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1、内江师范学院本科毕业论文ContentsAbstract.2Introduction .3I. Emily Dickinsons Family and Her Life (同上).3II. Emily Dickinsons Poems (同上).4A. Characteristics of Dickinsons Poems (二级标题段前段后空0行Times New Roman, 小四加粗).4B. Emily Dickinsons Style.4C. Themes of Dickinsons Poems.51. The Inner World (三级标题段前段后空0行Times New Ro

2、man, 小四号，不加粗).62. Death.63. Nature.64. God and Religion.75. Love.7III. Emily Dickinsons Love Poems and the Waiting Theme.7A. The Waiting Theme Delineated in Emily Dickinsons Love Poems.81. Beginning to Love Somebody.82. Waiting while Beginning to Love Somebody.93. Loving Somebody Passionately.94. Wa

3、iting for Somebody while Loving Him Passionately.105. Trying to Forget the Love.116. Waiting while Trying to Forget the Love.12B. The Waiting Theme in Feminist Criticism .12Conclusion(Times New Roman, 四号，加粗， 段前段后空0.5行).14Notes (同上).16Bibliography (同上).17Acknowledgements (同上).18Abstract: Santiago, th

4、e hero of America writer Ernest Hemingways most famous novel The Old Man and the Sea, is a lonely and self-respect old man. Through a long time wait he caught a giant fish, but he mast to endures the heart-breaking loss of it from the shakes mouth. The old man not just look at the shakes eat he fish

5、 hopelessly but he choose to fought against with them till the giant fish become a poor skeleton. He is a hero in spirit, a defeated but valiant man who has the courage to try again. Compared with the figures in other novels, Santiago has remarkable innovation, combined with the endless symbolic and

6、 philosophical significance. Santiago, a real hero. His is a true champion, because he realizes the significance of human existence.Key Words: Santiago；champion; old man；hero 摘要：圣地亚哥，欧内斯特.海明威著名小说老人与海当中的主人公。是一个孤独但又自尊的老渔夫。几多很长时间的失败终于钓到一条巨大的马林。但是又忍受巨大的痛苦让他的鱼消失在鲨鱼的口中，这个过程燃起了老人的斗志。他选择了战斗直到马林成了鱼骨架。他是精神上的英

7、雄，是一个打到依然有勇气再次战斗的勇士。和海明威其它小说的人物比较，圣地亚哥是一个值得注意的创新，有无尽的象征意义和哲学意义的结合。圣地亚哥，一个真正的英雄，以为他意识到人类存在的意义。关键词：圣地亚哥 冠军 渔夫 不败IntroductionErnest Hemingway was an American writer and journalist. He was good at creating “Code Heroes”. The image of code hero is the feature of Hemingways work, we can find it in each of

8、 his work, it can be a soldier, bull fighter hunter or a fisherman. “Man is not made to be defeated. You can destroy him, but cannot defeat him”（The Old Man and the Sea25) is the best known saying from Hemingway. During his life, he never stopped writing and has created many figures that Hemingway h

9、imself admired. They are a kind of hero who behaves gracefully under heavy pressure with dignity that was well received by the critics and readers. Santiago, who is the hero of The Old Man and the Sea, is the concentration of “Code Heroes”. The Old Man and the Sea is a short novel about an old Cuban

10、 fisherman, Santiago, battle with giant fish and big shakes. For eighty-four days Santiago does not catch a single fish but he does not feel discouraged. Therefore, the little boy who used to sell with him is forced to leave him and catch in another boat. The old man goes far out into the sea and ho

11、oks a giant marlin. A desperate struggle ensures in which Santiago manages to kill the fish and tie it to his boat, only to find that on the way home he has a more desperate struggle with other dangerous sharks, which eat up the marlin, leaving only a skeleton. The old fisherman brings it home and g

12、oes to bed to dream, almost dead with exhaustion. His struggle earns his much respect. Here in Santiago we see again the sprit of the noble, and Hemingway type of individualism. He keeps on fighting because he believes that “a man is not made for defeat, a man can be destroyed but not defeated.” How

13、ever, the old man eventually comes to the realization that in going far out alone, beyond all the people in the world. That he begins to experience a feeling of brotherhood and love not only for his fellowmen but also for his fellow creatures in nature is a convincing proof that Hemingways vision of

