小学英语语法高级篇

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1、小学英语语法高级篇第1课 名词名词是指表示人和事物名称的词，可以分为专有名词和普通名词两大类。这里强调两点：不可数名词都默认为单数，所以总是用is或者was。可数名词复数形式的构成规则：a一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds b以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches c以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries d以“f或fe”

2、结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives e不规则名词复数： man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children foot-feet ,.tooth-teeth fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese f以o结尾，表示无生命的物体时加s, 表示有生命的物体时，加es，都读/ z / e.g. photo-photos， piano-pianos， radi

3、o-radios， zoo-zoospotato-potatoes，tomato-tomatoes，mango-mangoes，hero-heroes fish表示鱼的数量时，单复数同形；表示鱼的种类时，复数为fishes.e.g. My cat had two fish for lunch. You can see a lot of different fishes in the lake. g、不可数名词一般只有原形，没有复数形式，但是可以借助量词表示一定的数量。如果表达两个或两个以上的概念时，量词需要用复数形式，不可数名词不变。e.g. a bottle of water ，a cup

4、of coffee，two glasses of milk ，five bags of rice 这种形式用于可数名词时，量词和可数名词都要用复数。e.g. ten baskets of eggs第2课 代词1、人称代词：表示“我、你、他、她、它、我们、你们、他们”的词。我你他她它我们你们他们主格Iyouhesheitweyouthey宾格meyouhimheritusyouthem主格一般用在句子开头做主语，通常用在动词前。e.g. I am a student. They are cleaning the classroom.宾格可以用来表示动作行为的对象，一般用在动词和介词后面。e.g.

5、 Ask her, please. Listen to me carefully.2、物主代词：表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。我的你的他的她的它的我们的你们的他们的形容词性myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名 词 性mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs形容词性物主代词后面一般要带上名词。如：my watch, his cousin, our school名词性物主代词本身就可以看作是名词，故其后不能再加名词，可单独使用。e.g. Is that your bike？ No. Mine is blue. 第3课 形容词形容词用来修饰名词或代词，

6、表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征。它的位置通常放在被修饰的名词前，也可以放在be动词和look、feel、taste、sound、get之后。在英语中，形容词有三个等级，即原级、比较级和最高级。 形容词比较级的构成规则： 一般在词尾加er e.g. taller，longer，stronger，younger 以字母e结尾，只加r e.g. latelater，nicenicer 以辅音字母y结尾，变y为i，再加er e.g. heavyheavier 双写末尾的辅音字母，再加er e.g. fatfatter，thinthinner，bigbigger 双音节和多音节词的比较级，在原级前加mo

7、ree.g. more beautiful，more careful 不规则变化 e.g. good-better，many / much-more，far-farther，bad / ill-worse3、三个或三个以上的人或物进行比较，用形容词最高级。结构为：the + 形容词最高级 in/of等表示范围的短语，表示“最”。e.g. Autumn is the best season in New York.She is the tallest girl of our three.第4 课 介词介词又叫前置词，是一种用来表示词与词、词与句之间关系的词，它一般放在名词、代词（宾格）或动词（动

8、词ing形式）前面。1、in 在里面。如：in the classroom in颜色，穿着颜色的衣服。如：Whos the man in white? in语言，用某种语言说。如：Whats this in English? 在上午、下午、晚上。如：in the morning，in the afternoon，in the evening 在年、月、季节前。如：in 2008，in August，in summer 在国家、城市和较大的地方前。如：in China，in Wuxi，in the playground 固定搭配。 如：in the middle of（在中间），do well

9、in（擅长），in the day（在白天），take part in（参加），stay in bed（躺在床上），in the street（在街上）2、on在上面。 如：on the desk用在某一天（上、下午）前。如：on the 5th of May，on Sunday，on Monday morning以Day结尾的节日前。如： on Childrens Day，on New Years Day 固定搭配。如：on foot（步行），on duty（值日），put on（穿上），get on（上车）turn on（打开），on the right / left（在右边/左边），on

10、 the wall (在墙上)，on Zhongshan Road（在中山路上）注 意：树上长的水果用on the tree；不是树上长的外来物用in the tree。如：I can see a lot of apples on the tree. There is a boy in the tree. 3、at在某个时刻前。如：at seven oclock在传统节日前。如：at Spring Festival，at Mid-Autumn Festival，at Christmas在较小的地点。如：at the bus stop固定搭配。如：at once（立刻，马上），be good a

