2022年上海名校高中自主招生英语直通车-14 语法易错、易漏点总结

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1、第14讲：语法易错、易漏点总结考点归纳、考前巩固、真题链接 语法易错 易漏点归纳、例题 一、形容词副词的比较级、最高级及基本用法1 .特别注意倍数关系的表达方法:as + adj,原级 + asA +v./be-F倍数/分数+the price / size / weight / age / amount / length . + of a/adv.比较级 + thanthat / those of说明：其中|倍数/分数词|也可为half, twice, three times等,同级比较时则可省去1) I would have paid for the dress if the sales

2、girl had insisted, because I really wanted it.A. as much twice B. twice as much C. twice more than D. more than twice2) Smoking is so harmful to health that it kills people each year as automobile accidents.A. as seven times manyB. seven times as manyC. as many as seven timesD. seven times as3) At a

3、 rough estimate, Nigeria is Great Britain.A. three times the size as B. the size three times ofC. three times as the size ofD. three times the size of4) Paper produces every year is the worlds production of vehicles.A. as three times heavy asB. the three times weight ofC. three times heavier thanD.

4、as heavy as three times5) During the promotion, all the second-hand computers were sold at a price before.A. 30% as lower as B. as 30% low as C. lower 30% than D. 30% lower than2 .特别注意复合形容词的表达方法:three-year-old boys, mans four-legged friend, etc.特别注意-ed型及-ing型形容词的不同之处：前者用于描述人的感受，后者用于修饰引发该感受的人或事；或说, 前

5、者通常带有被动或完成意义，后者则通常带有主动意义，如boiling water （沸腾的水）u boiled water （煮开了 的水）a pleasing voice （悦耳的嗓音）u a pleased look （满意的表情）1) The three judges in Chinas Got Talent were moved to tears by the story of the young couple.A. touchB. touchingC. touchedD. being touched2) Wen Jiabao, Premier of the RPC, tends to

6、comfort victims on the spot as soon as he can.A. disasters-strickenB. disaster-strickenC. disasters stricken D. disaster stricken3) Every day the dustmen collect as many as from the river.A. ten tons garbageB. ten-ton-garbagesC. ten tons garbageD. ten tons garbages4) Many students signed up for the

7、race in the sports meeting to be held next week.A. 800-metre-longB. 800-metres-longC. 800 metre lengthD. 800 metres length5) It is believed that if a book is, it will surely the reader.A. interested.interestB. interesting.be interestedC. interested.be interestingD. interesting.interest3. 特别注意so / su

8、ch的结构：such修饰名词（直接置于名词词组前，如a nice girl - such a nice girl）, so修饰形容词或副词（故其后直 接跟形容词或副词），such/so结构类似于what/how的固定结构；当such修饰可数名词单数时可将其 与so结构互换；若such修饰不可数名词或可数名词复数时则无法互换；当many, few, little, much表“多少”修饰名词时只能用so;若little不表多少，且修饰可数名词单数时只能用such特别注意 the more the more .结构：其中形容词、副词根据其对应的比较级形式替换“the more”,结构中常伴有省略或

9、倒装特别注意too much与much too的区别：too much +九U而much too + .谨记”什么结尾接什么二 如too一般修饰形容词，故词组以too结 尾后接形容词注意too.to .的结构常带有否定含义，注意其搭配：too nice a man to be true1) Leukemia (白血病)is disease that the very mention of it strikes terror into our heart.A. a so dreadfulB. so dreadful aC. such dreadfillD. a such dreadful2) G

10、enerally speaking, the harder your work is,.A. the less youll have free timeC. the less free time will you have3) The more skill a man has,.A. the more he has opportunities for jobsC. the more opportunities does he have4) We were in8. you UI have less free timeD. the less free time youll haveB. the

11、more opportunities he has for jobsD. the many more opportunities has hewhen we left that we forgot the airline tickets.A. a rush so anxious B. a such anxious rush C. so anxious a rush D. such anxious a rush5) Its high time you had your hair cut; its getting.A. too much long B. much too long C. long

12、too much D. too long much6) The London Philharmonic Orchestra is going to play a Mozart symphony at the Shanghai Grand Theatre next month, which is to miss.A. a too nice chance B. too nice a chance C. too nice chance D. too a nice chance4. 特别关注比较级、最高级词组的深层含义，如He is the last one I want to meet. = I d

13、ont want to meet him.I have never seen a higher building. = This is the highest building I have ever seen. He is taller than any other student. = He is the tallest student.1) The teachers are so boring. I have never attended a tutorial center before.A. badB. worstC. worseD. better2) - Did you enjoy

