中考英语 语法专题 非谓语动词课件 人教新目标版

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1、非谓语动词包括非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动名词和分动词不定式、动名词和分词词三种，其中三种，其中分词包括现在分词和过去分分词包括现在分词和过去分词词。非谓语动词在句中不能单独作谓语，非谓语动词在句中不能单独作谓语，不受主语的人称和数的限制不受主语的人称和数的限制。非谓语动词非谓语动词既有动词性质既有动词性质（比如可以有自（比如可以有自己的宾语、状语等），己的宾语、状语等），又有非动词性质又有非动词性质（比如动名词相当于名词；分词相当于形（比如动名词相当于名词；分词相当于形容词和副词；不定式相当于名词、形容词容词和副词；不定式相当于名词、形容词和副词等）。和副词等）。 构成构成句子成分句子成分不

2、定式不定式to + 动词动词原形原形除谓语外除谓语外的任何成的任何成分分有将要之间有将要之间动名词动名词doing主语主语 宾语宾语 表语表语 定语定语状语状语 宾补宾补表一般情况表一般情况分分词词现在现在分词分词doing 表语表语 宾补宾补 定语定语 状语状语主动、进行主动、进行过去过去分词分词done表语表语 宾补宾补 定语定语 状语状语被动、完成被动、完成动词不定式动词不定式动词不定式可以在句中作宾语、宾语补足语动词不定式可以在句中作宾语、宾语补足语和目的状语和目的状语等。等。动词不定式由动词不定式由“to+动词原形动词原形”构成，构成，有时有时to可以省略可以省略。动词不定式没有人称

3、和数的变。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，其化，其否定形式为否定形式为“not+动词不定式动词不定式”。 e.g. To learn English well is difficult.动词不定式作主语时，为了保持句子平衡，动词不定式作主语时，为了保持句子平衡，常用常用it代替它作形式主语代替它作形式主语，而将真正的主，而将真正的主语语动词不定式后置，上面的例句常写为：动词不定式后置，上面的例句常写为：Its difficult to learn English well.考点一：作主语。考点一：作主语。形式主语代替动词不定式的常用句型形式主语代替动词不定式的常用句型为：为：Its + adj.

4、 + (of / for sb.) to do sth.或或Its +n. +(for sb.) to do sth.。e.g. Its very nice of you to offer me a seat. Its very dangerous for children to cross the busy street. It was great fun to have a picnic there.考点二：作宾语。考点二：作宾语。常跟常跟动词不定式作宾语的动词有动词不定式作宾语的动词有agree, afford, decide, determine, expect, fail, hope

5、, learn, offer, prepare, plan, promise, refuse, want等。等。注意：注意：在在find, think等后跟动词不定式作宾等后跟动词不定式作宾语时，常用语时，常用it作形式宾语作形式宾语，而将真正的宾，而将真正的宾语语动词不定式后置。动词不定式后置。e.g. I find it hard to get along with him. 1. They decided _ a bridge over the river. (2015四川遂宁四川遂宁) A. build B. to build C. building2. I wanted to see

6、 the Beijing Opera, so Lingling offered _ me to watch an opera. (2016天津天津) A. took B. takes C. to take D. takingBC 3. She said she hoped _her daughter. (2016湖南邵阳湖南邵阳) A. to see B. you to see C. seeing4. I cant tell you what she said. Ive promised _ it a secret. (2016上海上海) A. keep B. to keep C. keepi

7、ng D. kept A B 考点三：作宾语补足语。考点三：作宾语补足语。1. 一些动词后常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语，一些动词后常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语，这类动词有这类动词有allow, call, want, tell, advise, ask, warn, encourage, invite, order, teach等。等。 提示：提示：help跟的宾语补足语既可以是带跟的宾语补足语既可以是带to 的动词不定式，也可以是不带的动词不定式，也可以是不带to的动词不的动词不 定式。定式。 e.g. Can you help the girl (to) move the chair?2. 使

