动词地ing或ed形式做定语讲解与练习--总结材料

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1、实用标准文案用作定语时，动词的-ing形式既包括动名词又包括现在分词,动词的 -ed 形式仅是动词过去分词。动词的 -ing形式做定语在句中通常有两个位置, 如果是单个的动词的-ing形式做定语 , 常放在被修饰词前做前置定语 ; 如果是动词的 -ing形式的短语做定语, 常放在被修饰词后做后置定语。如:1.He is an attacking player.他是一个攻击型的运动员。( 表示运动员的特征)2.He asked an embarrassing question.他提了一个令人难堪的问题。( 表示“令人 . ” )3.A little child learning to walko

2、ftenfalls.学走路的小孩常常跌跤。( 表示被修饰词的动作或状态，动词短语后置 )4.Do you know the number of people coming to the party?你知道来参加晚会的人数吗?( 表示被修饰词的动作或状态，动词短语后置)注意 : 当 -ing形式做后置定语时, 可以相当于相应的定语从句。如:1.A young man writing novels came to speak to us yesterday. A young man who writes novels came to speak to us yesterday.一位写小说的青年昨天

3、来向我们作报告。2.The girl sitting next to me was my cousin.The girl who was sitting next to me was my cousin.坐在我旁边的姑娘是我表妹。另外需要注意的是上面做定语的动词 -ing 形式表示的动作是正在进行的工作或习惯性的动作，如果和主句谓语的动作不能同时发生时，则不能用 -ing 形式做定语而必须用定语从句形式。如：昨天来我们学校的那位教授在明天给我们做报告。3.The professor who came to our school yesterday will give us a lecture

4、tomorrow.不正确的表述：The professor coming to our school yesterday will give us a lecture tomorrow.总结： -ing形式做定语通常从以下三方面考查, 即:1) 说明被修饰词的性质, 特征或用途。如:1.They set up an operating table in a small temple.他们将手术台架设在一座小庙里。2.He may be in the reading room, for all I know.他说不定在阅览室里。3.Ladies and gentlemen, please go

5、and wait in the meeting room.女士们先生们 , 请去会议室等待。2) 与被修饰词为主动关系且表示正在进行的动作或习惯性的动作。如:1.There were about 200 children studying in the art school.有大约二百个孩子在这所艺术学校学习。2.Who is the woman talking to our English teacher?正在和我们英语老师谈话的那位妇女是谁?3) 有 些 -ing 形式 已经 转化成 形容 词 , 常 做定 语用来 修饰物 , 表示 “ 令 人 ” 。 常用 的此 类词有:exciting

6、,amusing,amazing,astonishing,shocking,puzzling,confusing, disappointing,discouraging,pleasing,striking,boring,tiring,touching,moving,interesting, satisfying, terrifying, frightening等。如 :文档实用标准文案1.That must have been a terrifying experience.那准时一段可怕的经历。2.The experiment was an amazing success.那项试验是一个惊人

7、的成功。3.There is a page missing from this book.这本书缺了一页。4) 有些 -ing 形式已经转化成名词 , 常做定语用来修饰物The scanning electron micrographs这些电镜扫描照片除了 -ing形式能做定语外 , 如果 -ing形式与被修饰词是被动关系, 就用它的被动式, 即 being done. beingdoing 通常表示正在被做, 常做后置定语。如:1.The tall building being built now is our new school.正在被建的高楼是我们的新学校。2.The question

8、 being discussed was presented by the headmaster.正在被讨论的问题是被校长提出的。-ing形式做定语专练1.The lady said she would buy a gift for her daughter with the _.A.20 dollars remainedB.20 dollars to remainC.remained 20 dollarsD.remaining 20 dollars.2.The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket _ the desert.A.cove

9、ringB.coveredC.coverD.to cover3.I was told that there were about 50 foreign students _ Chinese in the school, most _were from Germany.A.study;of whomB.study;of themC.studying;of themD.studying;of whom4.The question _ at present has something important to do with our daily life.A.to be discussingB.to

10、 discussC.been discussedD.being discussed5.China is a _ country _ to the third world.A.developed;belongsB.developing;belongingC.developing;belongsD.developed;belonged6.-Who is the man _ to the teacher?-A model worker _ our school.A.talks,visitsB.is talking;is visitingC.talking;visitingD.talking;visi