14、your journey to Hainan?-Yes. I have never been to a place before.A. beautifulB. most beautifulC. more beautifulD. less beautiful3) Of ail the times Id ever talked with him, this was conversation wed ever had.A. the strangestB. the strangerC. a strangerD. a strange4) Of the two sisters, Alice is one,

15、 and she is also the one who loves to be quiet.A. a youngerB. a youngestC. the youngerD. the youngest5) Of the two phones, Id choose one to spare some money for books.A. the most expensive B. the more expensive C. the least expensive D. the less expensive5. 特别注意常见的asas词组，如as long as, as far as, as s

16、oon as特别注意形式相近的词组，如more . than more than, no more than, not more than能根据题意选择合适的比较级或最高级酗1) After supper she would sit down by the fire, sometimes for an hour, thinking of her young and happydays.A. as long asB.as soon asC.as much asD.as many as2) A typhoon swept across this area with heavy rains and

17、winds strong as 113 miles per hour.A. tooB.veryC.soD.as3) In my view, Londons not as expensive in price as Tokyo but Tokyo is in traffic.A. the most organizedB.more organizedC.so organized asD.as organized as4) Alan is a careful driver, but he drives of my friends.A. more carefullyB.the most careful

18、lyC.less carefullyD.the least carefully5) Some think you can relievestress by throwing platesagainst a wall youcan because of worst financialcrisis.A. as harder asB. as hard asC. as much as hard D. as hard so二、介词6. 重点掌握常见的介词用法及固定搭配，如at the end of, within / beyond重点区分如between与among等词之间的区别注意从句中介词的搭配，如

19、to some extentI dont have a pen to write with.Ol) Some people always take the risk of crossing the street moving vehicles.A. amongB. inC. alongD. between2) It is useful to be able to predict the extent which price changes will affect supply and demand.A. fromB. withC. forD. to3) There was an acciden

20、t the crossroads at midnight last night.A. inB. onC. atD. by4) Many households in my neighborhood hire housemaids, who are paid the hour.A. toB. forC. byD. over5) People often hurry the child his natural learning speed but this can set up dangerous feeling of failureand great worry in the child.A. b

21、eyondB. fromC. inD. by6) We talked a cup of tea.A. withB. byC. overD. at7) It saves much time and raises efficiency in class to have what you use a lot easy reach.A. nearB. uponC. withinD. around8) A newly designed robot can show the customers the exhibition hall and say farewells at the end of thet

22、our.A. aroundB. aboutC. intoD. at9) The small shopkeeper was busy from dawn dust but he was always well organized.A. atB. onC. tillD. in10) An international conference community service is going to be held next month.A. atB. inC. forD. on7. 重点掌握常见的含介词的动词词组搭配，如congratulate sb. on, shake hands with, p

23、rovide sb. with sth., provide sth. /or sb.|accuse / assure / convince / cure / inform / relieve / remind / rnb / warn| sb. of sth., blame sb. far sth., blame sth. on sb.陋1) What I am convinced is that the worlds population will grow to an unforeseen extent.A. forB. inC. withD. of2) It was not until

24、the second year that he adapted himself the college life.A. inB. toC. atD. on3) Washington, the capital of the United States, is named a former president in American history.A. ofB. afterC. toD. as8.除需掌握常见的介词搭配外，介词试题还需特别审题，以免直接根据固定搭配作出判断忽略句子成分, 大意失荆州，如Leaves are found on all kinds of trees, but they

25、 differ greatly in size and shape.此处若根据搭配differ from选择from则忽略了 in size and shape此处作状语腼Ol) The Internet is growing rapidly because it provides fast access news and a chance to comment on it.A. forB. ofC. toD. with2) What is the diflerence pronunciation between these two words?A. fromB. inC. ofD. by3)

26、 A new study shows anger may help people reduce the negative impacts stress and help you becomehealthier.A. inB. ofC. onD. at4) We should prevent pollution happily.A. to liveB. for livingC. from livingD. living9 .许多动词、名词、形容词后常可跟许多不同的介词（或副词）表示不同的含义，或根据介词宾语的不同 调整介词，也需关注常见的可跟不同介词（或副词）的动词包括 agree, break

27、, call, come, get, give, go, keep, look, make, put, set, take等，常见的可跟不同介词的形容词包括be famous |for / to / assth. be familiar to sb. sb. be familiar with sth.等1) Barcelona is famous, among other things,its outstanding architecture.A. asB. forC. ofD. to2) How can we make it to them for all the worry weve ca

