生物学专业英语词汇

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1、WORD格式Botany植物学Celltheory细胞学说cellmembrane细胞膜nucleus细胞核Organelle细胞器cellwall细胞壁cytoplasm细胞质protoplast原生质体cellcycle细胞周期mitochondrion线粒体photosynthesis光合作用unitmembrane单位膜chloroplast叶绿体chlorophyll叶绿素xanthophyll叶黄素carotene胡萝卜素golgiosome高尔基体ribosome核糖体lysosome溶酶体microfilament微丝nuclearfission核分裂reproduction繁

2、殖primarywall初生壁secondarywall次生壁plasmodesma胞间连丝mitosis有丝分裂amitosis无丝分裂meiosis减数分裂cytokinesis胞质分裂interphase间期prophase前期metaphase中期anaphase后期telophase末期tissue组织pistil雌蕊stamen雄蕊ovary子房pollination传粉pollentube花粉管porogamy珠孔受精chalazogamy合点受精mesogamy中部受精apomixis无融合生殖apogamy无配子生殖patrogenesis孤雄生殖parthenogensis

3、孤雌生殖apospory无孢子生殖pericarp果皮lifehistory生活史rootsystem根系mainroot主根lateralroot侧根taprootsystem直根系fibrousrootsystem须根系cortex皮层vascularcylinder维管柱pericycle中柱鞘xylemray木射线vascularray维管射线phloemray韧皮射线rootcap根冠Casparianstrip凯氏带primaryxylem初生木质部primaryphloem初生韧皮部vascularray维管射线xylemray木射线phelloderm栓内层phloemray韧

4、皮射线embryo胚homologousorgan同源器官analogousorgan同功器官endosperm胚乳seedcoat种皮radicle胚根plumule胚芽hypocotyl下胚轴cotyledon子叶dormancy休眠seedgermination种子萌发eukaryote真核生物prokaryote原核生物algae藻类blue-greenalgae蓝藻trichogyne受精丝14 / 14mucopolysaccharide黏多糖gelatinoussheath胶质鞘exospore外生孢子heterosexualcell异性细胞greenalgae绿藻isogamy

5、同配生殖anisogamy异配生殖anisogamy卵式生殖zygogamy接合生殖haploid单倍体diploid二倍体polyploid多倍体carposporophyte孢子体brownalgae褐藻sea-tangle海带agar琼脂fungi菌类parasitism寄生saprophytic腐生的lichen地衣archegonium颈卵器antheridium精子器antiphyte孢子体gametophyte配子体protonema原丝体bryophyta苔藓植物cruciferae十字花科vascularplants微管植物aquaticplant水生植物salicaceae

6、杨柳科angiosperm被子植物endoplasmicreticulum内质网vegetativereproduction营养繁殖intercellularlayer胞间层phellogen&corkcambium木栓形成层asexualreproduction无性繁殖sexualpropagation有性繁殖tetradynamousstamen四强雄蕊didynamousstamen二强雄蕊monodelphousstamen单体雄蕊diadelphousstamen二体雄蕊triadelphousstamen三体雄蕊polyadelphousstamens多体雄蕊synantherou

7、sstamen聚药雄蕊primarywallcells初生壁细胞vegetativecell营养细胞malesterility雄性不育filiformapparatus丝状器meristemzone分生区elongationzone伸长区maturationzone成熟区embryophyte有胚植物specificparasitism专性寄生specificsaprophyte专性腐生facultativeparasitism兼性寄生facultativesaprophyte兼性腐生sexualgeneration有性世代asexualgeneration无性世代Zoology动物学cell

8、细胞prokaryoticcell原核细胞eukaryoticcell真核细胞protein蛋白质nucleicacid核酸carbohydrate糖lipid脂质protoplasm原生质inclusion内含物cellcycle细胞周期pulmonaryalveolus肺泡flagellum鞭毛foodvacuole食物泡pinocytosis胞饮作用fission裂体生殖microgamete小配子zygote合子microtubule微管contractionsilk收缩丝merogenesis卵裂blastocoele囊胚腔completecleavage完全卵裂layering分层

9、cynapse突触myoneme肌丝myocyte肌细胞mesoglea中胶层monoecism雌雄同体dioecism雌雄异体velum缘膜radialsymmetry辐射对称nervenet神经网planula浮浪幼虫bilateralsymmetry两侧对称mesoderm中胚层tubulecell管细胞osmoregulation渗透调节acetabulum腹吸盘oralsucker口吸盘metacercaria囊蚴pseudocoel假体腔cuticle角质膜cloacalpore泄殖孔renette腺肾细emunctory排泄管restingegg休眠卵metamere体节meta

10、merism分节现象senseorgan感觉器periostracum壳皮层prismaticlayer壳层nacreouslayer珍珠层veliger面盘幼虫glochidium钩介幼虫adductor闭壳肌segmentation异律分节linearanimal线形动物pericardialcavity围心腔cervicalvertebra颈椎sacralvertebra荐椎pulmonaryvein肺静脉precavalvein前腔静脉bladder气囊middleear中耳tympanumcavity中耳腔amnion羊膜neopallium新皮层lagena瓶状囊wishbone叉

