英语专业毕业论文TheLinguisticCharacteristicsofAdvertisingEnglish

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1、IntroductionWith the development of international communication, translation has played an important role in our society, so when we are choosing the translation standard, we should consider lots of social factors. The purpose of the research is very valuable. So we do the research to find the influ

2、ence on choosing the translation standard so that help us understand the social factors affected the translation in the world perfectly.In our society, there are many experts who have explored the field, thats to say, this thesis has a big significance to give a research. Therefore this paper based

3、on the previous studies, intends to give more understanding to this subject study. In details, by giving the definition of translation, social factors and translation standard, we will attain better comprehension about the translation, the social factors and the translation standard. Then this paper

4、 will connect the relationship between them and discuss some influence on choosing translation standard. In brief, it intend to research into the culture factors influence on choosing the translation standard and aim to prove the cultural difference in translation. The most important is that it will

5、 provide some interesting examples to display the validity and to spring the influence on choosing translation standard and create a special beauty. So this paper can give a fresh impulse to continuous study in the research of the influence on choosing translation standard.From the related materials

6、, the thesis has gotten a brief understanding about the translation and social factors that forms a considerable part of language. And linguistic translation is one of the most important part in international communication, although great success has been achieved in the research of this thesis, dur

7、ing recent years, which regards as a topic of interest in different field, its use in translation has been achieved more attention.The theory of “faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance is the footstone in Chinese translation theory” the give us a standard to obey (Yanfu, 1912).According to Yanfus

8、 study, “faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance are the highest standard in translation” In my opinion, there are a lot of factors will affect the translation standard. In the natural world, the cultural factor is one of the most influential factors. In the world, there are several kinds of the d

9、efinition of the translation standard. it will make clear the definition of the translation standard of language in this paper. For example, the founder of translation theory Yanfu gave his translation theory. He holds the opinion that we should obey the criterion of faithfulness, expressiveness and

10、 elegance when we are translating any stuff, rather than depending on our own wishes. As Nida considered translation as “translation consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of styl

11、e”. The two authors have some similarity with the definition. However, translation is increasingly acquiring gravity and attention. To sum up, there are still many literature reviews related to the influence of social factors on choosing translation standard, and here this paper just choose some mos

12、t representative ones among them. However, no matter from whatever kind of perspective, we can discussion the most influential factors, and then we can find the interest of surveying. So the whole thesis consists of four parts to introduce the influence of social factors on choosing translation stan

13、dardChapter One The view of translation definitionThere are narrow and broad translation criteria. The narrow one refers to that the translator should follow some rules when they do some translation activities, such as Yanfus principles of faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance; and broad one ref

14、ers to some translation methods and some standards that the reader judge the quality of an article. It also includes the use of literal translation and free translation, domestication and alienation. The selection of translation standards is a complex problem, not only it involves the social factors

15、 of the translation activity, and the background, but also with the translators personality, ability, personal factors on life. Due to generally existing personal difference, even though translators live in the same age, the same area, it also can have the completely different translation standards,

16、 thus in the research of translation standards, its impossible to try to include all the translators and standards, and its also unnecessary. This paper will discuss the translation of specific historical period and particular social conditions when translation activities happen in a generalized sel

17、ection of translation standards.1. The definition of translation1.1 General definition 1.1.1 Citing: to express the meaning of a language in another kind of language 1.1.2 The Oxford English dictionary: to change the meaning from one language into another language change under reserving the original

18、 meaning. 1.1.3 The modern French Canon: from one language into another language1.2 Literature definition 1.2.1 literature translation From the Angle of literary translation, the explanation is that translation is a form of art creation, emphasize the creative function of language, its particular ab

19、out the artistic effect, literary translation try to convey all intentions by artistic effect in order to impact readers thoughts, feelings. 1.2.2 MAO dun: literary translation is that using another language to convey artistic conception of the original. 1.2.3 Translation is a creative activity whic

20、h transfers the contents and artist style from one language to another language exactly.1.3 Linguistics definition1.3.1 Catford:Translation is a kind of language that changing the source language text into another target language text.1.3.2 BarrHuDarove: translation is a language product which is un

21、der the invariable condition change into another language product (in another word to distinguish langue and parole.1.3.3 Federove Translation theory summary: translation is one language to another language in which content and form are inseparable in the unity expressed in the things that have been

22、 accurately and full expressed.1.3.4 Nida: From the semantic style to reproduce the source language information in the language which is the closest natural and equivalent language.1.4 Other definition1.4.1 Fan zhongyings practical translation tutorial: translation is a kind of language information

23、expressed by another language, making the readers can get the authors original ideas, get the same feelings as the author does. 1.4.2 Zhangjins the principles of literary translation: translation is the communication process and communication tool between two languages, its purpose is to promote the

24、 political, economic and cultural progress in this language society, its task is to put the logic image and artistic image in real world move from one language to another language intact. Overall, language school and information school emphasize conversion process that the discourse or information.

