高中生物 第1章 认识细胞课件 北师大版必修1

《高中生物 第1章 认识细胞课件 北师大版必修1》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《高中生物 第1章 认识细胞课件 北师大版必修1（24页珍藏版）》请在装配图网上搜索。

1、第1章认识细胞MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SU

2、ITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理 1.使用显微镜观察多种多样的细胞。2.辨别真核细胞、原核细胞的结构。3.说出病毒的结构与代谢特点。 4.分析细胞学说建立的过程及其内容,说出细胞学说的意MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理

3、MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYA

4、NLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理2.不同生物体细胞的形态和结构有很大的差异,即使是同一生物体,构成不同组织或器官的细胞也不相同。细胞形态结构的不同是与其所在位置和功能相适应的。一二三四一、细胞的形态结构与功能相适应1.高倍镜的使用方法:在低倍物镜下找到清晰的目标,将其移至视野的中央,转动转换器,用高倍物镜进行观察,调整光圈和反光镜使视野明亮,再缓慢调节细准焦螺旋,直至看到清晰的物像。MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SH

5、ULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SU

6、ITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理一二三四二、真核细胞、原核细胞、病毒1.真核细胞有由核被膜包被的细胞核,还含有许多由膜包被的其他复杂结构。由真核细胞构成的生物就是真核生物,除动植物外还包括真菌和原生生物。2.原核细胞一般非常微小,结构简单,大多具有细胞壁;遗传物质没有核被膜包被,分布在细胞质中的特定区域,该区域叫作拟核。由原核细胞构成的生物叫作原核生物,蓝细菌和细菌是两种重要的原核生物类群。前者是自养生物,能进行光合作用;后者多数是异养生物,从有机物中获得碳源和能量,少数是自养生物。没有细胞核的细胞一定是原核细胞吗?提示:不

7、一定。如高等植物成熟的筛管细胞、哺乳动物的成熟红细胞都没有细胞核,但不是原核细胞。MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理M

8、UBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理一二三四3.病毒没有细胞结构,不能独立进行新陈代谢,必须寄生在生物体的活细胞中才能生活并繁殖后代。病毒对宿主细胞的种类有很强的选择性,根据病毒的宿主细胞,可把病毒分为哪几类?提示:细菌病毒(噬菌体)、植物病毒、动物病毒。MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DI

9、ANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN J

10、VJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理一二三四三、细胞学说的建立1.细胞的发现:英国科学家罗伯特胡克命名细胞,荷兰人列文虎克最早观察、研究、记录活细胞。2.细胞学说的创立(1)建立并完善细胞学说的科学家:施莱登、施旺、魏尔肖等。(2)主要内容:一切动植物都是由细胞构成的;细胞是生物体结构和功能的基本单位;细胞通过分裂产生新细胞。(3)意义:细胞学说的建立标志着细胞学的兴起,意味着人们对生物体结构的认识由器官层次进

11、入到细胞层次。这极大地推进了人类对生命世界的认识,有力地促进了生命科学的发展。细胞学说是19世纪自然科学的三大发现之一。MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难

12、聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理一二四三四、对细胞的深入探索1.细胞学显微水平时期:主要是在显微镜下对细胞形态的观察和描述。2.细胞学发展的亚显微水平时期:主要是利用新的工具(如电子显微镜)和新的技术,对细胞的结构和功能进行了多方面的研究。3.分子细胞

13、生物学水平时期:从分子水平研究细胞的结构和功能,在细胞代谢、遗传、免疫以及细胞膜、细胞器、细胞核的分子结构等方面都有重大发现。MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIA

14、O重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理1231.光学显微镜的使用方法光学显微镜MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理M

15、UBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYAN

16、LIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理123(1)显微镜成像的基本光路光源(天然光或人工光源)反光镜光圈物体物镜(凸透镜)在镜筒内形成物体放大的实像目镜把经物镜放大形成的实像进一步放大形成倒立的虚像。显微镜的总放大倍数=物镜放大倍数目镜放大倍数。物像的放大是指长度或宽度的放大。和实物相比,显微镜成的像为旋转180的倒像。MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI

17、典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦Z

18、HISHI SHULI知识梳理123(2)镜头的结构及其长短与放大倍数的关系。区分目镜与物镜的方法:目镜直接放在镜筒上,没有螺纹;物镜需拧在转换器上,有螺纹。放大倍数与长短的关系。a.物镜越长,放大倍数越大,镜头距载玻片越近。b.目镜越长,放大倍数越小。(3)视野中物像与标本移动方向的关系。如果视野中的某观察物像位于左下方,若要将其移到视野中央,应将标本向左下方移动。视野中物像移动的方向与标本移动的方向相反。MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODA

19、OHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演

20、练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理123(4)低倍物镜与高倍物镜的比较。(5)与显微镜使用相关的疑难点。换用高倍物镜后,若视野太暗,应先调节遮光器(换大的光圈)或反光镜(用凹面反光镜)使视野明亮,再调节细准焦螺旋。MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MU

21、BIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理1232.原核细胞和真核细胞的区别 MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TO

22、UXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难

23、聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理123特别提醒特别提醒原核生物与真核生物的辨别(1)原核生物种类较少,有细菌、蓝细菌、支原体、衣原体、立克次氏体、放线菌等。蓝细菌包括颤藻、念珠藻、发菜等。(2)带有“菌”字的生物不一定是细菌。一般“菌”字前面有“杆”“球”“螺旋”“弧”等字的都是细菌,如破伤风杆菌、葡萄球菌、霍乱弧菌等。青霉菌、酵母菌、曲霉菌及根霉菌等属于真菌,是真核生物。(3)带“藻”字的生物中,色球藻、念珠藻、颤藻等

