代词语法整理

上传人:m**** 文档编号:71215922 上传时间:2022-04-06 格式:DOC 页数:6 大小:105KB
收藏 版权申诉 举报 下载
代词语法整理_第1页
第1页 / 共6页
代词语法整理_第2页
第2页 / 共6页
代词语法整理_第3页
第3页 / 共6页
资源描述:

《代词语法整理》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《代词语法整理(6页珍藏版)》请在装配图网上搜索。

1、代词语法整理代词的定义和特征代词是代替名词以及起名词作用的短语、分词和句子的词。Because he had a bad cold , Jack decided to stay in bed the whole day.(代词 he 代替名词Jack)2)The Brow ns said they might move to Califor nia.(代词 they 代替名词短语 the Browns)3)Bob always answers his teacher questions well; t hat shows that he works very hard at home.( 代词

2、that代替前面的分句)代词之间有两点共同之处:第一,它们 本身的词义都很弱,必须从上下文来确定;第二,许多代词都有两种功用:一可单独取代名词的位置,二可起修饰语的作用。代词的种类代词可分为八类:1) 人称代词 (pers onal pronoun)a) 主格:I, you,he, she, it,we, you, theyb) 宾格: me,you, him,her, it, us, you, them2) 物主代词(possessive pronoun)a)形容词性物主代词:my,your,his, her, its,our,your, theirb)名词性物主代词:mine, yours

3、,his,hers, its,ours, yours, theirs3)反身代词(reflexivepronoun) : myself ,yourself ,himself ,herself ,itself,ourselves ,yourselves , themselves , on eself4) 相互代词(reciprocal pronoun): each other ,one another5) 指示代词(demonstrative pronoun): this ,that ,these , those , it, such, same6) 疑问代词(interrogative pro

4、noun) : who, whom, whose,which, what7) 关系代词(relative pronoun): who,whom,whose, which, that , as8) 不定代词(in defi nitepronoun) : some,someth ing ,somebody ,some one,any,anything ,an ybody , anyone, no, nothing ,n obody, no one, every, everyth ing , every one , everybody ,each,much,many , little ,a litt

5、le ,few ,a few, other ,another ,all,none, one, both , either , neither 、人称代词1、人称代词的形式(见下表)2、人称代词的作用 人称代词在句子中可作主语、宾语、表语等。(1)人称代词作主语时用主格I lost my wallet in the park.(2)人称代词作宾语时用宾格I saw you in the street.(3)人称代词作表语时一般用宾格Who is knocking at the door ? It s me.3、在使用人称代词时有下面几点注意:(1) we , you两词有时泛指一般人,指大家。Y

6、ou n ever know what may happe n.(2) she可以用来代表国家、船只、大地、月亮等。I thi nk Chin ese will do what she promised to do.(3) 1在并列的主语中,总放最后。(4) it有许多用法(a) 代表已提到过的一件事物。I love swim min g. It keeps me fit.(b) 当说话者不知道对方的性别时,可用it来表示。It s a lovely baby. Is it a boy or a girl ?(c) 可用来指带时间、距离、自然现象等。It is half past three

7、now.(d) 用于固定搭配中。Take it easy.walk it 步行 make it 办成 take it out of somebody 拿某人出气二、物主代词1、物主代词的形式类皿J很的餅的叱(它)的他诃的晖客冋性的1押圭世耳h ih 応i touryaurycuurshersr iisaunycmrsthe i m2、物主代词的作用1) 形容词性物主代词只能作定语。The tall boy is my stude nt.2) 名词性物主代词(1) 作表语Whose dictionary is this ? It s mine.(2) 作主语Our room is on the

8、first floor and theirs is on the second.(3) 作宾语You may use my pen. I ll use hers.(4) 与of连用作定语He is a close friend of ours.三、反身代词1、反身代词的形式powselsherselfe tseIf亘Stounel vefiytmr selves2、反身代词的作用(1) 作宾语I can t express myself in En glish.(2) 作表语He is not quite himself these days.(3) 作同位语反身代词作同位语时,往往是用来加强

9、名词或代词的语气,应重读;在句中常置于名词、代 词之后或句子末尾。The theory itself is all right.We had better ask the teacher herself about it.(5) 偶尔用作主语这种独立使用的反身代词语气较强。Both my sister and myself were invited to the party.(6) 用于固定习语help on eself to, hurt on eself , enjoy on eself , dress on eself , byon eself , in on eself (本身),bet

