or(D) The research has caused a greatdeal of argument. Some think it is a bad idea, while others support it.不是所有的记忆都是甜蜜的。一些人用一生努力忘记不好的经历。【A/暴力和交通事故能给人带来可怕的身体和情感上的伤痕。他们经常重温这些经历在噩梦中。】现在,美国的研究者认为他们已经接近发展中一片药,这将帮助人们忘记这些不好的回忆。(B)避孕药被设计成之后立刻避免一次可怕的经历。(C)他们希望这将降低,或者可能抹去,痛苦的记忆的影响。(D)研究已经

35、引起了极大的争论。有些人认为这是一个坏主意,而其他人支持它。12. Scientists have now conducted a number of laboratory experiments in whichvolunteers are exposed to ozone inside a steel chamber for a few hours.There is no question that the old style of air pollution could kill people: (A) Aseries of these killer fogs eventually le

36、d to the British Parliament passing the CleanAir Act which restricted the burning of coal. (B) Fortunately, the effect of smog on thelungs is not so dramatic. 【C】 Even at quite low concentrations there is a reversiblefall in lung function, an increase in the irritability of the lungs and evidence of

37、 airwayinflammation. (D) Although irritable and inflamed lungs are particularly seen inpeople with asthma and other lung diseases, these effects of ozone also occur inhealthy subjects. Similar changes are also seen after exposure to nitrogen dioxide.毫无疑问,旧风格的空气污染能杀死人:(A)这一系列的杀手雾,最终导致了英国议会通过了清洁空气法案限制

38、了燃烧的煤。(B)幸运的是,烟雾的影响对肺并非如此戏剧性的。【C/科学家现在已经做了一系列实验，让志愿者暴露于新鲜空气浓度很低在钢室几小时。】找到有一个可逆肺功能下降,增加肺部过敏和呼吸道炎症的证据。(D)虽然肺部过敏和肺部发炎特别出现在哮喘患者和其他肺部疾病人身上,这些效应的新鲜空气也发生在健康受试者身上。类似的变化也被认为在暴露于二氧化氮情形。第四套四、13. These findings challenge the assumption that people find it easier to getover a trauma even if they write about it.

39、Keeping a diary is bad for your health, say UK psychologists. (A) They- foundthat people who regularly keep diaries suffer from headaches, sleeplessness, digestiveproblems and social awkwardness more than people who dont. (These findingschallenge the assumption that people find it easier to get over

40、 a trauma even ifthey write about it.) The researchers asked the diarists recruited to say how often they made entries and for how long they had kept diaries. (C) Statistically, thediarists scored much worse on health measures than the non diarists.(D) The worstaffected of all were those who had wri

41、tten about trauma.记日记对你的健康有害，英国心理学家说。（A）他们发现那些经常保持写日记人遭受头痛,失眠,消化问题和社交尴尬更比不写日记的人多【 B/这些研究结果表明，人们发现它更容易获得创伤，如果他们把它写下来。】研究者要求写日记的人说他们经常多久保持写日记。（C）统计显示，写日记的人在健康指数上的得分比不写日记的人少。（D）受影响最严重的是那些写了关于创伤人。14. This knowledge has caused egg sales to drop in recent years, which in turnhas brought about the developm

42、ent of several alternatives to eating regular egg.Though they are an extensive supplier of vitamin, minerals and high-qualityprotein, eggs also contain a high level of blood cholesterol, one of the major causes ofheart disease.(A) One egg yolk, in fact, contains a little more than two-thirds of thec

43、holesterol the body needs daily. (B) Yet, the producers of these eggs claim that eatingtheir eggs will not raise the blood cholesterol all in human. (C) One alternative is toeat substitute eggs.(D) A second alternative to regular eggs is a new type of egg,sometimes called designer eggs.虽然他们是一个广泛的供应者

