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1、Section Grammar & Writing 探究 语法精要 非限制性定语从句 一、概念 非限制性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分做进一步说明，通常和主句间用逗号隔开。 He often comes to school late，which makes his teacher angry. 他经常上课迟到，这使得他的老师很生气。 She eats too much，which makes her heavier and heavier. 她吃得太多，这使她越来越胖。 二、非限制性定语从句的引导词 1引导非限制性定语从句时，若先行词为物只能用which(不用that)。 Heat is an
2、other form of energy，which is as important as other kinds of energy.热是另一种形式的能量，与其他形式的能量一样重要。 2引导非限制性定语从句的which可以指代前面的先行词，也可以指前面整个句子的含义。 That Peter will marry Alice，which has not been announced yet，has spread around. 彼得要娶艾丽斯这件事还没宣布，却已传得沸沸扬扬。 3除which外，还可用who，whom，whose，when，where等关系代词、副词引导非限制性定语从句。 Af
3、ter graduation，I decided to stay in Chongqing，where I spent my childhood and four years of college life. 毕业后，我决定留在重庆，在那里我曾度过了我的童年和四年大学生活。 Mr King，whose legs were badly hurt，was quickly taken to hospital.金先生的腿受了重伤，他很快就被送去医院了。 4在限制性定语从句中作宾语时，引导词可以省略，但引导非限制性定语从句的引导词不能省略。试比较： He was eager to go to the h
4、ospital to see his stepmother，whom he loved and respected as his own mother.他急于去医院看望他的继母，他把他的继母当作亲生母亲一样热爱和尊敬。 The American journalist (whom/who) the announcer mentioned in the news broadcast is said to have been killed.播音员在新闻广播中提到的那位美国记者据说已经被杀害了。 两例中的关系代词都在从句中作宾语。由于第二例是限制性定语从句，所以可以省略关系代词；第一例中的引导词不能省
5、略，因为它引导的是非限制性定语从句。 三、as，which引导非限制性定语从句时的区别 1两者都可引导非限制性定语从句，指代主句或主句的一部分内容，有时可以互换。但as引导的从句位置较灵活，能置于主句之后、之前或插在主句中间，且有“正如的”之意；而which引导的从句只能置于主句之后。 As we know，light travels faster than sound. 正如我们所知，光的传播速度比声音的传播速度快。 My parents often treat me as a baby，which I cant bear. 父母常常把我当小孩子看待，这是我难以忍受的。 2as常用于as i
6、s well known，as often happens，as may be imagined，as we know，as we can see，as we expect等结构中，而which不能。 Smoking is harmful to ones health，as is known to all. 吸烟有害健康，这一点是众所周知的。 As is expected，he has been admitted to Beijing University. 正如所期望的一样，他被北京大学录取。 四、“介词关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句 1“介词关系代词”可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非
7、限制性定语从句。该结构中关系代词指人时用whom，指物时用which，不可用that；关系代词在从句中作定语时用whose。 I had told them the reason，for which I didnt attend the meeting.我没有去开会，我已经把理由告诉他们了。 He came to a farm，on which he finally settled. 他来到一个农场，最终在那里定居。 He has two sons，both of whom are doctors. 他有两个儿子，都是医生。 I finished the work ahead of time，
8、after which I sat some time reading the newspaper. 我提前完成了工作，随后我坐下看了会儿报纸。 2from where也可以引导定语从句。 We stood at the top of the hill，from where we can see the whole town.我们站在山顶上，从那里可以看到整个城镇。 3像listen to，look for，depend on，pay attention to，take care of等固定短语动词，在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开。 This is the boy whom she is
9、 taking care of. 这就是她正在照看的那个男孩。课时 语法专练 用适当的关系代词或副词填空 1I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week，_my classmates recommended to me. 答案：which 2English is a language shared by several diverse cultures，each of_uses it differently. 答案：which 3John invited about 40 people to his wedding
10、，most of_are family members. 答案：whom 4“You cant judge a book by its cover，” _the old saying goes. 答案：as 5Until now，we have raised 50,000 pounds for the poor children，_is quite unexpected. 答案：which 6Mr Smith，_foot was badly hurt，was quickly sent to the local hospital. 答案：whose 7After graduation，I dec