25、Art school emphasize the recreate of artistic conception, its focus is in literary translation while did not pay attention to the literature translation.Translation is a practical activity which reappear the content, the form and style faithful, smooth from one language to another language (words an

26、d thoughts).No matter how to define, interpreters must pass the procedures: understanding, transfer, restructuring/expression, testing.Chapter2 Inevitability influenced by social factors in translationEveryone lives in a certain social historical condition. As the people live in a society, its thoug

27、ht, language, behavior all marked deeply in the society and era he lives. Translators have no exception. And the translation standard as the guiding principle for translator to engage in translation activities and to evaluate the quality of the version, it will also be influenced by the society. Thi

28、s mainly manifest in the following aspects.2.1 Translation purpose always service for the certain social class and the class requirements will affect the selection of translators translation standard.There is no class in the translation work, it is able to service everyone who masters it, but the tr

29、anslators are always in a certain social class, and the translation activities with a certain purpose, and shall satisfy himself or the support of social class membership the needs of reading translated works. Therefore, the translation activity of translator always put the tastes and needs of the c

30、lass as an important factor in establishing standards. For example: the Buddhist translator of the Three Kingdoms Period ZhiQian Taoist Metaphysics to blend into the translation to go with the text of the original Lai briefly paraphrase the language to suit the ruling class at that time and the gods

31、 of the flowery language of surgery-loving party to facilitate the spread of Buddhism; Yan Fu reason for making the letter, and Elegance, the translation of the standard, although the reasons for their understanding, but its fundamental purpose is to Huxley, Adam Smith, Montesquieu and others, put o

32、n Modern Thought Hanwords before the law, the coat, investment Qing literati appeal to their preferences in order to attract their attention to new ideas.2.2 The culture of source language and target language with different status will effect the selection of translation standards.Ethnic culture in

33、the process of interaction of the position is not equal. Political, economic or military dominance on the national culture in communication often have advantage, and weaker national culture is in exchange disadvantage. Due to the strong ethnic and national minorities when the national culture in an

34、attitude is different, the translator on process often to consciously to bring strong national cultural translation, language characteristic to please the reader.In choosing translation standards of the culture of the disadvantaged, the translator translating into strong culture literary works, ofte

35、n using domestication approach, and the works in the strong culture disadvantaged culture through translation alienation technique is adopted. In the third century BC, powerful Roman although military conquered Greece but had to learn to Greece by translation of culture. Proud Roman from think more

36、remarkable than the greeks, and to the Greek literature as a trophies arbitrary dismemberment, adopted a in the translation with the original competition practice, trying to create better than the original translation.Investigation of the United States and Britain, it is not hard to find trough from

37、 Britain and the United States in political and economic aspects in the world have a lead and its cultural status is also climbs in British and American literature translation, since it rarely take alienation gimmick, mostly use domestication means the literary works to other culture into the Britis

38、h and American culture values, catering to the general reader and most commentators needs. Pound (t. Pond) translation of Chinese tang poetry and hawk Hawks, (D. a dream of red mansions) translation is the best example. In contrast, political and economic development are relatively backward former c

39、olonies and semi-colonies nation in translation powerful culture literary works exhibited obvious when the alienation tendency.Such as Egypt in literary translation into colonies before adopted a more, namely free translation; translation of domestication After entering the colonial period, with cul

40、tural split personality appear, literary translation gradually adopted the alienation of the western translation , imposed on classics above our culture, and dont doubt such replacement western value system of the correctness of the practice ; In colonial times, despite political has obtained indepe

41、ndence, in the culture of trying to get rid of attachment status in literary translation, but respect or multi-purpose alienation strategy.2.3 The progress of social science and natural science promote the development of translation practice and theory and affect the choice of translation standard.T

42、ranslation is the essence of a build in philosophy, linguistics, literature and art, anthropology, psychology, communication, semiotics multidisciplinary across languages, on the basis of cross-cultural comprehensive art creation activities. Every step of human cognitive ability enhancement, to the

43、development of translation practice and theory will be a more or less stimulative effect, and understanding ability the enhancement is the demand of social development as the prerequisite.The 20th century art school, language school, communication school, symbols school, interpretation school wide v

44、ariety of translation theory, such as the emergence of philosophy, linguistics, relies on information communication, social and natural scientific development and perfection, and these subjects only in certain social historical conditions will exist and developed, they produce is not accidental. Dur