14、 the world has undergone profound change. Hemingways life and the background of The Old Man and the Sea Many people hold the opinion that there has been no American writer like Ernest Hemingway. Hemingway was born in the quiet town Chicago, on July 21. Hemingway spent the early part of his career as

15、 a journalist; he went to Spain to cover the Spanish Civil War for a Newspaper Alliance. In my eyes, I thought that the journalist experience influenced all of his works. He takes his many times to join in the war; it makes him become a cord hero which we can see it from his works. After he publishe

16、d the book “For Whom the Bell Tolls” he had ten years didnt write any works. During that time, he was called by the media that he could not write any good work again. The old man Santiago situation is in the same way as himself, the old man trough eighty four days never caught anything but he still

17、insisted. The Old man and the Sea tell us a story about an old fisherman in Cuba, he has no wife no child and he only lived with himself, and he is a solitary old man. The time when Hemingway lived in Cuba, he has a good friend which was a old fisherman. The old fisherman had to work too far out , h

18、e caught a big fish, but he was so far from the land that he cant take the fish back, the shakes eaten the big fish. Compared with the heroes in Hemingways other works, there are many new changes in the characterization of Santiago, most importantly; he is the man who can be destroyed but not defeat

19、ed. It can be seen clearly in The Old Man and the Sea. Santiago, the old fisherman, still dares to try, persists in doing the very best he can, and gets his success. He loses the battle with the big marlin and sharks, but he wins a really big victory for himself because he knows that he can fight we

20、ll and that he has the courage to try again. His is the hero like Hemingway himself.II. The Old Man and the Sea A. Santiago El Campen 1. Portrait of the Old ManEl Campen is Spanish it means the champion; it was showed twice at the book The Old Man and the Sea. At the beginning of the novel, Hemingwa

21、y does not tell us the name of the hero. But just says that an old fisherman has not caught a fish for eight-four days. This is a long time for a fisherman to catch no fish. A big point is that most of the men in the village often make joke on him, and even do not regard him as a real fisherman. It

22、seems like he cant cough any fish because he is too old now be either a real fisherman or a real man. He is useless, and whats more important he is unlucky. For this reason, he is somewhat of an outcast on the village. Santiago knows that how the other fishermen said about him, he never defeat for h

23、imself. He remembered a tiny thing when he is young; he played the hand game with a Negro who is the strongest man on the wharf. Through a hard day and night he finally defeated the black man, since then the people around him began to call him The Champion. After that he decided to be a person could

24、 beat anyone if he wanted to badly enough and he decided that no matter what happen he would never give up. From here, we can see that the old mans resolution to do whatever things which he want to do. No matter what funs made on him, he is not angry. He knows what he should do and what he is doing.

25、 Santiago has many years of practical knowledge about fishing and about the sea and he has practiced self-discipline for many years. They sat on the Terrace and many of the fishermen made fun of the old man and he was not angry. Others, of the older fishermen, looked at him and were sad. (The Old Ma

26、n and the Sea 4) The child want to give a beer on the Terrace with the old man, where have many others, who almost younger than the old man and have successful on fishing. So they often make joke on him, and even do not regard him as a fisherman. They believe in a code which is based on fate; the fa

27、te, which seems denied fish to the old man because he is too old now to be either a real fisherman or a real man. He known he was a real man a fisherman so he will try again to prove it, he said to the boy that eighty five is a lucky number; he will bring a fish that dressed out over a thousand poun

28、ds. No one can make him to give up his fate, he is a good fisherman. “I may not be as strong as I think,” the old man said “But I know many tricks and I have resolution.”(The Old Man and the Sea 22) From Hemingways work wan see Santiagos optimistic nature. Hemingway is not only emphasizing Santiagos

29、 age to show that he is indeed old and worn; he is also a man worth writing. He seems to witness an old fisherman who is winding from the sun in the sea, but also highlight the special characteristic of most fisherman-scarred hands. Although it is not a vivid picture of the old fisherman, we can see

