英汉对照图示基础工程学第十二章 桩基础-单桩

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1、第十二章 桩基础-单桩Chapter12 Pile foundation-single piles301.Piles桩pile cap桩帽piles桩soft clay软粘土sand砂土raker pile斜桩batter pile斜桩302.Vibrations振动tanks贮罐silos筒仓chimneys烟囱machine foundations机器基础sand砂土ground water地下水303.Examples of pile foundations桩基础的例子compaction piles压实桩raked piles斜桩damping of piles桩的阻尼small da

2、mping小阻尼vibrations振动304.Stability of bridge abutment桥墩的稳定性soft clay软粘土fill填土bridge abutment桥墩305.Embankment piles路堤桩soft clay软粘土raked piles斜桩bridge abutment桥墩fill填土306.Anchor piles for dry docks，subway stations干船坞或地铁车站下的锚桩ground water地下水up-lift上浮力anchor piles锚桩307.Offshore structures on piles桩支撑的离岸结

3、构物cyclic loading循环荷载scour冲刺compression压缩steel pipe piles钢管桩tension force拉力308.Stabilisation of slope by piles边坡用桩稳定slope stability边坡稳定性large diameter pile大直径桩steel pipe piles钢管桩failure surface破坏面309.Design of embankment piles路堤桩的设计failure surface破坏面clay粘土precast piles预制桩310.Anchor piles in swelling

4、soil膨胀土中的锚桩seasonal changes季节性变化swelling clay膨胀性粘土montmorillonite蒙脱石high liquid limit高液限high plasticity index高塑性指数building建筑物311.Examples of pile types桩型应用的例子driven piles打入桩bored piles钻孔桩jacked-down piles静压桩screw piles螺旋桩hydraulic jack液压桩312.Piles foundations桩基础concrete pile混凝土桩steel pile钢桩timber木桩H

5、 pile H型桩313.Piles types桩型large displacement piles大量挤土桩small displacement piles少量挤土桩non-displacement piles非挤土桩bored piles钻孔桩precast piles预制桩pipe piles管桩cased有套管uncased无套管box piles箱形桩driven cast-in-place piles沉管灌注桩314.Loading conditions of piles桩的荷载情况compression受压lateral load受侧向荷载tension受拉315.Load tr

6、ansfer to piles桩的荷载传递friction or floating piles摩擦桩或悬浮桩end bearing piles端承桩clay粘土sand砂土rock岩石316.Timber piles木桩advantages优点difficulties难点limit bearing capacity极限承载力soft clay软粘土tip桩尖shaft桩身ground water地下水butt桩顶marine borers海生木蛀虫317.Pile splices桩的连接steel sleeve钢套steel strap钢板条318.Splices and rock point

7、s桩的连接和入岩桩尖rock point入岩桩尖319.Precast concrete piles预制混凝土桩point桩尖concrete混凝土reinforcement加筋pile diameter桩径shoe桩靴320.Lifting of piles桩的吊装pile length桩长lifting hooks吊钩moment弯矩321.Prestressed concrete piles预应力混凝土桩height strength concrete高强混凝土brittle脆性reduced cracking减少裂缝reduced ductility延展性差322.Concrete s

8、trength（CP 2004）混凝土强度（CP 2004）cube strength立方体强度hard driving难以打入normal to easy driving从正常到易于打入high capacity承载力高reduced weight重量减轻easy driving易于打入323.Installation of jacked-down piles静压桩的成桩pump泵manometer压力计steel insert钢垫片hydraulic jack液压千斤顶pile segment桩段324.Bored piles钻孔桩auger螺旋钻reinforcement钢筋笼tremm

9、ie pipe导管concreting灌注混凝土325.Examples of bored piles钻孔灌注桩的例子bored piles钻孔桩drilling of shaft桩孔钻进drilling of bell扩大头钻进concrete混凝土stiff clay硬粘土reinforcement钢筋笼326.Bored piles with bell有支盘的钻孔桩bells支盘327.Cast-in-place piles就地灌注桩casing钢管桩driving打（桩）casing filled with water套管充水casing filled with concrete套管中

10、灌注混凝土reinforcement钢筋笼328.Necking during casting of pile shaft in soft clay软粘土中灌注桩身混凝土时发生缩径casing套管soft clay软粘土sand or silt砂土或粉土ground water地下水329.Slurry trench wall construction泥浆连续墙施工ground water地下水surface casing地下护筒bentonite slurry膨润土泥浆chisel冲抓pouring of concrete灌注混凝土lowering of reinforcement elem

11、ent下放钢筋笼330.Shapes of slurry trench pile elements泥浆护壁类桩型的形状size尺寸331.Raymond step tapered pile雷蒙特锥形桩steel shell钢壳steel core钢芯light bulb小球体reinforcement cage钢筋笼casting of concrete灌注混凝土332.Franki pile弗兰基桩concrete plug混凝土塞bulb球形物internal hammer内夯桩prefabricated pri:fbrikeitid shaft预制桩身light casing薄壁套管33

12、3.Steel H-pipeH-型钢桩easy to drive易于打入easy to cut易于切断corrosionkrun腐蚀expensive昂贵splicing分段连接soil plug土塞driving shoe桩靴steel plate钢板wielding焊接334.Steel pipe piles钢管桩diameter直径closed or open ended闭口或开口soil plug土塞diameter直径335.Corrosion腐蚀steel piles钢桩concrete piles混凝土桩National Bureaubjuru of Standards国家标准局