11、骨postcavalvein后腔静脉glandularstomach腺胃airsac气囊saltgland盐腺scleroticring巩膜骨viviparity胎生placenta胎盘allantois尿囊rumen瘤胃bursaoffabricius腔上囊masticatorystomach肌胃reticulum网胃omasum瓣胃abomasum皱胃cochlea耳蜗earthworm蚯蚓internalnaris内鼻孔amniota羊膜动物arthropod节肢动物coelenterate腔肠动物annelid环节动物cellmembrane&plasmamembrane细胞膜epit

12、helialtissue上皮组织connectivetissue结缔组织cartilagetissue软骨组织osseoustissue骨组织musculartissue肌肉组织cardiacmuscle心肌intercalateddisc闰盘Nisslsbody尼氏小体colony&group群体meroblasticcleavage不完全卵裂colonialtheory群体说gastrovascularcavity消化循环腔musclesystem肌肉体系excretorysystem排泄系统reproductivesystem生殖系统digestivesystem消化系统archinep

13、hricduct原肾管basallamina&basalmembrane基膜cross-fertilization异体受精self-fertilization自体受精finalhost终寄主firstintermidatehost第一中间寄主semicircularcanal半规管secondintermediatehost第二中间寄主Genetics遗传学heredity遗传variation变异gene基因pisumsativum豌豆segregation分离gamete生殖细胞zygote合子allele等位基因genotype基因型phenotype表现型testcross测交oryz

14、asativa水稻diploid二倍体haploid单倍体centromere着丝粒satellite随体linker连丝mitosis有丝分裂mesoblast中胚层spindle纺锤体interphase间期spindlefiber纺锤丝viciafaba蚕豆nucleoplasm核质spermatogenous精原细胞oogonium卵原细胞spermatid精细胞Phenocopy拟表型epistasis上位效应mutant突变型gameticlethal配子致死zygoticlethal合子致死autosome常染色体dominantlethal显性致死carrier携带者homoz

15、ygote纯合体heterozygote杂合体genotype基因型phenotype表现型linkagegroup连锁群interference干涉coincidence并发率geneticmap遗传学图wildtype野生型mutation突变heterokaryon异核体auxotroph营养缺陷型strain菌株recipient受体donor供体fragment片段induction诱导prophage原噬菌体transduction转导Mendelslaws孟德尔定律lawofsegregation分离定律firstfilialgeneration子一代parentalgenera

16、tion亲代dominantcharacter显性性状recessivecharacter隐性性状hereditarydeterminant遗传因子parentalcombination亲组合recombination重组合punnettsquare棋盘法Mendeliancharacter孟德尔性状primaryconstriction初级缢痕secondaryconstriction次级缢痕nucleolarorganizer核仁形成区firstpolarbody第一极体secondpolarbody第二极体sisterchromatids姐妹染色单体femalegameticnucleu

17、s卵核multiplealleles复等位基因sex-chromosome性染色体sex-linkedinheritance伴性遗传primaryconstriction初级缢痕secondaryconstriction次级缢痕complementarygene互补基因homologouschromosome同源染色体sisterchromatids姐妹染色单体secondaryoocyte次级卵母细胞three-pointtestcross三点测交primaryspermatocyte初级精母细胞secondaryspermatocyte次级精母细胞firstdivisionsegregat

18、ion第一次分裂分离seconddivisionsegregation第二次分裂分离lawofindependentassortment自由组合定律Biochemistry生物化学essentialelement必需元素traceelements微量元素proteoglycan蛋白聚糖aminoacid氨基酸primarystructure一级结构randomcoil无规卷曲structuraldomain结构域subunit亚基degeneration变性adenine腺嘌呤guanine鸟嘌呤cytosine胞嘧啶thymine胸腺嘧啶uracil尿嘧啶nucleoside核苷nucleo

19、tide核苷酸basepairing碱基配对basepair碱基对数base碱基数gyrase旋转酶nucleosome核小体complementaryDNA互补DNAplasmid质粒transposons转座子repetitivesequence重复序列exon外显子intron内含子variableloop可变环ribonuclease核糖核酸酶renaturation复性hyperchromiceffect增色效应basestackingforce碱基堆积力annealing退火melting-outtemperature熔解温度hypochromiceffect减色效应maltose

20、麦芽糖sucrose蔗糖lactose乳糖starch淀粉glycogen糖原cellulose纤维素cellulase纤维素酶selectivity选择性substrate底物holoenzyme全酶cofactor辅因子coenzyme辅酶oxidase氧化酶metabolism新陈代谢assimilation同化作用catabolism异化作用metabolite代谢产物biologicaloxidation生物氧化cytochrome细胞色素rotenone鱼藤酮amytal阿密妥antimycinA抗霉素Acyanide氰化物glycolysis糖酵解ethanol乙醇citrate

