呼啸山庄_英文版论文

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1、 . 湖北省高等教育自学考试英语专业 毕业论文 题目：简析呼啸山庄中爱情悲剧的必然性 准考证号： 学生姓名：王青翠 指导老师：刘军平 武汉大学外语学院制 2009年10 月Brief Analysis Love Tragedies Inevitability on Wuthering Heights Wang Qingcui Tutor: Liu JunpingOctober 2009论文摘要呼啸山庄才华洋溢的女作家艾米莉勃朗特唯一的小说，在英国十九世纪文坛的灿烂星群中放出独特的、闪着异彩的光辉。它被誉为“19世纪最奇特的小说”、“一出灵魂的戏剧”、“一个女作家所能写出的最好的散文诗”。 真正

2、意义上接触呼啸山庄是在英美文学课上，世人都为希斯克利夫与凯瑟琳那种撕心裂肺的爱而震撼。毛姆认为小说中最感人的就是希斯克利夫和凯瑟琳的爱情，他说“我从未读过像呼啸山庄这样把爱情的痛苦、强烈、残酷描写得如此逼真的小说”。 他们的爱在震撼人的同时有给后人留下了更多的思考。爱情从其在人类精神中形成至今，始终带上了浓郁的悲剧色彩。它的悲剧总是滋生于有它所特有的社会根源与时代的局限性，主人公的个性特点、矛盾的心理是推动其发展的动力。他们的悲剧是一种必然性。本文主要揭示其社会根源与时代的局限性对呼啸山庄中的爱情的重大影响，同时考察了男女主人公在行动上、性格上和对待爱情和婚姻的态度及差异。最终指出他们的爱就像

3、荒原上的北风一样，狂野、暴虐、无所阻挡，完全突破了既有的爱情模式，是超越现实的、非人类的爱情，是注定悲剧的。他们的爱情悲剧是社会的悲剧，是时代的悲剧，也是他们自我所造的悲剧。关键词：呼啸山庄； 艾米莉勃朗特； 爱情悲剧 Abstract Wuthering Heights - the talented English writers only novel. It releases unique, shining and splendid glory in the brilliant literary constellation of the nineteenth century. It is

4、known as 19th centurys most peculiar novel, a soul of drama and a writer could write the best prose poem. On real significance, its in the Anglo-American literature class that I am familiar with Wuthering Heights. All the people are shocking by this kind piercing love of Heathcliff and Catherine. So

5、merset Maugham thinks that the most touching thing in Wuthering Heights is the love of Heathcliff and Catherine. And he said he has never read such a realistic novel as Wuthering Heights that puts the pain, strong and cruel description into love. Their love shocks people, at the same time; it also l

6、eaves many thoughts to posterity. Love has always been to bring rich colors to the tragedy from its formation of the human spirit. Its tragedy is always there to breed in the characteristic social roots and its limitations of the times, and the heros personality and ambivalence are to promote its de

7、velopment. Their tragedy is inevitability. In this paper, it will reveal that the social roots and limitations make quite an impact on Wuthering Heights and it will study the heroes differences in action and attitude towards love and marriage. Finally, it will point out that their love is like the n

8、orth wind on the moors, wild and violent. And the love which is beyond the realistic breaks through the original model .It is doomed to tragedy. The tragedy is the social tragedy, the times tragedy, but also their self-made tragedy. It is inevitability. Key Words: Wuthering Heights; Emily Bronte; Lo

9、ve Tragedy. .页脚. Brief Analysis Love Tragedy Inevitability on Wuthering Heights.IntroductionPublished in l847, Emily Brontes masterpiece Wuthering Heights countered with countless unfavorable voices and utterances. For several generations, the Wuthering Heights has been exerting great fascinations o

10、ver its readers. Although Wuthering Heights is her only novel but it certainly proves her genius in rendering captivating description and super passion. It tells a story about love and revenge. In the 19th century, one strange boy named Heathcliff is brought to Wuthering Heights from Liverpool by Mr

11、. Earnshaw. He lives with Earnshaws son Hindley and daughter Catherine. Hindley hates Heathcliff, while Catherine likes him. After Earnshaw died, Hindley becomes the leader of the family and he regards Heathcliff as servant, so Heathcliff is insulted and ill-treated. However, Catherine and Heathclif

12、f become good friends and love each other gradually. Mr. Edgar the next door often visits Wuthering Heights to pursue Catherine and she also shows love to him, too. When she agrees to marry Edgar, Heathcliff goes away with anger. As time goes on, Heathcliff brings love, jealousy, hatred, and revenge

