六年级名词专题一

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1、小升初精英班名词与介词专题名词一、可数名词与不可数名词的区别可数名词：表示可以按个数计算的的人或事物，如：worker, farmer, desk, factory 等。 不可数名词：表示不能按个数来计算的的事物，如meat, rice, water, milk, orange 等；以及表示动作、状态等抽象概念的单词，如work, homework, time, health等。二、关于可数名词可数名词有单数和复数两种形式，名词由单数形式变成复数形式的规则如下：情况加法例词一般情况加sbrothers; schools以s, x, ch, sh,结尾的词加esbuses; watches; d

2、ishes以辅音y结尾的词把y改为i，加esladies; countries以辅音+o 结尾的词多数加sphotos; kangaroos以f或fe结尾的词把f/fe改成vesleaves; knives 以o结尾的名词，分两种情况：（1）有生命的，单数变复数时加es。hero, mango, potato, tomato（2）没有生命的,如zoo，piano，单数变复数时直接加s。三、不规则名词1.不规则名词单复数变化（1）单复数同形:sheep, deer, fish（2）改变字母：man -men, woman -women, foot -feet, tooth -teeth, goo

3、se -geese, mouse mice （3）增加字母: child -children, ox -oxen2.关于国籍的名词单复数变化： Chinese Chinese Japanese Japanese EnglishmanEnglishmen Frenchman Frenchmen American Americans German Germans3.关于货币的名词单复数变化：美元： dollar dollars 人民币：yuan yuan 四、关于不可数名词（1）不可数名词没有复数，当它作句子的主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。如：The food is very fresh.食品很新

4、鲜。 （2）有的不可数名词也可以作可数名词，有复数形式，但他们的意义往往发生变化。如：water (水) waters (水域)fish（鱼） fishes（各种各样的鱼）四、合成名词的复数形式： 含boy, girl, lady等的合成的名词，它们始终为单数，其后的名词则用复数形式。如：boy students, girl friends。 含man，woman的合成名词，它们随其后名词单复数的变化而变化。如：a man doctor, two men doctors。 练一练：一、用所给名词的适当形式填空。 1. How many_(sheep) are there on the hill

5、?2. There is some_(food) in the basket.3. The baby has only two_(tooth) now.4. There is a lot of_(water) in the bottle.5. There are five_(people ) in his family.6. Lets take_(photo), OK?7. I have lots of_(tomato) here.8. The_(leaf) on the tree turn-yellow.9. The_(child) are playing games on the play

6、ground now.10. Their_(dictionary) look new.五、名词所有格1.s型用法（有生命的所有格）有生命的所有格，用s。如：李平的自行车Li pings bike （1）表示两者共同拥有的人或物（共有）时，只需要后一个名词加s（或）即可。如果表示两者各自的所属关系（各自所有），则每个名词词尾都加上s（或）。例如：Tom and Marys father （两人同一个父亲） Toms and Marys fathers （指Tom和Mary各自的父亲）（2）表某人家，店铺名称，常省去所有格后的名词at my uncles at the tailors（3）表示时间

7、，距离，集体，城市，国家，团体，机构等 todays newspaper ten minutes walk2.of 型（无生命名词所有格）（1）房间的窗户the window of the room我们学校的学生the students of our school（2）双重属格： 既有s的属格，又有of的属格。通常s属格表示所有关系，of属格表示部分与整体的关系。如: a friend of my fathers; a book of Toms练一练：二、选择填空。1-Hows Joys skirt? -Her skirt is more beautiful than _.A. her sis

8、ters and Kate B. her sister and Kate C. her sister and KatesD. her sisters and Kates 2Do you hear the _report? A. policemen B. policemens C. policemens D. policemens3Its about _walk from my home. A. ten minute B. ten minutes C. ten minutes D. ten minutes 4This is my dress. That one is _. A. Mary B.