44、的维生素、矿物质和高质量的蛋白质, 蛋也含有高水平的心脏病主要原因之一血胆固醇。(A)一个蛋黄,事实上,包含有超过身体每天需要的三分之二的胆固醇。【B/这一知识已经引起了鸡蛋销售额下降近年来,从而带来了发展若干替代正常鸡蛋饮食】然而,这些鸡蛋的生产者声称吃了它们的蛋,就一定不会提高所有人的血液胆固醇。(C)方案之一是吃鸡蛋替代品。(D)第二个替代普通鸡蛋是一种新型的鸡蛋,有时被称为“设计”鸡蛋。15.Mehuioma is particular harmful because it can occur at a young age andthe tumor is hard to disting

45、uish from ordinary brown mole.Skin cancer is by far the most common cancer in the US.About l million peoplewill be diagnosed with the disease each year. (A) Skin cancer occurs when your skincells lose its capability to grow at its natural rate, and instead produces harmfultumors that can spread thro

46、ugh the body.(B) And sunburns cause damage to theskin, which can cause wrinkles in the future and even skin cancer.(C) Ultra violet rayis the determining factor which results in melanoma.(Melanlanoma is particularharmful because it can occur at a young age and the tumor is hard to distinguishfrom or

47、dinary brown mole.) Since 1973, melanoma has been increasing by 4percent each year.皮肤癌是目前最常见的癌症在美国。约百万人被诊断患有这种疾病每年 。（A）皮肤癌发生时，你的皮肤细胞失去其能力的增长在其自然率，相反是产生有害的肿瘤可以扩散到身体。（B）紫外线对皮肤造成损害，这可能会导致皱纹，甚至皮肤癌。（C）紫外线是导致黑色素瘤决定性因素。【D/黑素瘤是特别有害的因为它可以发生在一个年轻人得身上而且黑色素瘤是和普通褐色痣很难区分。】1973以来，黑素瘤已经以每年百分之四的增长。16、 Obesity is a w

48、orldwide phenomenon, affecting children as well as adultsand forcing all but the poorest countries to divert scarce resources away fromfood security to take care of people with preventable heart disease and diabetes.Here is a great irony of 21st century global health. (A) While hundreds ofmillions o

49、f people lack adequate food as a result of economic inequities, politicalcorruption or warfare, hundreds of millions more are overweight to the point ofincreased risk for diet-related chronic diseases .(B ) To reverse the obesity epidemic, we must address the fundamental cause.(C) Market economies t

50、urn people withexpendable income into consumers of aggressively marked foods that are high inenergy but low in nutritional value, and of cars, television sets and computers thatpromote sedentary behavior. (D) Overweight comes from consuming more foodenergy than is expended in activity.这里是对二十一世纪全球健康一

51、个伟大的讽刺。（A）因为经济不平等，政治腐败或战争，而导致亿万人缺乏足够的食物，其他数百万人却是超重与饮食有关慢性疾病风险增加。【B 肥胖是一个全球性的现象,影响儿童与成人。强制所有最贫穷国家稀缺资源转移减少,从食品安全到照顾患有可预防心脏病和糖尿病人】扭转肥胖，我们必须解决的根本原因。（C）市场经济体拥有不菲收入，积极标明食品的高能量低营养价值。汽车、电视机和电脑 ,促进久坐行为。（D）超重来自吸收的食品能量多，但是消耗的少。第五套四、.17. First-aid measures depend upon a victims needs and providers level ofknowl

52、edge and skill.First aid is emergency care for a victim of sudden illness or injury until more skillful medical treatment is available, (A) First aid may save a life or improvecertain vital signs including pulse, temperature, an unobstructed airway andbreathing.(B) Despite the variety of injuries po

53、ssible, several principles of the first aidapply to all emergencies. (C) First aid requires rapid assessment of victims todetermine whether life-threatening conditions exist. (D) Knowing what not to do in anemergency is as important as knowing what to.急救急救受害者突然生病或受伤，直到更有效的医疗治疗的环境下，（A）急救可以挽救生命或改善某些生命

54、体征包括脉搏，温度，一个通畅的气道和呼吸。 B急救措施取决于受害人的需要和提供者的知识和技能水平。】尽管可能各种的受伤，几个原则适用于所有突发急救事件。（C）急救需要快速评估的受害者来确定是否存在危及生命的疾病。（D）在紧急情况下知道什么不该做和什么是该做的是一样的重要。18. How can a drug that is apparently effective against tumors also reduce therisk of heart attack and stroke?A widely heralded but still experimental cancer-fighti

55、ng, compound may beused someday to prevent two other major killers of Americans: heart disease and stroke.(A) That was the implication of a remarkable report published last week in the journal Circulation by a team of researchers from Dr.Judah Folkmans laboratoryat the Childrens Hospital in Boston.