30、 his old. However, we can see his firmness rather than his old from his eyes. Santiago bears a lot of scars and the scars are not fresh. But Hemingway does not consider Santiagos scars as disfigurement. Scars are marks of honor, emblem of triumph. No matter from his appearance or heart, he is strong

31、 and is ready to go to sea. In spite of misfortune, the old man retains the will and the courage to continue and try what he believes.2. The Old Man and the Little Boy At the beginning of the book, Hemingway tells us there was a boy who followed the old man at the first forty days. The little child

32、has learnt fishing skills following the old man when he was only 5 years old. And now the old man is at low ebb in his life and trapped by bad luck, but the boy leaves him and gets a great success in another boat. If this happens on others, even they do not hate the boy; there will be an unbalance i

33、n their heart. But the old man shows his broad mind and understanding. When the little boy leaves him at his parents order and catches another boat, the old man says:“ I know, it quite normal.” Having no result after three days hard working but when he is told that the boy has harvest every day in t

34、hese days, however, he does not feel any unpleasant at all. The little boy also worries about if the old man has become over-sensitive in such an embarrass situation. Therefore, he asks tentatively whether the old man is willing to drink a cup of bear with him or not. And the old man agreed：“why not

35、?” “Between fishermen” While they are drinking, many fishermen laugh at the old man, but he does not angry,. After drinking, the old man thanks for the bear and give a worm smile to the boy. “You are already a man.”the little boy smile too. The boy was as asleep on a co in the first room and the old

36、 man could see him clearly with the light that came in from the dying moon. He took hold of one foot gently and held it until the boy woke and turned and looked at him? (The Old Man and the Sea 26) Although the boy is young, he is not boyish. He learns the fishing skills, also inherits the spirit of

37、 the self-esteem and self-reliant from the old man. After several years living with the old man, he has understood the hardship of life and the duty of a man. So some critics point out: the figures written by Hemingway all go to the old way-exploration, loneliness, the result is a dead end. But this

38、 pattern change in The Old Man and the Sea; the old man not only has a follow but also can find the support of the boy. And the return of the boy id his new starting-the boy becomes more and more mature in the fluencies of the old mans heroic spirit. In some way, the little boy and the old man symbo

39、lized the youth and the elderly of the human. In the old mans subconscious, the child is another stage of his life. Because it is impossible for a person to dream two stages of himself in one dream, so though the boy stays with him all day, he never dreams the boy. The old man returns from the sea e

40、xhausted and ragged both in physically and mentally, enduring all kinds of hardships and difficulties in three days, he catches a big fish which has a special meaning for him, unfortunately, the big fish is gnawed by sharks and left a pair of huge skeleton. The victory gains nothing. But the boys ey

41、es do not stay on the pale skeleton only, he smile to the old man and said ,“he didnt beat you. Not the fish.” Both of them are “code hero” They both think fishing is more than an occupation. For them, fishing is not merely a way of making money, but also a way of life.3. At SeaShe is kind and very

42、beautiful. But she can be so cruel and it comes so suddenly and such birds that fly, dipping and hunting, with their small sad voices are made too delicately for the sea. (The Old Man and the Sea 30)In the dark the old man feel the morning coming and heard the voices of the flying fish or the birds

43、in the darkness. He can hear the sound of the other boats moving out, but he cannot see them. It needs great courage to voyage out alone in darkness, because there are many uncertain things at sea. And the old man has the courage and he has experience. He is alone and he knows that he is going “far

44、out”. Other fishermen fish in teams, but not Santiago. For many days now, he has fished alone. Now he leaves once again, alone. If no one else believes in him, he himself does and he is off to catch great fish because he knows that he can do it. Santiago is a master craftsman. He is only dependent o

45、n himself. While the other fishermen use motorboats, Santiago uses his skiff. While the other fishermen have many workers and helpers to hold several lines; Santiago has three lines all operated by he own hand. He is an expert; he goes much farther out than the other fisherman and casts bait in much

46、 deeper water. Because he knows the waters and the movements of the fish, he has a better chance of catching the fish. He has skill and he applies it in order to succeed. He is a master craftsman not only through his skill, but also through his determination. Santiago is a man who is accustomed to l

