高一语文最后课件苏教版必修一

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1、最后的常春藤叶美欧享利世界三大短篇小说巨匠俄国契诃夫法国漠泊桑美国欧亨利走近欧亨利作品：麦琪的礼物、警察和赞美诗没有完的故事黄雀在后等三百多篇小说。生平：欧亨利（OHenry,18621910）原名威廉西得尼波特，美国现代短篇小说创始人。艺术特色：出人意料的结局，故事奇特而又耐人寻味，情节动人而笔触细腻。人物环境 ： 社会环境 自然环境故事情节一个追求艺术的年轻女孩，名叫琼珊，得了肺病，又无钱医治，只能等待死亡的降临。在她心目中，窗口的那棵常青藤落完最后一片叶子的时候，也就是她离开人世的时候 可是，她窗口的常青藤却久久没有落下最后的那一片叶子 于是，那女孩也就没有离开人世。她的病慢慢好了起来

2、琼珊能坚持活下来，全归功于那棵常青藤上的最后一片叶子。可这最后的一片叶子故事的长度 乔伊斯尤利西斯：布鲁姆在一昼夜大概十八个小时内在都柏林的种种经历。 四世同堂以抗日战争时期沦陷的北平为背景,以一个叫小羊圈胡同中四世同堂的祁家为中心,以祁家长孙祁瑞宣的心路历程为主线,表现北平民在日寇铁蹄下的悲惨生活和抗争。 小说中情节在一个什么时间长度内展开的？十一月：一天早晨：第二天早晨：第三天天刚蒙蒙亮：第四天下午：琼珊病倒琼珊病重VS夜里贝尔曼画常春藤叶琼珊病危VS贝尔曼生病琼珊病好转VS贝尔曼送医院琼珊病好VS贝尔曼去世最后的常春藤叶开端发展高潮结局琼珊病危苏艾帮助琼珊寄生命于落叶藤叶仍在琼珊重燃生的

3、欲望琼珊获生贝尔曼画叶献身分角色朗读：体会人物形象特点小说中主要人物形象分析：琼珊的室友，画家，知道琼珊病情，故用轻松 善意的谎言，从精神上安慰， 无微不至的照顾 。琼珊：年轻女画家，感染肺病，病重，因高烧而产生玄想。苏艾：贝尔曼是怎样一个人？形象一：（正面描写）外貌描写：性格暴躁，酗酒成性，爱讲大话（杰作）牢骚满腹 一个穷困潦倒，消沉失意，好高骛远，郁郁不得志的失意老画家。语言描写（当他知琼珊的病情后 ）：对这种白痴的想法“连吼带叫的咆哮了一阵” “可怜的琼珊”“可恶的叶子” 善良，有同情心，关心他人。形象逆转： 人 格升华后，我们重新审视“初见贝尔曼”，归纳贝尔曼的典型形象 平凡的甚至有点

4、讨厌的外表下有一颗火热的，金子一样的爱心。 穷困潦倒仍无私关怀、帮助他人，甚至不惜生命代价。 “期待了二十五年的杰作”，不得志仍不放弃追求，抱负远大。 形象二：（侧面描写）医生：“他身体虚弱，病势来的很猛，他可没有希望了” 苏艾： “最后一片叶子是贝尔曼冒雨画上去的，因此得了肺炎，两天就去世了。” 人格升华：崇高的爱心，自我牺牲精神得到展现。你找到几处伏笔 贝尔曼是个失意的人。他老是说要画一幅杰作，可是始终没有动手。 总有一天，我要画一幅杰作，那么我们都可以离开这里啦。 寒雨夹着雪花下个不停。贝尔曼的杰作是什么？ 最后的常春藤叶1、画的逼真（第40小节）2、给予病人生的希望和信念，闪烁着人性美

5、的光辉。 小说的主人公是谁？小说的主旨：精神的支柱最后的常春藤叶鼓舞了琼珊活下去的意志，而它是贝尔曼的杰作。贝尔曼身上表达了底层人物身上的那种善良、无私的崇高品德。琼珊的遭遇可以给人怎样的启示？每个人都会遇到困难和挫折，关键是看你自己有没有信心，能不能去面对，有没有勇气战胜它。琼珊也曾陷入失望之中，但她在贝尔曼用生命换来的最后一片常春藤叶的鼓舞下，重新振作起来，直到康复。坚强的信念是生命赖以延续的精神支柱。艺术鉴赏一、语言特色欧亨利长于采用幽默、风趣、俏皮、夸张、比喻、讽刺的语言，渲染悲剧的喜剧色彩，让读者在俏皮的描写中领悟到内在庄严的思想感情，在生动活泼中给人启迪。举例： 一个冷酷无情，肉眼

6、看不见，医生管他叫一个冷酷无情，肉眼看不见，医生管他叫“肺肺炎炎”的不速之客，在艺术区里蹑手蹑脚，用他的的不速之客，在艺术区里蹑手蹑脚，用他的冰冷的手指这儿碰碰那儿摸摸。冰冷的手指这儿碰碰那儿摸摸。 在广场的东面，这个坏家伙明目张胆地走动着，在广场的东面，这个坏家伙明目张胆地走动着，每闯一次祸，受害的人总有几十个。每闯一次祸，受害的人总有几十个。 “肺炎先生肺炎先生”并不是你们所谓的扶弱济困的老并不是你们所谓的扶弱济困的老绅士。绅士。 一个弱小的女人，已经被加利福尼亚的西风吹一个弱小的女人，已经被加利福尼亚的西风吹得没有什么血色了，当然经不起那个有着红拳关，得没有什么血色了，当然经不起那个有着