11、t（擅长），look at（看），at home（在家），at school（在学校）, at weekends（在周末）, at the back of（在后部）, at night（在夜晚）4、under 在下面 如：There is a cat under the table.5、behind 在后面 如：There is an umbrella behind the door.6、near 靠近 如：There is a park near my house.7、beside 在旁边 如：The students are standing beside the teacher.8、ne

12、xt to 紧靠旁边 如：The teachers office is next to our classroom.9、before （时间上）在之前 如： before class（上课前）10、after （时间上）在之后；依照固定搭配： after class（课后），after school（放学后），look after（照看），run after（追赶），read after me（跟我读）11、between 在两者之间 如：There are some trees between Building A and Building B.12、by 乘某种交通工具 如：by bus，

13、by plane，by the way（顺便说一下）13、from be from = come from（来自） 如：Mr Smiths is/comes from Australia.fromto（从到）We go to school from Monday to Friday.14、to 到、去 如：Lets go to the zoo. 固定搭配：write to（给xx写信）15、about 关于；大约如: I want to buy a book about animals. Its about one kilometer away.16、for 为、给 如：Heres a let

14、ter for you. Whats for breakfast?固定搭配：look for （寻找），wait for（等候）17、with 与一起。如：Ill go shopping with my mother.具有某种特征。如：Whos the boy with big eyes?help. with. 在某方面帮助某人 如： Can you help me with my English?play with. 和一起玩；拿玩 如：play with me，play with a yo-yo18、in front of 在前面 如：There is a tree in front of

15、 the classroom.in the front of 在前部 如：There is a blackboard in the front of the classroom.19、along 沿着，顺着 如：Go along this street.20、as 作为 如：What would you like as a birthday present?21、out of 从出来；往之外 如：The dog is running out of the house.22、of 的，属于 如：a map of China ，a map of the world23、off 离开，在之外 如：k

16、eep off the grass（勿踏草坪)，get off（下车）24、up 向上 如：stand up（起立），pull up carrots（拔胡萝卜）25、down 向下 如：sit down（坐下）， jump up and down（上下跳）第5课 数词1、基数词：表示数目多少。1one11eleven21twenty-one2two12twelve22twenty-two3three13thirteen30thirty4four14fourteen40forty5five15fifteen50fifty6six16sixteen60sixty7seven17seventeen7

17、0seventy8eight18eighteen80eighty9nine19nineteen90ninety10ten20twenty100hundred注意：数字“0”可以读作“zero”，也可以读作字母“o”。2、序数词：表示顺序先后。1stfirst11theleventh21sttwenty-first2ndsecond12thtwelfth22ndtwenty-second3rdthird13ththirteenth30ththirtieth4thfourth14thfourteenth40thfortieth5thfifth15thfifteenth50thfiftieth6th

18、sixth16thsixteenth60thsixtieth7thseventh17thseventeenth70thseventieth8theighth18theighteenth80theightieth9thninth19thnineteenth90thninetieth10thtenth20thtwentieth100thhundredth基数词变序数词记忆口诀：一、二、三，需要记，八去t，九省e，ve结尾时，f来代替，ty结尾时，y变ie，再加th，若是几十几，前基后序别忘记。第6课 动词动词是表示动作或行为的词。按其词义和在句子中的作用可以分为连系动词、助动词、情态动词和行为动词

19、。1、be动词（am，is，are） be动词做谓语时，要与主语在人称和数上保持一致。用法口诀: 我用am，你用are，is 用在他、她、它，复数全用are。 如：I am a teacher. You are a student. She is a nurse. We are Chinese. be动词的否定形式：am not(无缩写形式)，is notisnt，are not=arent 2、助动词(do，does，did) do，does用于一般现在时，does用于第三人称单数，其他人称和数用do。其过去式did用于一般过去时。他们通常用在疑问句和否定句中。助动词后动词要用原形。如：Do

20、 you like this film? Does she like playing football?I didnt go to school yesterday. 否定形式：do not = dont，does not =doesnt，did not=didnt3、情态动词（can，may，must，should，will，would，shall等）情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度，表示“可能”，“可以”，“需要”，“必须”，“应当”等意思。情态动词没有人称和数的变化，后面的动词要用原形。1）can和may都可以用来表示请求或允许，但may比can更正式，更客气些。如： Can I

21、 use your pen? May I come in？ 2）must和should must意为“必须，应当”，含有一种命令的语气，比较生硬，不容商量。 should意为“应当，应该”，表示建议或劝告，语气比较委婉，客气。 如：You must finish your homework before you go to bed. You should stay in bed and have a good rest. 3）will和would用于疑问句，表示说话人向对方提出请求或询问，用would比will更委婉，更客气。如：Will you please open the window？