47、iving in uncomfortable and, to most of us, primitive surroundings.He knows that the sea is cruel and very changeable, he thought of the sea as la mar which is the people call her in Spanish, they love her. He always thought of her as feminine and as something that gives or withheld great favors, he

48、takes the sea as some women he loved. “If she did wild or wicked things it was because she could not help them. The moon affects her as it does a women, he thought.”(The Old Man and the Sea 32) He knows the sea so he dont afraid of her, her give him the courage to fight alone. Because he knows the w

49、aters and the movements of the fish, he has a better chance of catching the fish. Hemingway writes a lot of time that when the old man fined nobody except himself. He looked across the sea an knew how alone he was now. He is lonely like the sea, he put his hands in the sea to relieve his pain in his

50、 hands, he hoped the sea can give him courage to fight against with the big fish. When he caught a dolphin he slid the carcass of the dolphin overboard and looked to see if there was any swirl in the water. He knew the swirl means the big fish was tired and he had the chance to catch him. He was bor

51、n to be a fisherman as the fish was born to be a fish. Because the company of the sea he knew no man was ever alone on the sea. At sea, Santiago has a habit of talking aloud to himself. Others may think that he is crazy, but he knows he is not. It is a way to express his feelings, thoughts, private

52、dreams, and reminiscence in s spontaneous and interesting manner. Everybody at sea alone may feel lonely too. By nature, fishermen are usually talked little, but Santiago is an exception when he is alone. In fact, when he is alone, he is almost loquacious. He knows how to express his feeling. He cho

53、oses to speak to himself. He trusts himself.B. The main animals with the old man in The Old Man and the Sea1. The Old Man and the big fish At sea, after a long time waiting, a fish got hooked. But the fish is not willing to jump out of the water so the old man can do nothing till half day has gone.

54、The marlin is strong, weighs over 1500 pounds, and is determined. Santiago struggle with it until his hands are cut and bleeding; his vision blurs and he feels dizzy. Yet he stays with the fish. Just as he says, “Ill stay with you until I am dead.”(The Old Man and the Sea 69) No matter how strong th

55、e fish is, the old man will never give up. That is Santiago.But the relationship between Santiago and the fish is not simple. Santiago has sympathy and a strange appreciation for the marlin. Marlins, to him, are representative of truth and of nature. Both of the old man and the marlin made choices.

56、The old mans choice,“ was to go there to find him beyond all people. Beyond all people in the world”.“Now we are joined together and have been since noon. And no one to help either one of us.”（The Old Man and the Sea 49) The old man is as lonely and isolated as the fish, the fish is also lonely and

57、isolated as the old fisherman. On the first day, Santiago speaks to the big fish, “Fish,” he said, “I love you and respect you very much. But I will kill you dead before this day ends.”(The Old Man and the Sea 64) “I can do nothing with him and he can do nothing with me,” he thought “Not as long as

58、he keeps this up.”(The Old Man and the Sea 54) The old man is as lonely and isolated as the fish; and the fish is also lonely and isolated as the old man. Their fates run parallel; and their life and death struggle intensifies their common. He loved the fish so much because he thought the fish has t

59、hought like him, he respects him, he takes the fish as his brother in nature, as he best friends. Finally, he killed the fish, the way how to took his fish go home was bother him. He thought that would be made the fish happy if they sailing together side by side. He thought it is the way to make the

60、 fish feel more honor by the way like the fish take him to go home, he only better the fish through trickery and the fish never do anything to hurt him. From the fish, he knows that he is a true man, a real fisherman. Just as Gary Carey wrote, “He fights with dignity, against great odds, and though

61、he losses the marlin, he survives and wins a moral victory for himself by daring the sea and the great fish. The fullest expression of his courage and his strength are tested-and are triumphant.”32. The Old Man and the Sharks Because of the blood of the big fish, sharks are coming. They come one by

62、one, like never end. The old man, Santiago is determined to fight against the sharks until the end. He tries his best to fight with the sharks. He didnt care his bleeding hands just took out of the harpoon, the oars or the short club to against with the sharks. At lost, although the meet of the fish is tore away, there is nothing that can destroy his will; in his final defeat, he apologizes to the fish for going out too far. Hemingway seems to be saying that there are certain limits which man must stay within and when he ventures out be