28、used them?A. offB. forC. outD. up3) With the economic crisis hand, and the unemployment rate on the rise, career planning will definitelybenefit you.A. inB. onC. byD. at代词10 .能根据句意区分意思相近的代词，如both, all, either, neither, every, each, any, no one表示“全体”可用all和both,但all指三个或以上的人或物，both指两个人或物表示“全体都不”的意思，当指三

29、个或以上的人或物通常用none,间或也可用noone,但noone只能 指人，若表示两个人或物则通常用neither表示全体中的“每个”，若该“全体”含三个或以上的人或物，通常用eveiy,若该“全体”含两个或 以上的人或物，通常用each; every与each区别还在于every指“每个”，侧重于“全体”，近乎all的 含义，而each则指“各个”，侧重于“个别”表示全体中的“任何一个”，若该“全体”含三个或以上，通常用any,若该“全体”只包含两个，通 常用either;特殊地，在on either side, on either end等词组中either可兼指两个又如 the oth

30、er(s), other(s)带-s的词(指others / the others)为代词,不带s的可修饰名词;the other指的是一定范围内除去一部分 后的全体，other指的是除去一部分的另一部分，但不是全体1)Shanghai is really a fascinating city and weve decided to stay fbrtwo weeks.A. anotherB. otherC. the otherD. otherso2)No progress was made in the trade talk as neither side would accept the

31、conditions of.A. othersB. the otherC. eitherD. another3)I made so many changes in my composition that only I could read it. Toelse, it was hard to make out.A. noneB. everyoneC. someoneD. anyone4)-Do you want tea or coffee?-. I really dont mind.A. NoneB. NeitherC. EitherD. All5)-Wow! Youve got so man

32、y clothes.-Butof them are in fashion now.A. allB. bothC. neitherD. none11 .反身代词、物主代词、人称代词等也是高考的一个重点反身代词常与 dress, seat, buy, find, enjoy, behave, stretch, express, help 等搭配 另一考点在于宾格、属格的选择问题上，常见于动名词，如/ I dont mind john I Johns / him / 力N buying another one./ They caught him cheating on the exam, x The

33、y caught his cheating on the exam. / His coming late made me angry.x Him / He coming late made me angry.例题1) 一 Who called me this morning when I was out?-A man calling Robert.A. himB. himselfC. hisD. /2) Victor apologized for to inform me of the change in the plan.A. his being not able B. him not to

34、 be ableC. his not being ableD. him to be not able3) The teachers asked their children to behave when they were in class.A. themB. theyC. themselvesD. their四、反意疑问句、并列句、感叹句12.反意疑问句是高考间或出现的一个语法项，需特别注意：反意疑问句陈述部分出现如never, seldom, hardly的词否定前移问题缩略式飞(或d)的含义问题祈使句的反意疑问句反意疑问句的简短问句中的代词问题“看主不看从“，并列句就近原则lets 与

35、let us能根据句意判断并列句所用词，注意诸如fiirthermore, however等词非连词在判断使用谓语动词还是非谓语动词时，注意句子中的and, or等词是否存在，句子是否为祈使句 感叹句结构类似于so / such结构1) You and I can hardly work together,?A. could youB. couldnt IC. couldnt weD. could we2) That they failed to collect enough money fbr the project discouraged the manager,?A. did theyB

36、. did itC. didnt theyD. didnt it3) The photography exhibition was a great success in the United States,the organizers have decided to take it to the UK.A. butB. althoughC. forD. so4） several times, but Mary still has no idea of how to do it properly.A. Being shown B. Having shown C. Having been show

37、n D. Fve shown her5） to dive into water from high board!A. What a fun it is B. How funny it is C. How fun it is D. What fun it is6） There must have been something wrong with him,he had never lost his way in a big city.A. forB. andC. butD. or7） The boys have been playing computers for a long time, an

38、d they should have stopped doing it, because they will have to prepare for the exam tomorrow,they?A. haveB. shouldntC. wontD. didnt五、动词的时态、语态非谓语动词13.当句子结构、成分复杂时，许多学生很难分清哪里该填谓语动词、非谓语动词，若单凭句意解题很容 易导致错选，此时“结构最大(Siructure First Principle)99原理就能派上大用场了，结构最大”指的是 一般情况下，一句句子中只允许有一个谓语动词；若要添加一个谓语动词，则需加入一个连词；若不

