2019考博英语作文词汇短语素材整理

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1、2019 考博英语作文词汇短语素材整理2018 考博英语作文词汇短语素材：经济贸易类1. 改革产业结构 reform the structure of industries2. 亏损企业 loss-making enterprises3. 搞活企业 enliven enterprises4. 加快现代化步伐 quicken the modernization drive5. 跨国公司 transnational corporation / multinationalcorporation6. 乡镇企业 township enterprises7. 国有企业 state-owned enterp

2、rises8. 合资企业 joint ventures9. 解放生产力 emancipate/ liberate productivity10. 振兴国家经济 invigorate our state economy11. 实行股份制 introduce the shareholding system12. 全面深化改革 deepen reform all round13. 提升经济效益 improve economic results14. 增进效益 increase economic returns15. 宏观经济调控 macro-economic control and manageme

3、nt16. 经济实力 economic strength17. 经济转轨 economic transformation18. 经营机制 operative mechanism19. 整顿经济秩序 rectify economic order20. 引进竞争机制 introduce a competitive mechanism21. 建立技术密集型企业 set up technologically-intensiveenterprises22. 招商引资 canvass business and introduce investment23. 房地产 real estate24. 经济特区

4、special economic zone25. 基础设施 infrastructure facilities26. 豆腐渣工程 jerry-built projects27. 投资热点 investment hot spot28. 外向型经济 export-oriented economy29. 按劳分配 distribute according to the work performance30. 打破平均主义 break / abandon equalitarian31. 沿海开放城市 open coastal cities32. 保税区 bonded zone/ area33. 金融改

5、革 banking system34. 国民生产总值 Gross National Product35. 扶贫项目 anti-poverty project36. 下海经商 plunge into the private business37. 协调发展 coordinate the development38. 住房改革 housing reform39. 社会保障体系 social security system40. 数字时代 digital times41. 信息高速公路 the information superhighway42. 虚拟社区 virtual communities4

6、3. “菜蓝子”工程 the “shopping - basket ” project ( thenon-staple food project)44. 拳头产品 knock-out products/ competitive products45. 市场萧条 slack market46. 中国质量万里行 Chinas Long March to Qualitycampaign47. 冒牌产品 fake brand-name products48. 假冒伪劣商品 fake and poor quality commodities49. 谋取暴力 reap colossal profits50

7、. 提出索赔 lodge a claim51. 投诉 lodge complaint52. 贸易争端 trade disputes53. 乱收费 random charges54. 市场疲软 sluggish market55 . 贸易顺差 favorable trade balance56. 贸易逆差 unfavorable trade balance57. 实行优惠政策 launch a preferential policy58. 繁荣市场 flourish the market59. 加入世贸组织 accession to the WTO/ entry into the WTO60.

8、最惠国待遇 Most-Favored-Nation treatment61. 消费者协会 consumers association62. 消费者购买力 consumer purchasing power63. 新兴市场 emerging market64. 抑制消费 control / inhibit consumption65. 无形资产 intangible assets66. 有形资产 tangible assets67. 市场占有率 market share68. 严重违约 grave breach of contract69. 泡沫经济 bubble economy70. 品牌效应

9、 brand effect71. 企业重组 reshuffle of enterprises72. 贸易壁垒 trade barrier73. 人才流失 brain drain74. 清理“三角债” break up the debt chain75. 企业文化 corporate culture76. 商业炒作 commercial speculation77. 扩大内需，刺激消费 expand domestic demand andconsumption78. 拉动经济增长 fuel economic growth79. 连锁反应 chain reaction / domino effec

10、t80. 竞争优势 competitive edge81. 经济结构调整 economic restructuring82. 经济增长点 economic growth point ; growth engine83. 经济过热 overheated economy84. 经济滑坡 economic downturn85. 集约化经营 intensive management86. 灰色收入 gray income87. 福利分房 welfare-oriented public housing distributionsystem88. 分期付款 installment payment89.