13、splices连接reinforcement钢筋salt water海水resistivity电阻系数salt water海水encased in concrete做混凝土外壳cathodickdik protection阴极保护painting涂刷epoxyepksi环氧树脂336.Settlement around during driving in sand砂土中沉桩时桩周土发生沉降settlement沉降diameter直径compaction within this zone在此范围内压实337.Effect of pile driving in clay粘土中打桩的影响soft c

14、lay软粘土heave隆起volume体积remoulded zone重塑区pore water pressure孔隙水压力undrained shear strength不排水抗剪强度338.Redriving of piles in clay粘性土中桩的复打risen piles上抬的桩redriving复打heave隆起soft clay软粘土separation of splice接桩处脱开339.Load distribution along pile荷载沿桩身的分布sand砂土clay粘土point resistance桩尖阻力shaft resistance桩侧阻力340.Pil

15、e load as function of pile displacement桩荷载为桩位移的函数load荷载displacement位移soft clay软粘土stiff clay硬粘土sand砂土cast in place pile就地灌注桩driven pile打入桩with bell有大头341.Load deformation relationship of piles桩的荷载与变形的关系pile load桩荷载displacement位移point resistance端阻力skin resistance表面摩阻力/桩周阻力342.Direction of pile loading

16、桩承受荷载的方向compression受压tension受拉weight of pile桩的自重factor of safety安全系数allowable load容许荷载point resistance端阻力shaft resistance侧阻力343.Determination of bearing capacity at pile point桩端承载力的确定end bearing端承力undrained shear strength不排水抗剪强度bearing capacity factor承载力系数344.Pile bearing capacity according to Meyer

17、hof梅耶霍夫对桩的承载力的计算friction angle摩擦角bearing capacity factor承载力系数345.Bearing capacity factor of piles桩的承载力系数Terzaghi太沙基（人名）Berezantsev别列赞采夫（人名）Meyerhof梅耶霍夫（人名）Vesic维西克（人名）Brinch Hansen勃林奇汉森（人名）Debeer德皮尔（人名）friction angle摩擦角346.Failure mechanism at pile point桩端的破坏机理point resistance端阻力rigidity index刚度指数fa

18、ilure surface破坏面compressibility可压缩性347.Comparison of cone resistance and pile point resistance圆锥贯入阻力与桩端阻力的比较area of pile桩的截面积sand砂土348.Comparison of SPT N-value and pile point resistance标准贯入试验N值与桩端阻力的比较SPT标准贯入试验sand砂土pile diameter桩径349.Lateral pressure against pile shaft桩身的侧压力bored pile钻孔桩small disp

19、lacement pile少量挤土桩large displacement pile 大量挤土桩straight shaft直身tapered shaft锥形桩身lateral earth pressure侧土压力350.Determination of capacity in sand砂土中桩承载力的确定loose松散dense密实coefficient of lateral earth pressure at rest静止侧土压力系数small Vesic小维西克（人名）displacement pile挤土桩non-displacement pile非挤土桩tapered pile锥形桩3

20、51.Pile shaft capacity in sand砂土中桩身的承载力pile type桩型sand砂土critical depth临界深度352.Lateral pressure against pile shaft桩身的侧压力Mansur & Hunter曼舍与洪特（人名）Tavenas泰凡纳斯（人名）Ireland爱尔兰（人名）lateral earth pressure侧土压力step taper piles多级锥形桩353.Critical depth of pile shaft resistance桩身阻力的临界深度friction angle摩擦角bearing capa

21、city value承载值diameter直径length长度354.Estimate of pile capacity based on Weight Sounding Test（WST）重力触探试验（WST）估算桩的承载力half-turns半转timber piles木桩concrete piles混凝土桩Norwegian Pile Commission挪威桩基委员会skin area表面积355.Failure surface at pile point in clay粘土中桩端的破坏面failure surface破坏面diameter直径area of pile桩的截面356.S

22、kin friction resistance along pile shaft摩阻力沿桩身的分布cone penetration test圆锥贯入试验friction sleeve摩阻套small displacement pile少量挤土桩large displacement pile大量挤土桩357.Bearing capacity of piles in clay粘土中的桩的承载力normally consolidated clay正常固结粘土overconsolidated clay超固结粘土undrained shear strength不排水抗剪强度reduction折减grou

23、nd surface地表358.Lambda-methodLambda方法offshore structures离岸结构物depth深度mean value平均值skin resistance桩周阻力359.Estimate of pile skin resistance in clay粘土中桩侧阻力的估算effective overburden pressure有效覆盖压力Flaate法莱特（人名）Selnes萨尔奈斯（人名）undrained shear strength不排水抗剪强度360.Load transfer from pile to soil as function of pi

24、le displacement桩土间荷载传递为桩位移的函数t-z curves t-z曲线q-y curve q-y曲线driven pile打入桩bored pile钻孔桩361.Negative skin friction along piles桩的负摩阻力lowering of ground water level地下水位下降driven pile打入桩bored pile钻孔桩362.Failure modes of horizontally loaded piles承受水平荷载的桩的破坏模式soil failure土体破坏pile failure桩的破坏failure mechani

25、sm破坏机理363.Lateral pile resistance in sand砂土中的桩侧阻力sand砂土horizontal load水平荷载force力364.Lateral pile resistance in clay（rotational mode）粘土中的桩侧阻力（桩旋转的模式）undrained shear strength不排水抗剪强度heave隆起passive earth pressure被动土压力lateral force侧压力diameter直径depth深度365.Lateral pile resistance in clay（pile failure mode）粘土中的桩侧阻力（桩破坏的模式）undrained shear strength不排水抗剪强度diameter直径yield屈服moment力矩lateral force侧压力