13、 into the Earnshaws and the Lintons. It does not bring him real comfort to ruin other peoples happiness. Heathcliff is immersed in mental pain and eventually he destroys himself and dies of despondent. In Wuthering Heights, Heathcliff and Catherine revolt Hindleys punishment and run in the wildernes

14、s. They are lonely children. On this point, they are identical in spirit and soul. When Catherine betrays Heathcliff and marries to Edgar, they lost echo of souls and thus both of them suffer a great pain. Finally, they had no choice but to death to negate the physical separation, in order to achiev

15、e the soul. Their love is associated with the abnormal and the absurd. . Creative background 2.1 Social origin The love tragedy reflects the social background. The society is the source of the love tragedy. As we all know, Emily Bronte lived in Victorian Times for three decades. Those three decades

16、are the era of unrest society in the United Kingdom. That time, the Industrial Revolution affected all the England, even the whole world: capitalism was developing and increasing exposure to its inherent defects. Followed by a conflict between workers and capitalists, the government had issued a num

17、ber of laws to protect the interests of the rich, so the gap between rich and poor was growing. The unemployed workers were in poverty and a large number of child labor had been brutally tortured to death. This was followed by the outbreak of the famous Charter of movement, and the British Governmen

18、t took high-pressure on democratic struggle and the labor movement. That time, every Englishmans mind was like going through a hurricane, even in north remote areas, the landowners could no longer be like before that had nothing to suffer. Our writer, Emily Bronte, was born in this era of struggle.

19、2.2 The authors sources from herself2.2.1 The authors living environment Emily lived in a remote desolate Yorkshire. In the west of the house there was an endless moor, covered with heather. There was also a stale churchyard. She was born in a poor family priest. When she was young, her mother died,

20、 and her life was distress. All of the education was mainly from his father. In order to maintain their livelihood, her old sister Charlotte Bronte, her young sister Anne Bronte and she had to be a teacher, which suffered from humiliation, feeling of discrimination and loneliness. This is her litera

21、ry source of pessimism. 2.2.2 The authors way of lifeThe barren, remote, gloomy and eccentric living environment and the natural silence made Emily isolated. Emily seldom left the gloomy Yorkshire moors that beyond ones imagination. She and her sisters often go to the west of the wilderness to take

22、a walk. But, in addition to the church and to go walking, she almost goes without leaving home. Its an enclosed environment, making her work show rare originality and send out a fresh and natural authenticity of the artistic charm. When she could not restrain a strong emotional, writing became her o

23、nly expression of emotion. It was a long time to get the mind for herself since she begun to seek compensation from creativity and imagination. Its the source of Wuthering Heights. 2.2.3 The authors personality Emily Bronte was growing up with fathers tough and indifference. She is premature loss of

24、 the mothers affection and protection and should fight back his fathers harsh and cold. Emily has the sense of inferiority, timid and introverted during childhood. She is inept and unwilling to be gregarious. She longs for love, but hasnt love; she desires to be understood, but not to be understood.

25、 The way of life above-mentioned makes her develop the appearance of calm and the inner of firmness. The closed character makes her become depressed, stubborn, headstrong, sullen, and intolerance. She portrays the character of Heathcliff just like herself. She has invested the whole herself to the H

26、eathcliff devoting her strong passion, anger and non-violent struggle. We can see that Heathcliff is Emilys self-soul.2.3 SummaryEmily, who owned a very introverted character, lived in an extremely small space and indulged in fantasies temperament that she gradually indulged in the literary imaginat

27、ion of its own constructed world. She suffered from poverty of physical world and helplessness of spiritual world. Loneliness made her the physical and emotional world was full of a sense of extreme disappointment and shattered. In Wuthering Heights, there is no “I”; there is no family schoolmarm an

28、d there is no “landlord”. There is “love”; however, it isnt the love between man and woman. Emily is urged by some common views and she put them together in one book from the damaged world.Therefore, Emily desired to express her feeling through the love tragedy of rich and intense fantasy features,

29、and expressed her strong dissatisfaction with social reality. These just created the conditions for the birth of Wuthering Heights.Tragedys Reason3.1 Direct ReasonThe class difference is the direct cause of the class society, which lead to their love tragedy. Living in that society where was full of

30、 the view of class differences, Catherine and Heathcliffs tragic fate was inevitable. They were destined to become the victims of class society.Catherine and Heathcliff had to bear the oppressed from the Mansions. Catherine was the daughter of Wuthering Heights, and Heathcliff was a gypsy boy, who w