21、柠檬酸cis-aconitate顺乌头酸succinicacid琥珀酸oxaloaceticacid草酰乙酸acetyl-coenzyme乙酰辅酶fumarate延胡索酸glyoxylatecycle乙醛酸循环malate苹果酸fattyacid脂肪酸carbonunit一碳单位replicon复制子coreenzyme核心酶primosome引发体Okazakifragment冈崎片段leadingchain前导链laggingstrand后随链terminator终止子telomere端粒telomerase端粒酶replicationfork复制叉vector载体promoter启动子t

22、erminator终止子operon操纵子codon密码子degeneracy简并性hormone激素citricacidcycle柠檬酸循环deamination脱氨基作用ureacycle尿素循环euchromatin常染色质messengerRNA信使RNAtransferRNA转移RNAribosomeRNA核糖体RNAmetabolicregulation代谢调节feedbackregulation反馈调节structuralgene结构基因promotergene启动基因operatorgene操纵基因regulatorgene调节基因terminationfactor终止因子tr

23、ipletcode三联体密码initiatorcodon起始密码terminationcodon终止密码semiconservativereplication半保留复制ornithinecycle鸟氨酸循环ketogenicaminoacid生酮氨基酸glucogenicaminoacid生糖氨基酸oxidativedeamination氧化脱氨作用transamination转氨基作用reversetranscription逆转录decarboxylation脱羧作用semidiscontinuousreplication半不连续复制reversetranscriptase逆转录酶misse

24、nsemutation错义突变synonymousmutation同义突变neutralmutation中性突变nonsensemutation无义突变phosphatidicacid磷脂酸essentialaminoacids必需氨基酸dihydrouracilloop二氢尿嘧啶环anticodonloop反密码子环double-strandcircularDNA双链环形DNAsuperhelicalDNA超螺旋DNAopencircularDNA开环DNAlinearDNA线形DNAbasestackingforce碱基堆积力secondarystructure二级结构super-seco

25、ndarystructure超二级结构tertiarystructure三级结构quaternarystructure四级结构negativesupercoilDNA负超螺旋DNApositivesupercoilDNA正超螺旋DNAGlyceraldehyde-3-phosphate甘油醛-3-二磷酸glucogenicandketogenicaminoacid生糖兼生酮氨基酸restrictionendonuclease限制性内切酶polymerasechainreaction聚合酶链反应Microbiology微生物学livingcreatures生物culturemedium培养基la

26、wn菌苔cultureplate培养平板bacteria细菌archaea古生菌eukaryote真核生物prokaryote原核生物protozoan原生动物hypha菌丝mycoplasma支原体yeast酵母菌plasmolysis质壁分离EscherichiaColi大肠杆菌murein胞壁质peptidoglycan肽聚糖mucopeptide黏肽outermembrane外膜chromosome染色体nucleolus核仁nucleoid拟核chromatin染色质centromere着丝粒telomere端粒protoplast原生质体mycoplasma支原体glycoprot

27、ein糖蛋白mesosome间体cytoplasm细胞质megnetosome磁小体nucleoid拟核glycocalyx糖被capsule荚膜flagellum鞭毛lysosome溶酶体chloroplast叶绿体thylakoid类囊体inorganicsalt无机盐peptone蛋白胨sulfurbacteria硫细菌beefextract牛肉膏vitamin维生素inclusionbody内含物lithotroph无机营养型medium培养基agar琼脂organotroph有机营养型antiport逆向运输activetransport主动运输pinocytosis胞饮作用cata

28、bolism分解代谢passivetransport被动运输uniport单向运输anabolism合成代谢fermentation发酵batchculture分批培养logphase对数生长期stationaryphase稳定生长期lagphase迟缓期declinephase衰亡期aerobe好氧菌antibiotic抗生素antigenome反基因组transformation转化genome基因组plasmid质粒transformingfactor转化因子diploid二倍体haploid单倍体transposableelement转座因子conjugation接合作用transpo

29、son转座子phenotype表型genotype基因型auxotroph营养缺陷型wild-type野生型transition转换transversion颠换spontaneousmutation自发突变reversemutation回复突变sexduction性导transduction转导promoter启动子operon操纵子recombinationrepair重组修复repressor阻遏蛋白corepressor辅阻遏物clone克隆denaturation变性annealing退火extension延伸cloningvector克隆载体replicon复制子telomere端粒

30、cohesiveend黏性末端promoter启动子terminator终止子genetherapy基因治疗phylogeny系统发育ammonification氨化作用nitrification硝化作用denitrification反硝化作用expressionvector表达载体aerobicrespiration有氧呼吸anaerobicrespiration无氧呼吸originofreplication复制起始点incompatibility不亲和性genemutation基因突变synonymousmutation同义突变chromosomalaberration染色体畸变misse

31、nsemutation错义突变frame-shiftmutation移码突变lactoseoperon乳糖操纵子negativetranscriptioncontrol负转录调控tryptophanoperon色氨酸操纵子cytoplasmicinheritance细胞质遗传geneticengineering基因工程recombinantDNAtechnology重组DNA技术palindromicstructure回文结构spreadplatemethod涂布平板法pourplatemethod倾注培养法streakplatemethod平板划线法shaketubemethod稀释摇管法continuousculture连续培养