11、ted7.How many of us _, say,a meeting that has nothing to do with us will be interested inthe discussion?A.attendB.attendingC.to attendD.have attended8.The flowers _ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.A.to smellB.smellingC.smeltD.to be smelt答案:DADDBCBB文档实用标准文案一、动

12、词 -ed 形式作定语过去分词作定语往往与被修饰的词靠得很紧 , 渐渐地成为一个复合词。 这种分词叫分词形容词 , 实际上相当于一个单纯的形容词 , 除表示“已完成”的动作之外 , 还表示“被动”的意义。 如：spoken English ( 英语口语 ) ； iced beer ( 冰冻啤酒 ) ； cooked food ( 熟食 ); fried chips ( 炸土豆条 );但要注意不及物动词的过去分词常表示“完成”的动作,而不表示“被动”意义。如:boiled water(开水 ); fallen leaves(落叶 ) ; the risen sun(升起的太阳 ) 等。1. Th

13、e tall man is a returned student高个子的那个人是个归国留学生。2. My parents are both retired teachers我的父母都是退休教师。(1) 前置定语单个的动词 -ed 形式 , 一般放在被修饰的名词的前面,作前置定语。The excited people rushed into building.激动的人们冲进大楼。Lost time can never be found again虚度的时光 ,无法挽回。(2) 后置定语少数单个动词的-ed 形式 ,如 left等 ,只能作后置定语。1. Everything used shoul

14、d be marked所有用过的东西应该做好标记。2. The books left are for my students剩下的书是给我的学生的。 动词 -ed 形式短语作定语时，通常要放在被修饰的名词的后面，在意思上相当于一个定语从句。1.Is there anything planned for tonight?今晚有什么活动吗 ?(=That has been planned for tonight)2.The meeting, attended by a lot of people, was a success这次会议有很多人出席 ,开得很成功。(=which was attende

15、d by a lot of people)1) Most of the artists _ to the party were from South Africa.A. invitedB. to inviteC. being invitedD. had been invited2) The first text books _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.A. having writtenB. to be writtenC. being writtenD. written3) T

16、he Olympic games,_ in 776 BC, didnt include women players until 1912.A. first playingB. to be first playedC. first playedD. tobe first playing4) Prices of daily foods _through a computer can be lower than prices in stores.A. are boughtB. boughtC. been boughtD. buying5) Mr. Smith,_ of the speech, sta

17、rted to read a _ novel.A.tired,boringB.tiring,boredC.tired,boredD.tiring,boring文档实用标准文案二、动词 -ed 形式作表语过去分词作表语并无“完成” 或“被动” 之意，而是表示主语的状态或思想感情等。如：He looked worried after reading the letter看完信后 ,他显得很忧虑。When we heard of it, we were deeply moved当我们听到这件事时,被深深地感动了。He seemed quite delighted at the idea听到这个想法,

18、他似乎很高兴。作表语的 -ed 形式可被 much, very, quite等所修饰。I was very pleased at the news听了这消息我很高兴。He grew much tired of the work他十分厌倦这工作。He seemed quite delighted at the idea.听了这想法他似乎很高兴。1)Cleaning women in big cities usually get _by the hour.A. payB. payingC. paidD. to pay2) As we joined the big crowd I got _ fro

19、m my friends.A. separatedB. sparedC. lostD. missed3) The pilot asked all the passengers on boardto remain _ as the plane was making a landing.文档实用标准文案A. seatB. seatingC. seatedD. to be seating三、动词- ed 形式作宾语补足语能用作宾语补足语的过去分词一般都是及物动词, 表示被动意义或已完成意义 , 有时候两者兼而有之。作宾语补足语的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系 , 即宾语是过去分词动作的对象。如:S

20、he found the door broken in when she came back 她回来时发现有人破门而人。Mygrandfatherhadhisoldhouserebuilt我爷爷找人重修了一下他的旧房子。动词 -ed 形式作宾语补足语的基本用法动词的 -ed 形式可以在“主语 +谓语 +宾语 +宾语补足语”句型中充当宾语补足语。在这一结构中,动词 -ed形式和它前面的宾语构成逻辑上的被动关系。如果这种句子改为被动语态, 原来的宾语补足语变成了主语补足语。文档实用标准文案1. I must get my bike repaired我必须请人修理自行车。(宾语补足语 )2. The