39、 增加连词，则需将谓语动词转变为非谓语动词：一般情况下，将句中所省略的连词全部补全，若有连 词”个，则从句有个，谓语动词有 + 1个 非一般情况：谓语动词联动，如During the holiday, we visited the scenic spots, discovered the forest, enjoyed the traditional food and had a spa experience in the village.1） To balance a budget is to show that the sum of a mans earnings the sum of h

40、is expenditures.A. equalsB. equalC. equaledD. equaling2） several times, but Mary still has no idea of how to do it properly.A. Being shownB. Having shownC. Having been shown D. Tve shown her3） The kind of books an author writes on the kind of man who he is.A. dependingB. dependC. dependedD. depends1

41、4.谓语动词（词组）的时态、语态需注意：根据上下文情况（包括对话语气、内容以及last year等的时态提示词）设定基准时态（过去、现在、将来）， 判断空格动作与已知动作的时态先后关系；熟记一些常见短语时态搭配关系（如when引导的时间状语 从句等）；注意动词是否为不及物动词（即一般不用被动语态，如take place）:注意特殊动词（如belong to） 一般不用将来时，无被动；注意真正的被动语态定包含be或其变形动词过去分词两部分，在注意 动词是否该使用被动语态时，还需注意诸如be doing, had done, have been doing等都非被动语态；注意 特殊动词(如prov

42、e, taste, blame)一般不用被动：注意最常见的“主将从现1) Send my regards to your lovely wife when you home.A. wroteB. will writeC. have writtenD. write2) - Do you know if Terry will go camping this weekend?-Terry? Never! She tents and fresh air!A. has hatedB. hatedC. will hateD. hates3) In recent years many football cl

43、ubs as business to make a profit.A. have runB. have been runC. had been runD. will run4) Once a satellite into orbit round Pluto, scientists will be able to find a great deal.A. will be putB. has been put C. would be putD. was put5) - Did you tidy your room?-No, I was going to tidy my room but I vis

44、itors.A. hadB. haveC.have hadD. willhave15.非谓语动词中的一大考点即to do与doing的选择，弄清哪些动词后必须直接跟doing,哪些动词后必 须直接跟iodo,哪些动词后可加宾语再加doing或to do,哪些动词后跟doing, to do意思有区别等(一 般将诸如advise sb. to do记作固定搭配即可)注意to到底是不定式符号还是介词注意let, see等动词对非谓语动词的选择情况以及to的还原问题注意动词不定式的to省略问题注意分清句子结构再确定该选择何种非谓语动词1) Im sure that the editor will s

45、pare no effort to do everything he ought to informed of what is going onin the world each day.A. keep usB. keep us beC. to keep us beD. to keep us2) Eugenes never willing to alter any of his opinions. Ifs no use with him.A. to argueB. arguingC. arguedD. have argued3) There is nothing more I can try

46、you to stay, so I wish you good luck.A. being persuaded B. persuadingC. to be persuadedD. to persuade4) The day we had been looking forward to at last.A. comeB. cameC. comingD. be coming5) He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldn,t risk the good opportunity.A. to loseB. losingC. to

47、be lostD. being lost6) Do you mean that you object to them burning cigarette ends about?A. to leaveB. leavingC. to have leftD. left7) David made up his mind to devote all his life the sick a better life.) A. to helping.living B. to helping.to liveC. to help.to live D. to help.living16.非谓语动词虽无时的标记，但却

48、有体、态的变化，即也需考虑时态、语态，如doing可根据情况变换 为having been done, having done等；特别注意不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词的不同句法功能 (可以不过多区分动名词、现在分词)；注意being done / having done / having been done等都是动名词或 现在分词的变形，而非过去分词的变形，过去分词只有done一种形式，故being done可作句子主语 而done不行；注意非谓语动词的主语1) The advertisement has been heard three times today.A. to broadc

49、astB. have broadcast C. broadcastingD. broadcast2) to the sun for at least two hours every day is helpful to the growth of our bones.A. ExposedB. ExposingC. Being exposed D. Having exposed3) More and more trees were found for lack of water in that area.A. having diedB. diedC. to dieD. to be dying4)

50、According to a WHO press release, studies show that young people are more likely to start smoking if totobacco advertising.A. they exposeB. being exposed C. exposingD. exposed17.非谓语动词还有许多细节地方需要引起注意，如否定词(not等)、人称代词的位置问题、主语一致性问题特殊的动词have也有些需注意的地方，如have . do / doing / done / to be done 的 区 别丽1) Sichuan

51、 cuisine before, we had to watch our stomachs.A. Never having tried B. Never have we tried C. Having never tried D. Never been tried2) Returning from class,.A. he found a letter in the mailboxB. a letter was in the mailboxC. a letter was found in the mailboxD. the mailbox had a letter in it3) Tiger