10、wee n ourselves(私下说的话,不可告诉别人)四、相互代词相互代词表示相互关系。1、相互代词的形式吐th other“uh Dther ovw another1 b2、相互代词的用法(1) 相互代词宾格用作宾语We can help each other.(2) 相互代词属格用作定语We should point out each other s shortco mings.五、指示代词指示代词是用来指示或标识人或事物的代词。1、指示代词的形式总盟thisxsJtthatthose其他还有:such, so,same, it(指人用)2、指示代词的用法(1)作主语 These ar

11、en t my books.作宾语 She will do that. 作表语 My idea is this.(4) 作定语 This book is about Chinese traditional medicine.(5) this和that有时可用作状语,表示程度,译为这么和那么”The book is this thick.(6) that和those有时用来代表前面提到的东西,以避免重复这个名词The weather in Han Dan is cooler thanthat in Guangzhou.(代替不可数名词 weather)The machines are bette

12、r thanthose we made last year.(代替可数名词复数 machines)My room was lighter than the one next door.(如果是单数可数名词用the one 来代替)六、疑问代词1、疑问代词的形式who vhoni whosewhat which2、疑问代词的用法1)who通常作主语和表语Who is on duty today ?2) whom 作宾语Whom do you wish to speak to?With whom did you go ? ( 口语中说 Who did you go with ?更多一些。 )3)

13、whose 、 what 、 which 这三个代词可以用作(1) 主语Whose is better ?What happened next ?(2) 表语Whose is it ?What s your father?(3) 宾语Whose are you going to borrow ?(4) 定语Whose umbrella is this ?七、关系代词1、关系代词的形式who , whom , whose , which ,that 是用来引起定语从句的。它一面代表定语从句所修饰 的那个名词或代词,一面又在从句内担当一个成分(通称为先行词 )。2、关系代词的用法1) who 代表

14、人,在从句中做主语或宾语。The girl who spoke is my best friend.Do you like the teacher who (whom) we talked with?2) whom 代表人,在从句中作宾语。He is the man whom (who) you have been looking for.3) whose 代表某个人的,在从句中作定语。Do you know anyone whose family is in Xi? an4) which 代表事物,在从句中可以作主语和宾语。He told a story which moved us dee

15、ply.5) that 既代表人也代表物,在从句中可以作主语、宾语或表语。This is the plane that will fly to Tokyo in the afternoon.Fool that I was !八、不定代词 不定代词是不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词,英语中不定代词有: some(something ,somebody ,someone) ,any(anything ,anybody ,anyone) ,no(nothing , nobody , no one) , every(everything , everybody , everyone) ,all ,

16、 each ,both ,much , many , (a)little , (a)few , other(s) , another , none , one , either ,neither 等。1. 不定代词的作用1) 作主语Both(of us) are right.Either(of the answers) is correct.Neither(of the answers) is correct.Is everybody here ?Nothing special happened yesterday.All is going well.2) 作宾语There is room f

17、or all of us.I like none of the booksIf you have any , give us some.3) 作表语Thanks , it s too much for me.That s really something.4) 作定语You may take either road.Everybody s bus in ess is n obody.人人都管等于没人管。(谚)Please give another example to illustrate your point.5) 作同位语We none of us said anything.Give t

18、hem two each.2. 不定代词的用法比较1) all , every 和 each 的比较all 在表示抽象的整体概念时,作单数,相当于 everything:All was destroyed in the big fire.Grasp all , lose all. 什么都抓,什么都抓不住。(谚 )all 指人时用作复数,意为指三者以上的“全部”、 “全体 ”,相当于 everyone ,例:All are present.She knows us all.all 在人称代词前面,只能用 all of ,而且要与人称代词的宾格us,you,them 等连用 ,如:all of u

19、s ,而不能说成 all us 。every 用于三个或三个以上的人或物, 是“每一个 ”的意思, 只能作定语, 强调整体概念 ,例:Every player is present.They helped us in every way.在表示“每个” 、“全体”意思时, every 的意思与 all 很接近。但一般情况下 every 和单数 名词搭配, all 和复数名词搭配, 例:Every child enjoys Christmas.All children enjoy Christmas.Each 也是“每一个 ”的意思,但与 every 不同, each 用于指两个或两个以上的人或