45、ing the late 19th and 20th century, in the previous capitalist society productivity gain considerable development, international trade flourished, powers for world hegemony between the struggle in the colonies and the establishment of the international organizations to promote the development of int

46、ernational politics.In order to meet the demand of social development, linguistics, anthropology, communication, information, and other disciplines emerged, and quickly with various kinds and increasing demand for combining translation activities, promote the further development of translation theor

47、ies. For the complexity of the interpreter translated than ever also a more profound understanding of, in view of the different style, different readership using different standards of translation has become the consensus of translation.Chapter3 The main social factors which affecting the selection

48、of translation standard.Religious, political, economic and social ideology is the main translation criteria affect social factors. They criteria for translation is primarily through select effects from two aspects of mental and physical pressure translation the translator to influence the selection

49、of materials and standard of social public opinion, and peoples thoughts to control to influence the assessment to the reading public in two aspects to achieve.3.1 The influence of religious factorsReligious factors affect the translation criteria choice the oldest factors. Ancient religious texts i

50、n the trough, the proportion of translation occupies considerable, and this kind of literature on whether to translator or critics is sacred and that contain XuanYi among the literal. Thus past dynasties in translation, translators all religious literature with emphasis on the faithful, translators

51、are original honeycombed by or standard, just had to literal translation and had to free in the preface of the translation BaYu repeatedly stressed that, the purpose is to faithful to the original version mean and style .They want to do so, one is for the fear of god, on the other hand is due to fea

52、r of religious persecution. Even so, the French much Etienne Do2et), ray (British side-or dyer (William. Tyndale) or by churches to misconstrued the bible, publicize heresy charges was hanged and burned, and first people the bible translator Martin Luther also nearly so in prison.3.2 The influence o

53、f political factorsPolitical influence mainly displays in the ruling class used his power to intervene in translation, translators translation standards to affect choice. Loose and free translation political environment conducive to the healthy development of the right choice and translation standar

54、ds, and high pressure and autocratic it will seriously affect the selection of criteria for translation the translator, resulting in translation geek generation.Cultural revolution has organized a large number of domestic famous translators translation chairman MAO poetry, however this set of wisdom

55、 in a famous among the translation of some translators translation and cultural revolution personal the translation of the MAO zedongs poetry, instead of poorer quality than some.Investigate its reason, but because the fear during the cultural translators translation works great leader backs disorde

56、rly charges of political persecution, cant play by their creativity, and adopted the letter to follow suit, and hurt the translation principles of beauty and readability original; And after the cultural revolution free and relaxed political environment dismissed concerns, the translator before they

57、can make a determined according to their own understanding suitable translation standards, so that can more fully play their own initiative and creativity, a relatively high quality translation work.3.3 The influence of economic factorsEconomic factors are modern social influence the translation cri

58、teria choose the most main factors. First, translators are people too, they need to his family. Especially in the modern society, translation what material, how translation, achieve what effect, is composed entirely of translation of the labor employment decisions, tend to have too much freedom inte

59、rpreter.For example, the advertising translation purpose is to promotion, then interpreter will revolve around promotion this purpose translation, and judge the quality of translation standards is tasted a product is in the receptor language environment can sell well; Translation popular literature

60、or bestseller, publishers are demanding the translator take out smooth, understandable, suitable for mass taste of taste, and translation is abridged translation is faithful to the original text fall doesnt seem to care about.Secondly, the economic developed countries and regions of the country and

61、backward economy bumptious on economic developed country, region of human society fetish is endemic, clip in one of the translator unavoidably not affected. The translator is comparatively backward economy in the countrys literature translation into the economy developed regions or countries tend to

62、 use when domestication gimmick; And the economic developed countries literature translation into economic relatively backward country is tend to use the alienation gimmick.3.4 The influence of social ideologySocial ideology criteria for translation select effects also nots allow to ignore. Living i

63、n different social cultural background people with different social ideology, and different kinds of social ideology often forced translator on some works have to consider what should whole translation of or Evans, whether to need to make some changes to avoid original readers displeasure.For exampl

64、e, in many foreign masterpiece, like Shakespeares plays, Arab Arabian nights entertainment in the the decameron BuJiaQiu has more or less some obscene, of obscene language or describe, these works when translated into Chinese are different degree of exclusions for adolescents and alter, lest readers

65、 harmful effects. In addition, different social ideology can also affect the translator of works appear in person or thing likes and dislikes, thus unconsciously give translation bring your own emotional.The most obvious example to calculate the Chinese mainland and Taiwan, the translator in the United States and the former Soviet union leaders emotional color difference name. Former Soviet leader nikita Khrushchevs name in Taiwan was translated into black LuXiaoFu, black in the Chinese have darkness and vicious meaning, and former US President Ronald