52、Woods said that he needed to have his attention on being a better husband, father and person.A. focusingB. focusC. be focusedD. focused六、情态动词18. 了解常见情态动词的基本含义，能根据句意选择合适的情态动词，如can/could表能力、允许、请求，否定形式cant表不可能may / might表允许、请求、祝愿must表必须，否定形式mustnt表不许，neednt作没必要也可为must否定彩式shall表允诺、警告、命令should / ought to

53、表应该，表示惊奇”、“赞叹”等情绪will / would表意愿、征求意见特别注意上述情态动词表示推测的可能性大小：UncertainCertainmight 加 could should ought to would will must1) You can imagine that a well-behaved gentleman be so rude to a lady.A. shouldB. couldC. mightD. would2) Black holes not be seen directly, so determining the number of them is a to

54、ugh task.A. canB. shouldC. mustD. need3) His appearance has changed so much that you not recognize him.A. mayB. needC. mustD. ought 19.特别注意“情态动词+|be doing / have done!含义，如modal auxiliary + be doing 一般表示现在或将来，有应当、想必、可能正在等含义|caif t / couldrf t| have done 过去不可能must have done 过去必然发生|may / migh have done

55、过去可能发生却未发生ought to / should! have done过去应该做却未做could have done过去可以完成却未完成（委婉、遗憾）neednt have done表示没必要做但已做完，didnt need to表示没必要做且未做注意边际情态助动词（即兼作实义动词的情态动词）的判别（need/dare）例题1) Guess what! I have got A for my term paper.-Great! You read widely and put a lot of work into it.A. mustB. shouldC. must haveD. sho

56、uld have2) I was really worried about you. You home without a word.A. shouldnt leaveB. neednt have leftC. couldnt leaveD. shouldnt have left3) He a restless person. He kept moving from country to country.A. might beB. must have beenC. should beD. could have been4) Bob said he was going to join our c

57、lub but he didnt. He his mind.A. cant have changedB. wouldnt have changedC. must have changedD. shouldnt have changed5) They dared not ask the librarian fbr help,they?A. didB. dareC. daredD. didnt七、句法（从属分句）20.确定较复杂句子中的连词问题，可先划分句子结构做出选择，再通过“结构最大”原理复核一遍连词 数量与谓语动词数量是否符合关系1） One of the men held the view

58、 the book said was right.A. what thatB. that whatC. thatD. which2） Mother made a promise I passed the college entrance examination she would buy me a mobile phone.A. thatB. if thatC. that ifD. that weather21 .英语语法中存在着以下的对立关系，如主动语态o被动语态 陈述句。疑问句 简单句o复合句在做句法题目时，不必拘泥于试题，如果疑问形式不方便选择则可以变成陈述形式选择，如果复合句 不方便选

59、择则可以先去除修饰成分变成简单句选择；选择题时经常会用到排除法（或称排斥法），在园 哀iF阖的选项旁做好记号可以有效避免误选例题1) Who has common sense will do such a silly thing you did?A. which.whatB. who.asC. whom.thatD. that.as2) Is this we met each other two years ago?A. placeB. place in which C. whereD. place which3) That is the only way we can imagine the

60、 overuse of water in students bathrooms.A. reducingB. to reduceC. reducedD. reduce4) Is it in that factory Red Flag cars are made?A. in whichB. whereC. thatD. which22 .做有关从句的试题时，分清从句类型(即分句类型)能一定程度上降低选择难度判断是何种从句的方法：从句在整个句子中所充当的成分即从句类型，这不同于连词在从句中充当的成分此时结合一些“规律”则可排除一些可以答案，这些“规律”可以是what 一般不作定语从句连接词此外，对于

61、|可省可不看却连词,牢记“不省总是对的”从句问题还需注意其语序问题，这也是一个考察点1)I believe_ youve done your best andthings will improve.A. that./B./C. what.thatD. /.that2)I can tell you _he told me last week.A. all whichB. all whatC. that allD. all that3) His success was because of he had been working hard.A. thatB. the fact whichC. th

62、e fact thatD. the fact4) Now we can see_ problem the population is.A. a what seriousB. such serious aC. how serious aD. so a serious5) 1 really dont know _I had my money stolen.A. when was it thatB. that it was whenC. where it was thatD. it was where that23.名词性从句、状语从句试题需特别注意：whether与if的选择问题是一个考点，两者各有优劣，whether在表示“是否”含义时的适用范围比if 大，而在表示“如果”含义时则只能用if,注意特殊动词doub