22、 Would you like some coffee? 注意区别：Id like 我想要（接名词） 如：Id like some tea.Id like to 我想要做（接动词原形）如：Id like to go with you.I like 我喜欢（接名词或动名词）如：I like monkeys. I like reading.4） shall 在问句中表示征求对方的意见，主要用于第一人称。如：Shall we go there by bus?5）否定形式：cant，may not，mustnt，shouldnt，wouldnt，shall not4、行为动词行为动词也叫实意动词，是具

23、有实际意义的动词。如run（跑）, jump（跳），listen（听）,sing（唱）,eat（吃）,think（想）等。行为动词在句子中有人称和时态的变化。在英语中，不同时间里发生的动作或存在的状态，需要用不同的动词形式来表现，这就叫时态。一 般 现 在 时 一般过去时 现在进行时 一般将来时第7课 一般现在时1、定义：表示经常发生或习惯性的动作、状态。句中通常有usually，often，every day，sometimes，always，at weekends，on Sundays等表示经常性时间的短语。2、构成：1）当谓语是be动词时，一般现在时的构成：主语be动词其他如：I am

24、a student. He is Jims father. They are from Japan.2）当谓语是行为动词时，一般现在时的构成：主语（非第三人称单数）动词原形其他如：I often watch TV at the weekends. Mr Green and Mrs Green like collecting stamps.主语（第三人称单数）动词的第三人称单数形式其他如：Jim usually visits his grandparents on Sundays. She sometimes goes to the park with her mother. 3、动词三单形式的

25、变化规则： 一般情况下，直接加s 如：read-reads，swim-swims 以s，x，sh，ch，o结尾，加es 如：wash-washes，watch-watches，do-does 以辅音字母y结尾，变y为i，再加es 如：study-studies，fly-flies 不规则变化 如：have-has4、一般现在时的句型转换：肯定句否定句一般疑问句及回答They watch TVevery day.They dont watch TVevery day.Do they watch TV every day?Yes, they do. / No, they dont.She watc

26、hes TVevery day.She doesnt watchTV every day. Does she watch TV every day?Yes, she does. / No, she doesnt.第8课 现在进行时1、定义：表示现在或现阶段正在进行或发生的动作。句中常有now，look，listen等词。如：I am washing clothes now. Look! Liu Tao is climbing the tree. Listen! Jane is singing in the music room.2、构成：be动词（am/is/are）+ 动词现在分词（V-in

27、g）3、动词现在分词构成： 一般是在动词原形后加ing 如：read-reading，drink-drinking，eat-eating，look-looking 以不发音的e结尾的动词，去掉e，再加ing 如：write-writing，make-making，ride-riding，take-taking 以重读闭音节结尾，如末尾只有一个辅音字母，要双写这个字母，再加ing 如：sit-sitting，swim-swimming，put-putting，run-running，stop-stopping，get-getting，begin-beginning，jog-jogging，for

28、get-forgetting4、动名词其实就是动词的现在分词，它既有名词性质（可作主语），又有动词性质（可带宾语）。如：Asking the wayMy hobby is collecting stamps.He is good at skating. 5、现在进行时的句型转换：肯定句否定句一般疑问句及回答He is running now.He isnt running now. Is he running now?Yes, he is. / No, he isnt. They are making a puppet.They arent making a puppet. Are they

29、making a puppet?Yes, they are. / No, they arent.第9课 一般过去时1、定义：表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或存在的状态。常和表示过去的时间状语连用，如：a moment ago，just now，yesterday，last week，this morning等。如：My brother often went to school by bike last term.The watch was beside the diary a moment ago.I watched the moon and ate the moon cakes last Mi

30、d-Autumn Festival.Jim went to the supermarket yesterday.2、构成：主语动词的过去式其他3、动词过去式的变化规则： 一般在动词原形末尾加ed 如：play-played，listen-listened，look-looked 结尾是e的动词，加d 如：live-lived，like-liked，taste-tasted 辅音字母y结尾的动词，变y为i，再加ed 如：study-studied，carry-carried，cry-cried 末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词，双写这个辅音字母，再加ed 如：stop-stopped，plan

31、-planned 不规则变化 如：am/is-wasare-werehave/has-haddo-didgo-wentsit-sattell-toldsee-sawget-gotmake-madegive-gaveread-readbuy-boughtcome-camedraw-dreweat-atefly-flewmeet-metput-putrun-ransay-saidsing-sangswim-swamtake-took4、一般过去时的句型转换肯定句否定句一般疑问句及回答He watched TV yesterday.He didnt watch TV yesterday. Did h