56、(How can a drug that is apparently effectiveagainst tumors also reduce the risk of heart attack and stroke?)The answer lies inthe composition of plaque, the fatty deposit .that builds up in arteries and caneventually clog them. （C) Plaque consists of a mix cholesterol white blood cells andsmooth mus

57、cle cells, and as it accumulates, a network of capillaries sprouts from theartery walls to nourish the cells. (D) When other scientists were initially unable toduplicate those results, questions arose about the validity of Folkmans research一个广为宣传但仍处于实验阶段的抗癌化合物有朝一日可能会用来防止威胁美国人生命的两大元凶:心脏病和中风。(A)这意味着一个

58、引人注目的报告上周公布在流通的期刊，在波士顿儿童医院犹大福克曼博士的实验室一个研究小组发布。【B 怎样制造能对肿瘤明显有效同时降低了心脏病发作和中风的风险药物呢?】答案在于栓塞的成分一种脂肪沉积。这样可以在最终阻塞动脉。 (C)斑块由胆固醇白血细胞和平滑的肌肉细胞混合构成,因为它的积累,毛细血管的网络从动脉壁细胞提供养分。(D)当其他科学家无法重复那些试验结果时,福克曼这项研究的正确性出现问题。19.Never ask a child whether he likes or dislikes a food and never discusslikes and dislikes in front

59、 of him or allow anybody else to do so .Most children with healthy appetites are ready to eat almost anything that isoffered them and a child rarely dislikes food unless it is badly cooked. (A) The way ameal is cooked and served is more important and an attractively served meal willoften improve a c

60、hilds appetite, (Never ask a child whether he likes or dislikes afood and never discuss likes and dislikes in front of him or allow anybody elseto do so .) If the father says he hates fat meat or the mother denies vegetables in thechilds hearing, he is likely to copy this procedure. (C) Nothing heal

61、thful should beomitted from the meal because of a supposed dislike: (D) Under no circumstancesmust a child be coaxed or forced to eat.大多数孩子有健康的胃口，给他们的孩子准备吃的东西几乎很少是他们不喜欢的食物，除非是做得不好。（A）一顿饭的烹调和服务更重要，一个有吸引力的餐服务通常会提高孩子的食欲 ,【B/不要问一个孩子是否喜欢或不喜欢食物，不在他面前讨论好恶或允许任何人这样做。】在孩子的讨论会上,如果父亲说他讨厌肥肉或母亲否认蔬菜，孩子也可能会这样做。（c）健

62、康会从令人讨厌的餐饮中丢失（D）在任何情况下都不要哄骗或强迫孩子吃。20. We can tell people apart not only by how they look but also by how they behave.Faces, like fingerprints, are unique. (A) Did you ever wonder how it ispossible for us to recognize people? (B) Even a very young child can learn torecognize faces, and we all take th

63、is ability for granted. (We can tell people apart notonly by how they look but also by how they behave.) When we talk about someonespersonality, we mean the ways in which she/he acts, speaks , thinks and feels thatmake that individual different from others. (D) Like the human face, humanpersonality

64、is very complex. But describing someones personality in words issomewhat easier than describing his face脸，像指纹一样，是独一无二的。（A）你永远不知道它是如何可能为我们认识的人？（B）即使是一个非常年轻的孩子能够学会辨认脸部，我们都认为这种能力是理所当然的。【C/我们可以告诉人们不仅是看他们相貌，也要看他们的表现如何】当我们谈论一个人的个性，我们指的是在她 /他的说话，思考和感觉行为方式，使个人区别于他人。（D）像人的脸一样，人的个性是很复杂的。但描述一个人的个性的语言比描述他的脸较容易第六套.(21) As a result, they determined that the positive i