9、Marys C. sister D. mother5Every morning Mr. Smith takes a _ to his office. A. 20 minutes walkB. 20 minutes walk C. 20-minutes walkD. 20-minute walk6My father will have a _ holiday next month. Hell take me to Qingdao.A. ten days B. ten days C. ten-daysD. ten days7Where have you been these days? I hav

10、e been to Bei Daihe with a friend _.A. in Chinese B. of Japan C. of Americans D. from Canada8Whose bike is it ? Its _.A. John B. Johns C. Johns D. Johns三、用所给词的适当形式填空：1.March 8th is _Day. (woman).2.Taking twenty _(分钟) exercise every day is good for your health.3.The shop sells _(妇女) handbags. 4.Teach

11、ers in western countries have a _(三个月的) holiday in a year.5. Ill give my English teacher a card for _Day. (teacher)6. Its only ten _walk from the station to the hotel. (minute)7. Its an _(hour) ride from here to the museum.介词一、常用介词at, in与on在时间方面的用法 ：1.at表示时间的一点，后常接几点几分，中午。如：at five oclock （五点），at no

12、on （中午），at midnight （半夜）。2. in表示一个时期，后常接年，月，日期，上午，下午，晚上，白天，季节，世纪等。如：in 2006（2006年） in the morning （上午） in spring （春季）。 3. on表示特殊日子，后常接某月某日，星期几，某日或某周日的早上、下午及晚上，节日。如： on Sunday （星期日）， on New Years Day （新年）， on New Years Eve （除夕）二、我们常用的方位介词有： in 在.内部；在.里面on在某物的上面，两者互相接触。over 在某物的上方，两者互相不接触。under 在某物垂直的

13、正下方behind 在某物体的后面near 在某物体的附近beside 在旁边in front of在.的前面，与behind相反。三、此外，还有学过的常用介词如下：（1）表示方式： with，by,如：She wrote the letter with a pencil. 她用铅笔写那封信。I go to school by bike. （2）表示原因：for，because of We must start early, for it will take two hours to drive to the airport. Because of the storm he didnt go

14、there(3)表示属性：ofMr. Brown is a friend of mine四、我们目前学过带有介词的短语： agree with 同意 a lot of 许多、很多 ask for 要求 be good at 擅长于 by the way 顺便问一下 catch up with 追上 come from 来自 do well in 擅长于（相当于be good at） get on well with 和相处得好 get to 到达 have been to 到过 Help yourself to 请随便 one of 之一 on foot 步行 on holiday 度假中 p

15、refer to 比更喜欢 too to 太以致不能练一练：四、选用括号内恰当的介词填空。（1)Christmas is _ ( at, on, in ) the 25th of December.（2) The man_ ( with, on, in ) black is Su Hais father.（3) He doesnt do well _ ( at, on, in ) PE.（4) We are going to meet _ ( at, on, in ) the bus stop_ ( at, on, in ) half past ten.（5) Is there a cat _

16、 ( under, behind, in ) the door?（6) Helens writing paper is _ ( in, in front of ) her computer.（7) We live _ ( at, on, in ) a new house now.（8) Does it often rain _ ( at, on, in ) spring there?五、用适当的介词填空 1. The man （ ） blue is Jacks father. 2. Who the girl （ ） small mouth? 3. You shouldnt walk （ ） t

17、he grass. 4. Lets hurry, were late （ ） the class. 5. Can you read the number （ ） one （ ） ten?一1. sheep 2. food 3. teeth 4. water 5. people 6. photos 7. tomatoes 8. leaves 9. children 10. dictionaries 二、DBBBDBDB三、1.Womens 2. minutes 3. womens 4. three months 5. Teachers 6. minutes 7. hours四、(1)on (2)

18、in (3)in (4)at, at (5)behind (6)in front of (7)in (8)in五、1.in2. with3. on4. for5. from, to一1. sheep 2. food 3. teeth 4. water 5. people 6. photos 7. tomatoes 8. leaves 9. children 10. dictionaries 二、DBBBDBDB三、1.Womens 2. minutes 3. womens 4. three months 5. Teachers 6. minutes 7. hours四、(1)on (2)in (3)in (4)at, at (5)behind (6)in front of (7)in (8)in五、1.in2. with3. on4. for5. from, to