7、红拳关，气吁吁的老家伙的赏识。气吁吁的老家伙的赏识。 他耍了四十年的画笔，仍同艺术女神隔有相当他耍了四十年的画笔，仍同艺术女神隔有相当距离，连她的长袍的边缘都没有摸到。距离，连她的长袍的边缘都没有摸到。 二、结尾特点结尾是欧享利式的结尾。欧享利短篇小说的艺术处理上最大的特点就是“小说的意外结局，出乎意料，又在情理之中。明明朝着一个方向发展，但结局往往来了个出其不意，然而那意外的结局一般来说是令人宽慰的，是带着眼泪的微笑。最后的常春藤叶中心思想是什么？ 最后的常春藤叶讲述了老画家贝尔曼为了鼓励贫病交加的青年画家顽强地活下去，在风雨之夜挣扎着往墙上画了一片永不凋零的常春藤叶。他为此用生命绘制的杰作

8、付出了生命的代价，但青年画家却因此获得勇气而活了下来。 歌颂了艺术家之间相濡以沫的友谊和苍凉人生中那种崇高的艺术家品格舍己救人。品味魔方品味魔方 这篇小说，表面上看像一泓静静的秋水，水面上却拂过一丝透骨的寒意。读着它，就像乘着一叶小舟从秋水上划过。但是，当我们弃舟上岸，再来顾盼这秋水时，才发现在它的底层，奔涌着一股股汹涌的波涛，这涛声撞击着你的心弦，拍打着你的肺腑。贝尔曼，这位在美术园地辛勤耕耘了四十载却一无所获的老艺术家，凭着他博大的爱心，用他的生命为代价，完成了一幅不朽的杰作。THELASTLEAF（节选）（节选） In a little district west of Washingt

9、on Square the streets have run crazy and broken themselves into small strips called places. These places make strange angles and curves. One Street crosses itself a time or two. An artist once discovered a valuable possibility in this street. Suppose a collector with a bill for paints, paper and can

10、vas should, in traversing this route, suddenly meet himself coming back, without a cent having been paid on account! At the top of a squatty, three-story brick Sue and Johnsy had their studio. Johnsy was familiar for Joanna. One was from Maine; the other from California. They had met at the table dh

11、?te of an Eighth Street Delmonicos, and found their tastes in art, chicory salad and bishop sleeves so congenial that the joint studio resulted. That was in May. In November a cold, unseen stranger, whom the doctors called Pneumonia, stalked about the colony, touching one here and there with his icy

12、 fingers. Over on the east side this ravager strode boldly, smiting his victims by scores, but his feet trod slowly through the maze of the narrow and moss-grown places. There was only a bare, dreary yard to be seen, and the blank side of the brick house twenty feet away. An old, old ivy vine, gnarl

13、ed and decayed at the roots, climbed half way up the brick wall. The cold breath of autumn had stricken its leaves from the vine until its skeleton branches clung, almost bare, to the crumbling bricks. What is it, dear? asked Sue. Six, said Johnsy, in almost a whisper. Theyre falling faster now. Thr

14、ee days ago there were almost a hundred. It made my head ache to count them. But now its easy. There goes another one. There are only five left now. Five what, dear? Tell your Sudie. Leaves. On the ivy vine. When the last one falls I must go, too. Ive known that for three days. Didnt the doctor tell

15、 you? Oh, I never heard of such nonsense, complained Sue, with magnificent scorn. What have old ivy leaves to do with your getting well? And you used to love that vine so, you naughty girl. Dont be a goosey. Why, the doctor told me this morning that your chances for getting well real soon were - let

16、s see exactly what he said - he said the chances were ten to one! Why, thats almost as good a chance as we have in New York when we ride on the street cars or walk past a new building. Try to take some broth now, and let Sudie go back to her drawing, so she can sell the editor man with it, and buy p

17、ort wine for her sick child, and pork chops for her greedy self. Old Behrman, with his red eyes plainly streaming, shouted his contempt and derision for such idiotic imaginings. Vass! he cried. Is dere people in de world mit der foolishness to die because leafs dey drop off from a confounded vine? I

18、 haf not heard of such a thing. No, I will not bose as a model for your fool hermit-dunderhead. Vy do you allow dot silly pusiness to come in der brain of her? Ach, dot poor leetle Miss Yohnsy. She is very ill and weak, said Sue, and the fever has left her mind morbid and full of strange fancies. Ve

19、ry well, Mr. Behrman, if you do not care to pose for me, you neednt. But I think you are a horrid old - old flibbertigibbet. You are just like a woman! yelled Behrman. Who said I will not bose? Go on. I come mit you. For half an hour I haf peen trying to say dot I am ready to bose. Gott! dis is not

20、any blace in which one so goot as Miss Yohnsy shall lie sick. Some day I vill baint a masterpiece, and ve shall all go away. Gott! yes. I have something to tell you, white mouse, she said. Mr. Behrman died of pneumonia to-day in the hospital. He was ill only two days. The janitor found him the morni

21、ng of the first day in his room downstairs helpless with pain. His shoes and clothing were wet through and icy cold. They couldnt imagine where he had been on such a dreadful night. And then they found a lantern, still lighted, and a ladder that had been dragged from its place, and some scattered brushes, and a palette with green and yellow colors mixed on it, and - look out the window, dear, at the last ivy leaf on the wall. Didnt you wonder why it never fluttered or moved when the wind blew? Ah, darling, its Behrmans masterpiece - he painted it there the night that the last leaf fell.