21、 girl was found beaten black and blue人们发现那女孩被打得青一块紫一块。(主语补足语 )(1) 动词 -ed 形式可作表示感觉和心理状态的动词的宾语补足语 , 这类动词包括see, hear, watch, notice, feel,find, think, suppose, consider等。I have neverheard himspoken ill of others.我从未听过有人说他的坏话。Shefelta greatweighttakenoffhermind她觉得心里轻松了些。Theyconsideredthe mattersettled他们

22、认为这问题解决了。(2) 动词 -ed 形式可作使役动词的宾语补足语 ,这类动词包括 make, get, have,keep, leave, hold等。I have my hair cut once a month我每个月理一次发。文档实用标准文案He was trying to make himself understood他正努力使别人听懂自己。She held her hands pressed against her face.她用双手按着脸。“have+宾语 +done”结构有三个含义： ( 请人) 把某事做完。She had her house repaired她请人把屋子修好

23、了。Where did you have your hair cut?你在哪儿理的发 ? 参遭遇某种意外情况。Hehad his hat blown away on his way home在回家的路上他的帽子被吹掉了。She had her wallet stolen yesterday.昨天她的钱包被偷了。 完成某事 ( 自己也可能参与 ) 。I have had all my spelling mistakescorrected 我把所有的拼写错误都改正了。Hehas had one thousand yuan saved thisyear 他今年已存了 1000 元。文档实用标准文案(

24、3) 动词 -ed 形式可作表示希望、要求、命令等动词的宾语补足语，这类动词包括like，want, wish, expect, order等”这一类动词的后面作宾语补足语。He won t like such questions discussed at the meeting 他不喜欢在会议上讨论这样的问题。The students wish the TV serial playscontinued学生们希望电视连续剧继续播下去。(4) 过去分词用在“ with+ 宾语 +宾补”这一结构中 ,过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。With many brightly colored flowers

25、planted around the building, his houselooks like a beautiful garden周围种了许多色彩鲜艳的花 , 他的房子看上就像一座漂亮的花园。1) - Good morning. Can I help you?- Id like to have this package _, madam.A. be weighedB. to be weighed文档实用标准文案C. to weighD. weighed2) The missingboys were lastseen _ neartheriver.A. playingB. to be pla

26、yingC. playD. played3) The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _ the next year.A. carry outB. carrying outC. carried outD. to carry out4) Mrs. Brownwas much disappointedto seethewashing machine she had had _ went wrongagain.A. itB. it repairedC. repairedD. to be repaired . 单项选择：1

27、. From the dates _ on the gold coin, wedecided thatitwas made fivehundred years ago.A. markingB. markedC. to be marked文档实用标准文案D. having been marked2. Itwas so largea room thata hundredpeoplelooked _ in it.A. losingB. lostC.to loseD.having lost3. Laws that punish parents for their littlechildren s ac

28、tionsagainstthe laws get parents_.A. worriedB. to worryC. worryingD. worry4. With _ leaves _ in the eartheveryyear, the soil becomes richer and richer.A. falling; buryingB. fallen; buriedC. fallen; buryingD. falling; buried5. Shewas glad to see her childwell_ careof.A. takeB. to be taken C. taken D.

29、taking6. Friendship is like money easier made than_.A. kept B. to be kept C. to keeping D. being kept文档实用标准文案7. Don t use words, expressions or phrases_ only to people with specific knowledge.A. being knownB. having been knownC. to be knownD. known8. John rushed out in a hurry, _ the door_.A. leavin

30、g; unlockedB. leaving; unlockingC. left; unlockingD. to leave; unlocking9. The girl _ forward to buying a new gold watch.A. referred to lookB. referred to lookingC. referred to looksD. referring to looks10. The disc, digitally _ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night.A. recordedB.

31、recording文档实用标准文案C. to be recordedD. having recorded11. _with the size of the wholeearth,thebiggest ocean does not seem big at all.A. CompareB. When comparingC. ComparingD. When compared12. _time, hellmakea firstclass tennisplayer.A. Having givenB. To giveC. GivingD. Given13. _in thought,he almost ran intothecar in front of him.A. LosingB. To loseC. LostD. Having lost14. _ in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.A. Being foundedB. It was foundedC. Founded文档实用标准文案D. Founding文档