24、属于原核生物,单细胞绿藻,如衣藻、小球藻,属于真核生物。(4)草履虫、变形虫和疟原虫等原生生物属于真核生物。MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHIS

25、HI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理1233.理解“细胞学说的建立过程,是一个在科学探究中开拓、继承、修正和发展的过程”细胞学说建立的过程由上图可见,细胞学说的建立过程,是一个在科学探究中开拓、继承、修正和发展的过程。MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI T

26、OUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重

27、难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理题型一题型二【例1】 下图图甲中表示目镜,表示物镜,表示物镜与载玻片之间的距离,图乙和图丙分别表示目镜为时,选用不同物镜观察到的图像。下列描述正确的是 ()A.观察到的物像为图丙时应选用图甲中组合B.从图乙转为图丙,正确的调节顺序:转动转换器调节光圈移动标本转动细准焦螺旋C.若图丙是由图乙放大10倍后的物像,则细胞的面积增大为原来的10倍D.若图丙观察到的细胞位于图乙右上方,从图乙转为图

28、丙时,应向右上方移动装片MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典

29、例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理题型一题型二解析目镜的放大倍数与镜头的长度呈负相关,为高倍目镜,为低倍目镜。物镜的放大倍数与镜头的长度呈正相关,为高倍物镜,为低倍物镜。由于高倍物镜比低倍物镜长,因此高倍物镜与载玻片之间的距离小于低倍物镜与载玻片之间的距离,表示高倍物镜的观察位置,表示低倍物镜的观察位置。图丙和图乙相比,图丙的细胞大,细胞数量少,代

30、表高倍镜下观察到的图像。观察物像为图丙时应选用图甲中的目镜、高倍物镜、较小的物镜与载玻片距离,A项错误。从图乙转为图丙,指从低倍镜观察转为高倍镜观察,操作流程为:移动物像至视野中央转动转换器调节光圈转动细准焦螺旋,B项错误。物像的放大指的是长度或宽度的放大,C项错误。标本移动的方向与视野中物像移动的方向相反,故应向右上方移动装片,D项正确。答案DMUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANG

31、YANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI

32、知识梳理题型一题型二【例2】 下图所示四种不同生物,相关叙述正确的是 ()A.甲和乙的主要区别在于乙具有细胞壁B.丙和丁的主要区别在于丙具有拟核C.甲和丙的主要区别在于甲具有细胞结构D.乙和丁的主要区别在于丁没有核膜MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIA

33、NLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理题型一题型二解析甲、乙属于原核生物;丙是病毒,无细胞结构;丁是真核生物。甲、乙都有细胞壁;丙和丁的主要区别是丙没有细胞结构;

34、乙和丁的主要区别是乙没有成形的细胞核。答案CMUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIA

35、NLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理1 2 3 4 5 61下图是用显微镜观察植物细胞实验中的两个视野。要把视野中的物像从图甲转为图乙,下列操作步骤正确的排序是()转动细准焦螺旋转动粗准焦螺旋移动装片调节光圈(或转换反光镜)转动转换器A.B.C.D.解析:从图甲转为图乙,放大倍数增大,是转换使用高倍物镜的结果。使用高倍镜前,需先在

36、低倍镜下找到观察目标,并将观察目标移到视野中央,然后转动转换器换上高倍物镜,调节光圈(或转换反光镜)和细准焦螺旋,使物像清晰。答案:DMUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN J

37、VJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理1 2 3 4 5 62比较细菌和蓝细菌,它们的相同点是()A.细胞核均有核被膜B.细胞质中均没有核糖体C.均有光合色素D.均有遗传物质解析细菌和蓝细菌均属于原核生物,均没有核被膜包被的细胞核,但均有遗传物

38、质,细胞质内均有核糖体。蓝细菌具有光合色素,能进行光合作用,而大多数细菌没有光合色素,不能进行光合作用。答案DMUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHI

39、SHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理1 2 3 4 5 63下列有关显微镜操作的叙述,错误的是()A.标本颜色较深,观察时应选用凹面反光镜和大光圈B.将位于视野右上方的物像移向中央,应向右上方移动玻片标本C.若转换高倍镜观察,需要先升镜筒,以免镜头碰坏玻片标本D.转

40、换高倍镜之前,应先将所要观察的物像移到视野中央解析换用高倍镜时不应提升镜筒。答案CMUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理M

41、UBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理1 2 3 4 5 64下列生物中,不具有细胞结构的是()A.酵母菌B.SARS病毒C.蓝细菌D.大肠杆菌解析:病毒没有细胞结构,必须寄生在活细胞内才能生存。答案:BMUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIA

42、N随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MU

43、BIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理1 2 3 4 5 65下列哪一项不属于细胞学说的主要内容?()A.所有的生物都是由细胞构成的B.所有的植物和动物都是由细胞构成的C.细胞是生物体结构和功能的基本单位D.细胞通过分裂产生新细胞解析:所有的植物和动物都是由细胞构成的,并不是所有的生物都由细胞构成,例如病毒。答案:AMUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI

44、 SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理1 2 3 4 5 66下列关于H7N9禽流感病毒的说法,正确的是()A.虽然能引发传染病,但是其没有细胞结构,因此它不是生物B.能引发传染病,必须寄生在活细胞内才能表现出生命的特征C.在人工配制的富含有机物的培养基上就可以培养D.通过细胞分裂繁衍后代解析:病毒虽然没有细胞结构,不能进行细胞分裂,但其可在寄主细胞内繁殖,是结构简单的非细胞型微生物;病毒必须利用寄主细胞提供的原料、能量、酶及物质合成场所,才能进行繁殖等生命活动,因此只能利用活细胞培养。答案:B