20、物,着重 于个别概念, 例:Two men came into the room. Each carried an umbrella.Each book on this desk is worth reading.He gave three to each(of them).2) some 和 any 的比较不定代词 some ,any 都是 “一些 ”的意思,都可和可数名词或不可数名词连用。some 一般用于肯定句中;而 any 则用于否定句、疑问句或条件从句中,例:Have you any questions ?If there are any new magazines in the l

21、ibrary, take some for me.注意:在表示请求或建议,希望得到肯定回答的疑问句中,应用some而不用any,例:Would you like some sugar ?some 还可用于盼望得到肯定答复的疑问句,如:Isn t there some ink in that bottle ?当 any 表示 “任何 ”或 “无论哪一个 ”的意义时, 可用于肯定句, 此时 any 要重读, 例: Any one will do. 任何一个都行。You may come at any time that is convenient to you.some ,any 和 body ,

22、one ,thing 构成合成代词 somebody ,someone ,something ,anybody , anyone , anything 等和 some ,any 的基本用法一样,由 some 构成的合成代词一般用于肯 定句,由 any 构成的合成代词一般用于否定句和疑问句。如果要在疑问句中表示请求, 建议等肯定的意思或者盼望得到肯定的答复, 须用 somebody , someone 或 something 。3)many 、 much 和 few 、 littlemany( 很多 ),few( 很少 ) ,a few( 有几个 ) 是表示数的代词, 用以代替或修饰可数名词;

23、much( 很 多),little(很少),a little(有一些)是表示量的代词,用以代替或修饰不可数名词。a few和 a little 表示肯定的意义,而 few 和 little 则表示否定意义。这些词一般作定语时较多, 有时也可作主语、宾语,例: She has as many books as you. ( 定语 )I have few books to lend you.Many have come to the meeting.He knows little about it.How much is it ?注意:a lot(of) ,plenty of 等一类的短语相当于m

24、any和much,可修饰可数或不可数名词,一般用于肯定句:She has a lot of books on this subject.4)other(s) , the other 和 anotherother 表示“另一个 ”的意思,在句中可作主语、宾语或定语,不独立使用,通常修饰可数名 词复数。其复数形式是 others ,可独立使用,无范围限定。 other 和 others 前面加定冠词 the 时是特指,表示两个中的一个;前面不带定冠词 the 时,表示泛指, 例:I have two brothers. One is a doctor, the other is a teacher

25、. ( 特指,作主语 )He is always ready to help others. ( 泛指,作宾语 )another( 另外一个,又一个 )只能代替或修饰单数名词,可用作主语、宾语或定语,不独立使用。 它实际上是由 an+ other 构成的,因此前面不可再用冠词,即不定指 。例:Don t lose heart.Have another try. ( 作定语 )I have got three English novels. One is written by Charles Dickens , another(is written)by Mark Twain , and the third(is written)by Bronte. (作主语 )another 后面还可以跟 few 或带数字的复数名词, 例:Just think what our town will be like in another few years.You d better stay in bed for another two weeks.

展开阅读全文
温馨提示:
1: 本站所有资源如无特殊说明,都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007和PDF阅读器。图纸软件为CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.压缩文件请下载最新的WinRAR软件解压。
2: 本站的文档不包含任何第三方提供的附件图纸等,如果需要附件,请联系上传者。文件的所有权益归上传用户所有。
3.本站RAR压缩包中若带图纸,网页内容里面会有图纸预览,若没有图纸预览就没有图纸。
4. 未经权益所有人同意不得将文件中的内容挪作商业或盈利用途。
5. 装配图网仅提供信息存储空间,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对用户上传分享的文档内容本身不做任何修改或编辑,并不能对任何下载内容负责。
6. 下载文件中如有侵权或不适当内容,请与我们联系,我们立即纠正。
7. 本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。
关于我们 - 网站声明 - 网站地图 - 资源地图 - 友情链接 - 网站客服 - 联系我们

copyright@ 2023-2025  zhuangpeitu.com 装配图网版权所有   联系电话:18123376007

备案号:ICP2024067431-1 川公网安备51140202000466号


本站为文档C2C交易模式,即用户上传的文档直接被用户下载,本站只是中间服务平台,本站所有文档下载所得的收益归上传人(含作者)所有。装配图网仅提供信息存储空间,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对上载内容本身不做任何修改或编辑。若文档所含内容侵犯了您的版权或隐私,请立即通知装配图网,我们立即给予删除!