11、从粗放经济转变为集约经济 shift from extensive economyto intensive economy90. 按揭购房 buy a house on a mortgage ; mortgage a house91. 边际效益 marginal benefit92. 不良贷款 non-performing loan93. 裁减冗员 lay off redundant staff; cut down onoverstaffing94. 产品更新换代 upgrade of products95. 创业园 high-tech business incubator; pioneer

12、park96. 促动世界经济一体化 foster integration with the globaleconomy97. 家庭联产承包责任制 household contract responsibilitysystem98. 人才战 competition for talented people99. 脱贫致富 shake/cast off poverty and set out a road toprosperity100. 资源优化配置 optimizing the allocation of resources2018 考博英语作文词汇短语素材：政治类101. 不正之风 bad /

13、 harmful practice102. 霸权主义 hegemonism103. 奔小康 strive for a better-off life104. 论资排辈 assign priority according to seniority105. 持续发展 sustainable development106. 重复建设 redundant project107. 大锅饭 egalitarian practice ( of everyone takingfood from the same big pot)108. 多极化 multi-polarization109. 科学技术是第一生产

14、力 Science and technology are theprimary productive force.110. 机构臃肿 overstaffing in organization111. 机构改革 institutional restructuring; streamlining112. 反腐倡廉 fight corruption and build a cleangovernment113. 窗口行业 service trade114. 核心竞争力 core competitiveness115. 减员增效 downsizing of staff and improvingeff

15、iciency116. 减轻农民负担 reduce farmer s burdens; lighten theburden on them117. 跨越式发展 great-leap-forward development118. 跨世纪发展 trans-century project119. 民主集中制 democratic centralism120. 讲诚信反欺诈 honor credibility and oppose cheating121. 强权外交 power diplomacy122. 人浮于事 overstaffing123. 侵吞公款 embezzle public fund

16、s124. 群带关系 networking through petticoat influence125. 求同存异 seek common ground on major issues whileshelving differences on minor ones126. 滥用权力 abuse ones power; misuse one s authority127. 廉政建设 build a clean and honest government128. 三步走战略 the three-step development strategy129. 三讲教育 three emphases e

17、ducation emphasizetheoretical study, political awareness and good conduct130. 三峡工程 Three gorges project131. 贪污腐化 corruption and degeneration132. 思想僵硬 fossilized concept133. 西部开发 the development of China s west134. 发展是硬道理 Development is an invariable truth135. 坚持四项基本原则 uphold the four cardinal princi

18、ples136. 地方保护主义 regional protectionism137. 拜金主义 money worship138. 行贿受贿 give and take bribery139. 走后门 get in by the back door / enter by the backdoor140. 和平演变 peaceful evolution141. 贪脏枉法 take bribes and bend the law142. 以权谋私 abusing power for money143. 拉关系 try to establish a relationship with sb.144.

19、 权钱交易 trading power for money145. 扫黄运动 anti-pornography campaign146. 公款吃喝 enjoy banquet on public funds147. “一国两制”的原则 the principle of “one country,two systems ：”148. 两大主题 two principle themes149. 坚持一个中国立场 stick to one-China position150. 全国人民代表大会 National People s Congress151. 与国际接轨 synchronize with

20、 the world; accord withinternational norms152. 社会主义物质文明 socialist material wellbeing153. 社会主义精神文明 socialist culture and ideology154. 实现中华民族伟大复兴 bring about a greatrejuvenation of the Chinese nation155. 歪风邪气 unhealthy practices and evil phenomena156. 温暖工程 adequate food and clothing program157. 知识产权 i

21、ntellectual property right158. 综合国力 comprehensive national strength159. 最低生活保障制度 systems for ensuring a minimumstandard of living160. 政企分开 separate government functions fromenterprise management161. 与时俱进 keep pace with the times162. 闲置人员 idle hand163. 养老保险 endowment insurance164. 以经济建设为中心 focus on t

22、he central task ofeconomic construction165. 下岗职工基本生活费 subsistence allowance for laid-off workers166. 世界观人生观价值观 world outlook, outlook onlife and values167. 实事求是 seek truth from facts168. 试点工程 pilot project169. 政府廉洁高效 clean and efficient government170. 战略伙伴关系 strategic partnership2018 考博英语作文词汇短语素材：教育

23、与科学技术类171. 科技含量 technology content172. 科教兴国 rely on science, technology and educationto rejuvenate the nation173. 可持续发展战略 strategy of sustainable development174. 工业园区 industrial park175. 技术密集型产品 technology-intensive product176. 新兴学科 new branch of science177. 边缘学科 frontier science178. 高速宽带互联网 high-sp

24、eed broadband networks179. 电脑病毒 computer viruses180. 电子商务 e-commerce; e-business181. 黑客 hacker182. 数字地球 digital globe183. 局域网 local area network184. 人工智能 artificial intelligence185. 网上冲浪 web-surfing186. 网络世界 cyber world187. 网上犯罪 cyber crime188. 信息高速公路 information highland189. 网民 netizen190. 虚拟现实 vir

25、tual reality191. 克隆 cloning192. 基因工程 genetic engineering193. 转基因食品 genetically modified food194. “神舟六号”载人飞船 manned spacecraft Shenzhou VI195. 掌上电脑 palm computer196. 主页 home page197. 语音信箱 voice mail198. 网络经济 cyber-economy199. 网虫 netter; Internet geek200. 网恋 cyber romance; virtual romance201. 高精尖技术 hi

