时态和语态

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1、 被动语态一被动语态的构成：助动词be+动词的过去分词。助动词be随着主语的人称、数、时态的变化而变化，时态由助动词be体现出来。二各种时态的主动语态和被动语态时态 主动语态 被动语态一般现在时 do/does am/is/are +done一般过去时 did was/were+done一般将来时 will/shall do will/shall+be done过去将来时 would/should do would/should+be done现在进行时 am/is/are doing am/is/are+being done过去进行时 was/were doing was/were+bein

2、g done现在完成时 have/has done have/has+been done过去完成时 had done had+been done将来进行时 will/shall be doing will/shall be +be doing将来完成时 will/shall have done will/shall +have been done三将下列句子改写成被动语态。1.I require you to do this now.2.She told me the story.3.We shall discuss the problem tomorrow.4.The local villa

3、gers would plant more trees.5.The workers are building a new stadium.6.My daughter was watching TV when I got home last night.7.She has read the novel.8.He had finished his task before he left for Beijing.四More practice1.Practice on page 5.2. Practice on page 67.主谓一致一“主谓一致”是指谓语动词与主语必须在人称、数上保持一致，即主语是

4、复数，谓语也用复数形式，如are, were, have等，主语是单数，谓语要用单数形式，如：is, was, has, works等。在具体处理一致关系时可遵循以下四原则: 语法一致、意义一致、就近一致、就远一致。二主谓一致的具体情况1. 由and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念，一个人的双重身份或匹配出现的事物时谓语动词为单数，由and连接的两个并列成分表示两个不同的概念时，谓语动词用复数。 The worker and writer is from Wuhan. (那个工人兼作家) The worker and the writer are from Beijing. (那位工人和那位作家)

5、常见的由and连接的指一个概念的有：the needle and thread 针线 salt and water盐和水the folk and knife 刀叉 iron and steel 钢铁time and tide 岁月 (时间和潮水) bread and butter 黄油面包a horse and carriage 一套马车2. every one of one of +复数名词作主语，谓语用单数 each of either of 3. 表示时间、距离、金钱等复数名词作主语，表达一个整体概念时，谓语用单数。 4.every and (every), each and (each

6、) 连接两个单数名词作主语，谓语用单数 no and (no) , many a and (many a) 5. 集体名词class, family, army, team, club, population, enemy, party, crowd, majority, crew, audience, public, government, group等作主语，强调整体用单数，指个体成员用复数。 1）. 有的集合名词总是用作单数(不可数)：clothing衣服，poetry 诗歌，baggageluggage 行李，furniture家俱，scenery 景色等。 2）. 有的集合名词总是表

7、示复数意义(但不用复数形式)：people人，police警察，cattle牲口等。6. all, none, some, any 等不定代词作主语，根据其指代的内容而定。 7. “half / most / enough / part / the rest / the last / lots / plenty / 分数 / 百分数 + of + 名词”作主语,谓语动词要和 of 之后的名词单复数保持一致。 8.由or, eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also，notbut 等连接的并列主语，谓语动词常和靠近的名词在单复数上保持一致就近原则。 9. 由there be引导的句子，当主语不是一个时，谓语动词通常与最近的主语 一致。10. 主语后跟 “with / along with / together with / including / but / except / like / among / as well as / no more than / besides / rather than +名词”结构时，谓语动词一般和前面的主语保持一致就远原则。主谓一致练习一填空题。