情态动词只有情态意义

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1、情态动词只有情态意义，即它所表示的是说话人对动作的观点，如需要、可能、 意愿或怀疑等。情态动词的特征：1. 在形式上，情态动词没有实义动词的各种变化。2. 在意义上，大多数情态动词有多个意义。3. 在用法上，情态动词与助动词一样，须后接动词原形。 情态动词各自的基本意义及用法一、can 与 could 用法对比表对比点 can could1 、表“能力” Can you lift this heavy box? I couldnt understand whathe said at all.2 、表“许可” You can use a different material instead. H

2、e said I could borrow his bike.3 、“怀疑” No, no, it can t be true.What on earth can this mean? We thought the story could not betrue. How could you be so careless?4 、can 与 be able to 区别 1. could 代替 can ，表示语气更为婉转。 Eg. Could I use your bike? Yes, you can.2. can （ 能够 ）=be able to（ 仅表能力时 ），但 be able to 表示

3、一番努力后， 才能做得到，且有更多的时态。He was a good swimmer, so he swim to the river bank when the boat sank.A. could B. might C. shall D. was able to二、may 与 might 用法对比表对比点 may Might1 .表“询问”May I ？(=Can I ?) Might I ？(=Could I ？)(但比用 may 更客气 )2. 表“允许” You may take the boy there. He told me he mightcome .(might 与 tol

4、d 相呼应 )3. 表“可能”“或许” She may nor like this place. Im afraid he might not like this play.注： 1. May I ?的答语。2. may 可表示期望或祝愿May you succeed !3. may (might) 用于目的状语从句中 肯定： Yes, you may.否定： No, you mustn t 不行(语气强硬)No, you may not 或 No, you d better not.The emperor gave them some gold in order that they migh

5、t begin their work at once.三、must与have to 的用法对比表对比点 must have to1表“必须” （主观看法）必须；没有过去式，可用于间接引语中。 He told me I must do according to what he said. （客观需要）不得不，有多种时 态。It s raining heavily, we can t go now.2. 疑问句Must I ?Yes, you must. （一定）No, you needn t./ you don thave to.（ 不必） Do you have to go today?Yes

6、, we do.否定句： You don t have to worry about that.四、need 与 dare 的用法对比表对比点 need dare1. 情态动词 +动词原形1）否定式2 ）疑问式 He need not （needn t）go.Need we do it again?-No, you needn t do it again. He dare not say so.Dare she go out alone at night?How dare you say I m unfair?If he dare do that, he ll be punished.（ 条件

7、句 ）I dare say.（ 固定用法 ）2. 行为动词 +带 to 不定式1 ）肯定式2 ）否定式3 ）疑问式 He needs to go.He doesn t （does not）need to go.Does he need to do it again?No, he doesn t need ot do it again. He dares to say.He does not（doesn t）dare to say.If you dare to jump into the water from here, so dare I .3. did not need to do表示过去没

8、有必要做 She didn t need to attend the meetingyesterday, and she stayed with her children.（她没有参加 ）五、should 与 ought to 用法对比表对比点 should ought to1 、表“应该” 表劝告、建议You should listen to the doctors advice.We should learn from Zhang Hua 表示“有责任有必要”做某事You ought to finish your work before you go home.We ought to he

9、lp each other.2、表“估计”They should get home by now.表示“非常可能”的事，可译为“总应、亠该”If we start to work right now, we ought to finish it before lunch.（午饭前应当能干完 ）注： 1）、 should 还可在虚拟语气中的使用2) . 注意： ought to 的疑问式及否定式Ought he to go? Yes, I think he ought to.No, he oughtn t to.否定式： ought not to a 或 oughtn t to do( 不说 o

10、ught to not do) 反疑问句： oughtn t ?六、shall 与 will 的用法对比表shall Will1. 征询对方意见或请求指示，用于第一、三人称：Shall I (we)?Shall he (she)?Where shall I (we)wait for you? 1 询问对方的意思或向对方提出要求：Will you(please) ? Won t you ?Would you like to ?(用 would 替代 will 更客气 )Won t you go and see the film?你不去看电影吗？ -Yes, I think I will. 不，