8、役动词使役动词(如如make, let等等)及感官动词及感官动词(如如see, feel, hear, watch, notice等等)后跟动词后跟动词不定式作宾语补足语时需省略不定式作宾语补足语时需省略to。 注意注意在变为被动语态时要加上在变为被动语态时要加上to。 e.g. I saw a young man enter the room. She was often heard to sing this song.1. Our teacher often advises us _ the habit of making notes while reading. (2016苏州苏州) A

9、. to develop B. develop C. to developing D. developing2. You should ask Bob _ his own clothes. He is ten years old now. (2016重庆重庆A卷卷) A. wash B. washes C. washing D. to wash A D 3. We advise parents _ their children at home alone in order to keep them away from danger. (2016黑龙江东黑龙江东) A. not to leave

10、 B. not leave C. not leaving A 考点四：作定语。考点四：作定语。动词不定式可以作名词的定语；还可在某些动词不定式可以作名词的定语；还可在某些句型中作定语，与所修饰的名词是动宾关系句型中作定语，与所修饰的名词是动宾关系。e.g. I havent had the chance to think yet. （作名词的定语）（作名词的定语）提示：提示：动词不定式作定语修饰名词且为动宾动词不定式作定语修饰名词且为动宾关系时，如果动词为不及物动词，后面要加关系时，如果动词为不及物动词，后面要加上相应的介词上相应的介词。e.g. Tina has no paper to wr

11、ite on. Joining a summer camp is a great chance _ free time with your friends. (2016吉林吉林)A. spend B. spending C. to spend C 考点四：考点四： 作状语。作状语。动词不定式作状语往往表示原因、目的、结动词不定式作状语往往表示原因、目的、结果等果等。e.g. They were surprised to find that nobody was in the house. (表示原因表示原因) To get a good seat she arrived at the hall

12、 early. (表示目的表示目的) The boy is old enough to take care of himself. (表示结果表示结果)说明：说明： 1. had better， would rather， Why not .?，Will / Would you please .?后面接不带后面接不带to的动词不定式的动词不定式。 e.g. To catch the early bus, youd better get up early tomorrow morning.2. 动词不定式可以和疑问词动词不定式可以和疑问词what， which， how，where， when等

13、等连用，构成动词不定式的特殊结构连用，构成动词不定式的特殊结构。 e.g. Can you tell me where to buy a map?1. Ill have a ten-day holiday. But I dont know _. How about Paris? (2016成都成都) A. what to do B. where to go C. when to goB 2. The Chinese team are working hard _ honors in the 2016 Olympic Games. (2016湖南株洲湖南株洲) A. to win B. win

14、C. winning 3. Its getting dark. Youd better _ out by yourself. Its dangerous. (2016四川四川宜宾宜宾) A. not go B. not to go C. to go A A 4. I bought a big box _ books for kids in poor areas. (2016吉林长春吉林长春) A. collects B. to collect C. collect D. collected B 动词动词-ing形式形式动词的动词的-ing形式由形式由“动词原形动词原形+-ing”构成，构成，其

15、否定形式为其否定形式为“not+动词的动词的-ing形式形式”。动词的动词的-ing形式在句中可以作主语、宾语、形式在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、宾语补足语等。表语、定语、宾语补足语等。 考点一：作主语。考点一：作主语。动名词作主语和动词不定式作主语，在很动名词作主语和动词不定式作主语，在很多情况下可以通用多情况下可以通用。e.g. Playing / To play computer games too much is bad for your eyes.Our English teacher often says to us, “_ English well is very impo

16、rtant.”(2013四川内江四川内江)A. Learn B. LearningC. Learned D. To learningB 考点二：作宾语。考点二：作宾语。1. 在初中阶段我们需要掌握的后跟动词在初中阶段我们需要掌握的后跟动词-ing形式作宾语的词语有形式作宾语的词语有dislike, consider, enjoy, finish, imagine, keep, mind, practice, suggest, give up, put off, keep on, be busy, have fun, be afraid of, be good at, be interested