32、e watch TV yesterday?Yes, he did. / No, he didnt.They played games just now.They didnt play games just now. Did they play games just now?Yes, they did. / No, they didnt.第10课 一般将来时1、定义：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态，以及打算、计划或准备某事。句中一般含有表示将来的时间状语，如：tomorrow morning，next week，this afternoon等表示将来的时间状语。2、构成： be gong to

33、+动词原形 如：I am going to see a Beijing opera tomorrow.We are going to meet at bus stop at half past ten.Dad and I are going to see a Beijing opera this afternoon. will +动词原形 如：They will go swimming this afternoon.3、be going to 和will 区别： be going to表示经过事先安排、打算或决定要做的事情，基本上一定会发生；will则表示有可能去做，但不一定发生，也常表示说话

34、人的临时决定。如：I am going to take part in a party this evening.They are cleaning the library now. Ill go and join them.be going to表示近期或眼下就要发生的事情；will表示的将来时间则较远一些。如：He is going to write a letter tomorrow. I will meet her one day. be going to还可以用来表示有迹象表明某件事将要发生，常用于天气等自然现象。如：Look! Its going to rain.4、一般将来时句型

35、转换：肯定句否定句一般疑问句及回答She is going to have a picnic tomorrow.She isnt going to have a picnic tomorrow.Is she going to have a picnic tomorrow?Yes, she is. / No, she isnt.They will go swimming this afternoon.They will not(wont) go swimming this afternoon.Will they go swimming this afternoon?Yes, they will.

36、 / No, they wont.第11课 句法1、陈述句说明事实或陈述说话人观点的句子。基本结构：主语谓语其他1）肯定陈述句 We all like pandas very much.2）否定陈述句 He doesnt do housework at weekends3）肯定陈述句改否定陈述句一般是在be动词或情态动词后加not。Mary was at school yesterday. Mary was not at school yesterday.I can make a model plane. I can not make a model plane.不含be动词或情态动词的，行为

37、动词前要用助动词的否定式（dont，doesnt，didnt），后面跟动词的原形。He likes drawing pictures.He doesnt like drawing pictures.I went to the park yesterday. I didnt go to the park yesterday.4）陈述句改一般疑问句有be动词或情态动词的，把be动词或情态动词提前。 Mary was at school yesterday. Was Mary at school yesterday? I can make a model plane. Can you make a

38、model plane?不含be动词或情态动词的句子，借助助动词开头，动词还原成原形。 He likes drawing pictures.Does he like drawing pictures. I went to the park yesterday. Did you go to the park yesterday?2、疑问句用来提出问题，询问情况的句子，末尾用问号。1）一般疑问句：一般疑问句常用来询问一件事是否属实，通常以be动词，助动词或情态动词开头，用yes或no来回答，因此又叫是非疑问句，通常读升调。Is Mr Green from the UK? Yes，he is. /

39、No，he isnt.Do you have any hobbies? Yes，I do. / No，I dont.Can you play the guitar? Yes，I can. / No，I cant.2）特殊疑问句：以特殊疑问词引导，要求回答具体问题，不能用yes或no来回答。How do you go to work every day? I go to work by car.3）选择疑问句：提供两种或两种以上情况，让对方选择，往往用or连接。Would you like some tea or coffee? Some coffee, please.4）反意疑问句：反意疑问句

40、是由陈述句和附在其后的附加疑问句组成。Its a fine day, isnt it? Yes ,it is.3、祈使句表示请求或命令别人做某事或不做某事。1）用于第二人称，通常省略you。肯定祈使句：Open the door, please. 否定祈使句：Dont be late again.2）用于第一人称和第三人称，通常以let（let后跟宾格）或shall开头。Let me have a look. Lets play a game now. Let him go home now.Shall we meet at one thirty in front of the Garden

41、Theatre?4、感叹句表达喜怒哀乐等强烈感情，句尾常用感叹号（!），语气用降调。1）what + 名词或名词性短语 What a big garden (it is)!What an interesting storybook (it is) !What lovely weather (it is)!What pretty girls (they are)!2）how +形容词或副词主语动词How nice!How beautiful the flowers are!How tall Yao Ming is!5、there be 句型 表示在某地有某人或某物。1）主语是单数，be动词用is

42、(was)；主语是复数，be动词用are(were)。There is some milk in the fridge.There are some peaches in the basket.2）如果有几个不同的人或物并列存在，be动词根据最靠近的那个名词而定。There is a ruler and five knives in the pencil case.There are five knives and a ruler in the pencil case.3）there be句型和have/has区别：there be句型表示某地有某人或某物；have/has表示某人有某物。has用于第三人称单数，其余人称和数用have。There are some English books on the desk.I have some English books.