11、ided to stay in Chongqing，_I spent my childhood and four years of college life. 答案：where/in which 8Maria has written two novels，both of_have been made into television series. 答案：which 9Ill never forget the day_the terrible earthquake happened，_has a great effect on my life. 答案：when；which 10I walked
12、up to the top of the hill with my friends，_we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake. 答案：where解码 书面表达 给朋友写一封信 书信是朋友间互通信息、交流思想和情感的重要方式之一。在近几年的高考书面表达中，很多作文都是以给朋友写信的形式来体现。因此，训练并掌握给朋友写信的技能对于高中生非常必要。 典题示例 假设你是李华，上月作为交流生(exchange student)在英国学习并结识了好朋友Mike，并帮助他学习汉语。请根据以下要点给他写一封信。 1感谢在英国期间Mike对你英语学习和生活的帮助。 2询问M
13、ike的近况和汉语学习的情况。 3邀请Mike暑假到中国来感受中国的文化。 注意：1.词数：100左右； 2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 审题谋篇 1确定体裁、时态、人称。 (1)体裁：书信。 本文是一篇常规的书信体提纲式作文，要点明确。写作时注意使用恰当的语言、条理的句子和恰当的句式。表达要完整，要点要齐全，注意使用过渡词以及复杂句式。 (2)时态以现在时为主。 (3)人称：第一人称 2书信写作指导。 (1)写作模板。 称呼：Dear人名；写信给不相识的人时，用DearSir/Madam。 正文：信的正文是信函的主体部分，也是做书信类书面表达题时，最为重要的部分，写作时要把书信的要点表达
14、清楚，使文章逻辑性强、语言通顺。可以根据需要分为若干个段落。 结束语：结束语的第一个词的首字母要大写，结尾用逗号。信函的结束语常用Sincerely (yours)，Yours truly，Yours sincerely，Yours faithfully或Yours等。 署名：署名写在结束语下面。 (2)常用句式。 常用的开头语： Thank you for your letter dated September 1. I havent heard from you for a long time；how are you? Thank you very much for your letter
15、 and the gift you sent me. I have the pleasure/honor to inform/tell you that. I must apologize for not writing to you for so long. I am writing to you. I am excited/ glad/ happy to learn that. 常用的正文语有： Although I dont know how to deal with the trouble I have mentioned above，I have been very happy re
16、cently because I got a chance to. Thats about it.Lets talk about.now. 常用的结束语有： I look forward to your reply at your earliest convenience. I look forward to seeing you soon/our next meeting/hearing from you. Please write to me when you have time. Please remember me to your family. With best regards t
17、o your family. Please give my love/regards/best wishes to. 遣词造句 1词汇： 要不是_ 在方面取得进步_ 过着幸福的生活_ 犹豫_ 向某人求助_ 方便的_ 答案：but for/withoutmake progress inlive/lead a happy lifehesitateturn to sb.convenient 2句式：一句多译。 要不是你的帮助，我的英语学习不可能快速提高。 _，I couldnt have made rapid progress in English. _，I couldnt have made ra
18、pid progress in English. 作为交流生，我对你们国家有了充分的了解。 _，I learned a lot about your country. _，I learned a lot about your country. 如果有困难，请尽管向我求助。 Dont hesitate to turn to me_. _，you could turn to me for help. 答案：If you hadnt given me a hand；But for your help Being an exchange student；As an exchange studentif
19、 you have any difficulty；Should you have any difficulty 连句成篇 _ _ Dear Mike， How time flies！Its almost a month since I came back to China. Thank you very much for what you did for me.But for your help，I couldnt have made rapid progress in English and led a happy life in Britain.Being an exchange stud
20、ent，I learned a lot about your country.I wonder if you are living a happy life and studying Chinese well now.If you have any trouble with it，dont hesitate to turn to me.I will do my best to help you.Besides，with the summer holiday drawing near，I hope you can come to China and experience the Chinese culture if it is convenient for you.Looking forward to hearing from you.Yours，Li Hua谢谢观看！谢谢观看！
高中英语 Unit 5 Travelling abroad Section Ⅳ Grammar & Writing课件 新人教版选修7