17、 in, be used to, look forward to, feel like, thanks for等。等。2. 有些及物动词（如有些及物动词（如like， love， hate， begin， start等）既可以跟动词的等）既可以跟动词的-ing形形式作宾语，也可以跟动词不定式作宾语，式作宾语，也可以跟动词不定式作宾语，且意思上没什么差别且意思上没什么差别。如：。如： e.g. Do you like reading / to read?3. 有些及物动词（如有些及物动词（如remember， forget， stop， try等）既可以跟动词的等）既可以跟动词的-ing形式作宾

18、语，也可以跟动词不定式作形式作宾语，也可以跟动词不定式作宾语，但意义有别宾语，但意义有别。forget / remember to do sth. 忘记忘记 / 记得要做某事记得要做某事forget / remember doing sth. 忘记忘记 / 记得做过某事记得做过某事stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事停下来去做某事stop doing sth. 停止做某事停止做某事try to do sth. 设法做某事设法做某事try doing sth. 尝试做某事尝试做某事need to do sth. 需要去做某事需要去做某事need doing 需要被做需要被做mean t

19、o do sth. 打算去做某事打算去做某事mean doing sth. 意味着做某事意味着做某事used to do sth. 过去常常做某事过去常常做某事be used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事习惯于做某事1. We feel like _ some food and drink because well invite some friends _ in a party. (2016黑龙江齐齐哈尔黑龙江齐齐哈尔) A. buying, to join B. to buy, joining C. buying, join A 2. After she finished _t

20、he story, Alice wrote a review for her school newspaper. (2016上海上海) A. read B. reads C. to read D. reading3. Bruce practices _ basketball every day so that he can be a better player. (2016海南海南) A. play B. to play C. playing D C 4. My father used to drive to work, but he is used to _ now. (2016贵州六盘水贵

21、州六盘水) A. walking B. walked C. walks D. walkA 考点三：宾语补足语考点三：宾语补足语一些动词既可以接动词不定式又可接动词一些动词既可以接动词不定式又可接动词-ing形式，作宾语补足语的有区别形式，作宾语补足语的有区别。感官动词感官动词(如如see，watch，notice，hear，feel等等) 后既可跟不带后既可跟不带to的动词不定式作宾的动词不定式作宾语补足语，也可以跟动词语补足语，也可以跟动词-ing形式作宾语形式作宾语补足语。前者表示动作的全过程，后者表补足语。前者表示动作的全过程，后者表示动作正在进行。示动作正在进行。1. The show

22、 was so funny that it made everyone _ again and again. (2016山东济宁山东济宁) A. laugh B. laughed C. laughing D. to laugh C 2. I heard Tom _ when I walked past his room yesterday. (2015江苏宿迁江苏宿迁) A. sing B. singing C. to sing D. sang3. I saw some boy students _ basketball when I passed the playground. (2014贵

23、州贵州 安顺安顺) A. played B. plays C. playing D. to playA C 考点四：作定语。考点四：作定语。e.g. The man standing there is my friend Look! There are some birds _ in the sky. They are very beautiful. (2015四川宜宾四川宜宾)A. to fly B. flyC. flying D. flownC 分词分词分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。现在分词现在分词(v. -ing)有主动、进行之意；有主动、进行之意；过去

24、分词过去分词(v. -ed)有被动、完成之意。有被动、完成之意。在语态上，现在分词表示主动，过去分词在语态上，现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动。表示被动。在时间上，现在分词表示正在进行的动作，在时间上，现在分词表示正在进行的动作，过去分词表示已经完成的动作。过去分词表示已经完成的动作。考点一：作定语。考点一：作定语。e.g. China is a developing country. America is a developed country.考点二：作表语。考点二：作表语。e.g. The book is interesting. Im interested in it.考点三：作宾语补足语。考点三：作宾语补足语。e.g. I saw her going upstairs. I want to have some photos taken.考点四：作状语。考点四：作状语。e.g. Laughing and talking, they went into the room.