31、as abandoned from his early age. They are in the different status. The class difference is the first Mansions. Catherine failed to break through it. The next Mansion is Hindley. Hindley could do whatever he wanted to do, because Catherine and Heathcliff who were the subordinate status and were in th

32、e low level. They had no property and no right to choose, therefore, in the fight against the tyranny of Hindley, they were closed to the other. Catherine said, I am Heathcliff. However, in the society which full of prejudice and strong sense of class differences, this kind of love was fragile and C

33、atherine realized their poor social status and eventually married to Edgar. For Catherine, the only way out was to comply with social values and married to a man who had almost the same status with her. She wanted to be a good wife and a good mother. She and Heathcliffs love was simply not socially

34、acceptable. For Heathcliff, in order to raise the status of his own, he continued to climb up and carried out crazy revenge to the Earnshaws and the Lintons, at the same time, he betrayed his own needs and aspirations, destroying his relationship with Catherine. Therefore, we can say that their love

35、 is split up by the prevailing prejudices of the bourgeois class. 3.2 Indirect Reason3.2.1 Catherines characterIts no wonder that each hero has its own character flaws and Catherine is not an exception. She is mixed with many characters. Sometimes she is friendly; sometimes she is violent; sometimes

36、 she is gentle; sometimes she is agitated; sometimes she is enthusiastic and sometimes she is wayward . Her fatal weakness is that she can not resist the elegant Thrushcross Grange lives and her own vanity. In order to satisfy her vanity and access to social rights and economic status, she married t

37、o the small owner of Thrushcross Grange.It was the beginning of this love tragedy.3.2.1.1 LonelinessCatherine, as Old Earnshaws daughter, has never been his fathers favor, and even a servant Joseph can punish her going hungry and hitting her. In Wuthering Heights where is the absence of family warmt

38、h and fatherly situation, she grows up in the solitude of the spiritual world. Low family status makes Catherine inner loneliness. Regardless of all the punishment and intimidation, she can get rid of class bias and stand by Heathcliff stubbornly. Heathcliff in Wuthering Heights was her only confida

39、nt. Its said that a lonely soul often confirm their existence by seeking for another lonely soul. Heathcliff and Catherine spew out the amazing love with a very strong possessive. It is just this love with an extremely possessive caused the piercing tragedy.3.2.1.2 Self-RighteousCatherine imagines h

40、elping Heathcliff improve his status by marrying to Edgar, so that her brother can not interfere. This is just her personal thoughts. Love is about both sides, this decision should be discussed with the other half. This point is one of the necessary conditions to guarantee that the love is happy. Sh

41、e is too self-centered .She believes that her decision is made for Heathcliff, and for her love to him. She loves Heathcliff, but also Edgar. Although the latter is only a surface layer of love and admiration, she does not carefully distinguish between the two men. Her self-determination ultimately

42、turns into a great mistake. It ruins herself with her own hands, and destroys her youth, love, even life. Meanwhile, she ruins Heathcliff who loves her so deep and Edgar is also a sacrifice. She nearly hurts the next generation too. 3.2.1.3 SelfishCatherine seems to always just a wayward child whose

43、 love is non-rational and unconscious. When Edgar proposed to her, she did not distinguish herself on the Heathcliffs love and admiration for Edgar, and she also immersed in the little girls excitement and wonderful feeling for his proposal. When Mrs. Dean asked about her Why, the answer is Edgars f

44、our advantages: youth, beauty, a large of property, and loving her. She has never thought that Heathcliff also has these advantages, maybe better. He is just without wealth, which is untenable for her. Catherine has been fooled by the illusion and she judged Heathcliff unreasonably until she found H

45、eathcliff was disappeared. She said: “and he will be rich, and I shall like to be the greatest woman of the neighbourhood, and I shall be proud of having such a husband”. In order to be the greatest woman of the neighbourhood,she chosed to marry Edgar and abandoned Heathcliff. How selfish she is! Se

46、lf-willed is the internal motive to abandon Heathcliff and marry Edgar. This is one hidden condition of the love tragedy.3.2.1.4 VanityHindley couples satisfied Catherines vanity with fine clothes and courteous flattery. “Why, Cathy, you are quite a beauty! I should scarcely have known you: you look

47、 like a lady now. Isabella Linton is not to be compared with her, is she, Frances”,so she felt embarrassed to be impolite. After five weeks residence among Lintons, Catherine turned to be a lady with invariable courtesy and had the sense to be ashamed of being rude. “In the place where she heard Hea