11、我想去。2. 表示说话人的“意愿”有“命令”“警告”“强制”“允诺”“决心” 等，用于第二、三人称，要重读。You shall do what I tell you ( to do). 我叫你干什么你就干什么。Everything shall be done to save the ship. 一定要竭尽全力来拯救这艘船。 表示“意志”“意愿”，用于各种人称：t like.I won t do anything you don我不会做任何你不喜欢的事Would 表示过去时间的“意志”“意愿”Shylock would not take the money earlier. 夏洛克先前是不肯要钱

12、的。七： used to 与 would 用法对比表used to would1.表示过去的动作、状态，重在与现在情况的对比，不一定要有时间状语。I used to play cards a lot, but now I seldom play.My hometown is not what it used to be. 1. 只表示过去动作的重复，有 明确的时间状语I would go to see my grandfather on Sunday when he was in the middle school.2.would 后只接表动作的动词，不接表认识或状态动词He used to

13、be nervous in the exam.2.表示过去的习惯有时可互换：When we were very young, we used to / would go skating every winter.2. 表示过去的次数时，不能使用：( V) We went to the Great Wall five times when we were young.( X ) We used to go / would go to the Great Wall five times when we were young.注：used to do 的否定式：usedn t to do 或 did

14、n t use to do (usedn t 也可写作 usen t）疑问式： Did you use to do ? Didn t you use to do?Used you to do? Usedn t you to do?情态动词表推测情态动词表推测的意义：1 、大多数情态动词（除表能力、许可、意志外），都可以表示推测，其程度有差异。按其可能性程度的高低排列为：Must will would ought to should can could may might肯定 完全可能 很可能 可能 有可能2. 注意区分情态动词的否定的含义：may not 或许不、可能不 might not 可

15、能不 can t 不可能mustn t 不许、禁止 shouldn t 不应该 needn t 不必3. 情态动词表推测具体运用：情态动词可以对现在、进行、过去推测S 主+情态动词 +be+adj 对“性质”“特征”的推测S 主+情态动词 +be+n 对“职业”“事物”的推测S 主+情态动词 +V 原 对经常性行为的推测S 主+情态动词 +be+V-ing 对进行着的行为的推测S 主+情态动词 +have+PP 对过去的行为的推测特别提醒：情态动词表推测时1 、 can 只能用于否定句和疑问句2、 must 只能用于肯定句（它的否定句和疑问句其实就用 can 来代替了）3 、 如句中有情态动词

16、 + 完成时，定是对过去的推测4 、 句中如有表示不肯定的话语，如： I am not sure; I don t know 之 类，常选 may /might 的各种形式4. 记住下面几组表示反劝的特殊的表推测的形式1). could + have + PP 表示本来能做到，但事实上没有做到。 He could have finished the task on time, but the heavy snow came.2). couldn t +have + PP 表示本来不能做到， 但已经做到了。 She could not have covered the whole distanc

17、e, but in fact she arrived ahead of time.3) needn t + have + pp 表示本不必做的，但已经做到了。 She needn t have attended the meeting yesterday, but she did.4. ) should/ought to +have + PP表示 该做而没有做 The plant is dead.I should/ought to have given ot more water.5) shouldn t/ oughtn t to +have + PP 表示 不该做而做了。 You ought

18、n t to / shouldn t have taken her bike without permission.5. 记住下面对比：must 只能用于肯定句(它的否定句和疑问句其实就用 can 来代替了)1.must + have + PP 表示对过去肯定的推测，译为“一定是，准是” The road is wet. It must have rained yesterday.2.can + have + PP 表示对过去的推测 (限于问句中) Can she have said so? 他可能这样说吗？3. can t + have + PP 表示对过去的否定推测 He cannot h

19、ave saidsuch a foolish thing.情态动词表推测的反意疑问句 情态动词表推测的反意疑问句，简单来说，就是以情态动词后的时态为淮， 如句子里有明确的时间状语，则以其为准。以 must 为例：eg. 1. You must be hungry now, arent you?2. He must be watching TV , isn t he ?3 Tom must have lived her for a long time, hasn t he ?4. She must have arrived yesterday, didn t she?注：如选择题中(以 She must have arrived yesterday, didnt she ？为例)既有 didn t she 又有 hasn t she 则以 didn t she ？为最佳答案