26、gh-grade, high-precision, advancedtechnology202. 科技扶贫 support poor areas using technology203. 科研攻关 work towards key technologicalbreakthroughs204. 自费研究生 self-supporting graduate student205. 委托培养 consign the training of personnel to acertain school206. 填鸭式教学 cramming method of teaching207. 启发式教学 heur

27、istic education208. 复合型人才 interdisciplinary talent209. 论文答辩 thesis oral defense210. 素质教育 quality-oriented education211. 教书育人 impart knowledge and educate people212. 九年制义务教务教育 nine-year compulsory education213. 德智体美劳全面发展all around development of moral,intellectual,physical,aesthetics and labor educat

28、ion214. 知识产权 intellectual property215. 因材施教 teach students according to their aptitude216. 硕博连读a continuous academic program that involves postgraduateand doctoral study217. 双学位 double degree218. 双向选择 two-way selection219. 人才流失 brain drain220. 陶冶情操 cultivate one s taste and temperament221. 学生减负 alle

29、viate the burden on students222. 学术交流 academic exchanges223. 学科带头人 pace-setter in scientific research224. 德才兼备 have both political integrity and ability225. 攻读硕士学位 study for a doctoral degree226. 文科生 students of liberal arts227. 理科生 students of science228. 爱国主义教育 education in patriotism229. 择优录取 enr

30、oll the excellent students230. 毕业论文 graduation thesis231. 毕业设计 graduation project232. 义务教育 compulsory education233. 高等教育 higher education234. 选修课程 optional courses235. 主修课程 major courses236. 重点学科 key disciplinary areas237. 德智体全面发展的学生students who are well developed morally, intellectuallyand physical

31、ly238. 教育部 Ministry of Education239. 博士生导师 doctoral supervisors240. 世界观人生观价值观 word outlook, outlook on lifeand values2018 考博英语作文词汇短语素材：文化社会生活类241. 彩票 lottery ticket242. 保健食品 health-care food243. 暴发户 new rich; upstart244. 民工潮 farmer s frenzied hunt for work in cities245. 下岗工人 laid-off workers246. 人口老

32、龄化 aging/ graying population247. 人口高峰 baby boom248. 人口负增长 negative population growth249. 流动人口 moving population250. 收视率 viewing rate251. 售后服务 after-sale service252. 再就业工程 re-employment project253. 自由职业者 free lancer254. 性别歧视 sexual discrimination255. 性价比 cost performance256. 水货 smuggled goods257. 水土流

33、失 soil erosion258. 文化渗透 cultural infiltration259. 跳槽 job-hopping260. 抢购 panic buying261. 甩卖 clearance sale262. 公益广告 public-interest advertisement263. 让利 offer discounts264. 出国热 craze for going abroad265. 社会福利制度 the social welfare system266. 享受公费医疗 enjoy public health care267. 世界卫生组织 World Health Org

34、anization (WHO)268. 黄昏恋 twilight love269. 贺岁片 New Year film270. 记者招待会 press/ news conference271. 卖淫嫖娼 prostitute oneself and visit prostitutes272. 制造假钞 make the false notes273. 吸毒者 a drug addict274. 出售黄色录像 sell obscene video tapes275. 传销 pyramid-selling; multi-level marketing2018 考博英语作文词汇短语素材：环境法律医疗

35、类等276. 温室效应 green-house effect277. 沙漠化 desertification278. 过度放牧 overgrazing279. 过度捕鱼 over-fishing280. 滥砍乱伐 clear-cutting281. 退耕还林 return cultivated land to forest282. 沙尘暴 sand storm283. 生态危机 ecological forest284. 破坏生态平衡 destroy / upset the ecological balance285. 自然保护区 nature reserve286. 环境绿化 environ

36、mental greening287. 禽流感 bird flu288. 疯牛病 mad cow disease/ BSE289. 口蹄疫 foot-and-mouth disease290. 非典 severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)291. 偷税骗税 tax evasion and tax fraud292. 扫黄打非 eliminate pornography and illegalpublications293. 严打斗争 strike-hard campaign294. 公正合理的国际政治经济新秩序a new and rational new international political andeconomic order295. 外交纷争 diplomatic disputes296. 维护世界和平 safeguard world peace297. 国际惯例 international common practice298. 民族分裂主义 ethnic separatism299. 宗教极端主义 religious extremism300. 世界的基本格局 basic world pattern