48、thcliff termed a vulgar young ruffian, and worse than a brute, she took care not to act like him”.They instilled deep-rooted view of class into Catherine and made her will destroy gradually, until Catherine said: It would degrade me to marry Heathcliff now .And she is unwilling to be a beggar after

49、marrying Heathcliff. Catherine is so superficial that she thinks she will be the greatest lady if she can marry to Edgar. She looks forward to the elegant Thrushcross Grange life and the upper life, so she tried to fulfilled her vanity by marrying to a person she doesnt love really.Although she reco

50、gnized by a rude awakening “My great miseries in this world have been Heathcliffs miseries, and I watched and felt each from the beginning: my great thought in living is himself. If all else perished, and he remained, I should still continue to be; and if all else remained, and he were annihilated,

51、the universe would turn to a mighty stranger: I should not seem a part of it”,and she realized the pain “ in whichever place the soul lives. In my soul and in my heart, Im convinced Im wrong”,however, she cant persuade herself. Things can no longer go back.The tragedy can never be retrieved.3.2.2 He

52、athcliffs characterHeathcliff, who had been deprived of human warmth, cultivated a strong love and hate in the real life. He was humiliated in every possible way which made he taste the cruelty of life, but also he knew how to swallow the insult in the Church and he couldnt change his humiliating fa

53、te. He was a man who loved a woman reaching to its limits,even did crazy actions. He used“love” to kill people and also killed himself. Whether Catherine lived or died, he lived in pains. Even if Catherine was dying, he also said bad words to hurt her. But Heathcliff suffered two pieces of pain, his

54、 own and Catherines. Growing up with the wilderness, Heathcliff broke out with super violent and flowed turbulent emotions. Surviving from the cracks where filled with all sorts of Hindleys curse and torture, Heathcliff was proud to maintain his basic dignity painfully. Although Heathcliff never exp

55、lored a strong interest in his personal life and the sense of birth, they were the dark shadow. They were no doubt the factor that led Heathcliff to be cold and aloof character. In particular, when he was faced with the rival Edgar who was elegant and came from the Thrushcross Grange, Heathcliffs mi

56、nor humble appearances was revealed. “He struggled long to keep up an equality with Catherine in her studies, and yielded with poignant though silent regret: but he yielded completely; and there was no prevailing on him to take a step in the way of moving upward, when he found he must, necessarily,

57、sink beneath his former level. ”Heathcliff and Catherine are loyal partners. They produce the sincere love in the common resistance and they have the same soul, or rather, they share the same soul. Once one separates from the other, itll cause irreparable harm. So when Heathcliff knew that Catherine

58、 betrayed their love and promised to marry Linton, he became “the most unfortunate creature”and “lost a friend and lost the love as well as all”. So he left Wuthering Heights angrily. Catherines change makes Heathcliff last hope is gone, then the strong love turns into the strong hate and a strong d

59、istortion of his personality - -hard, unyielding and cruel. Love and Marriage4.1 Definition of Love and MarriageLove is based on certain material and the common life ideal condition between men and women. Marriage is the relationship of husband and wife. It is traditionally established between two s

60、exes according to certain laws, ethics and customs regulations. From Performance forms, marriage is combined the physiology and psychology of both sexes. Catherine and Heathcliff spend their childhood together. That terrible, strange and special world links them closely. Their rebellious spirits pro

61、duce their love. They love each other in the heart with the most sincere and eager to become lifelong partner. Its stable and strong feelings. Catherine gives all her love to Heathcliff who has no property and no position. Heathcliff said: “he couldnt love as much in eighty years as I could in a day

62、”. Their souls are united and they can not endure being separated from the other.On the criteria of selecting marriage, Catherine had ignored the real feeling of her heart. She could not get rid of temptation of Thrushcross Granges life and she was unable to shake off the fetters of traditional valu

63、es. Catherine filled too much faith in their love for Linton. She said “I believe I might kill him, and he wouldnt wish to retaliate”,but she fell into her trap. When Heathcliff went back again, Linton recommended him to come and sit in the kitchen rather than the living room. This had explained eve

64、rything. Catherine realized that she should not have been in the Lintons. They had the different thoughts. Even she came to Thrushcross Grange, she didnt make her identity and status change. At first, she was too naive to think that one table for Linton and Isabella; the other for Heathcliff and herself. She said “the other for Heathcliff and