硕士英语综合教程1课文翻译和课后答案交大版

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1、硕士英语综合教程1 （参考答案）目录Unit 1LowCarbon Economy(1)Unit 2A Harmonious Society(12)Unit 3Culture Shock(20)Unit 4Artificial Intelligence(27)Unit 5Success and Happiness(34)Unit 6Urban Life(44)Unit 7Mass Media(52)Unit 8New Applications of Waste Materials(60)Unit 9Car Culture(70)Unit 10Famous Persons Biographies

2、(81)Unit 11World Cultural Heritage(87)Unit 12Wisdom and Beliefs(96)硕士英语综合教程1Unit 1 LowCarbon EconomyText A Creating a LowCarbon EconomyIII. Key to the Exercises1. Reading Comprehensiona. Choose the sentence that best expresses the meaning of the statement from the text.1. B2. B3. A4. C5. Bb. Fill in

3、 the blanks with the information youve learned in the text.(1) the result of the rapid buildup of greenhouse gases primarily caused by human activities; we begin a concerted, rapid shift toward a lowcarbon economy(2) climate represents the envelope within which all our natural systems operate(3) the

4、 increased costs of damage from extreme weather events such as floods, droughts, hurricanes, heat waves, and major storms; the risk that such events affect global financial markets through higher or more volatile insurance costs; and the risk of abrupt and largescale climate change(4) Scientific ana

5、lysis of historic climate data and projections of future conditions, and stateoftheart computer models paint a stark picture of what is to come(5) keeping average temperature to an increase in the range of 2.0 to 2.42. Vocabularya. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the words or phrases you

6、 have learned in the text.(1) adverse(2) stark(3) inflict(4) systematically(5) triggered(6) improvident(7) incurred(8) alternative(9) lost out on(10) settled onb. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one.(1) B(2) C(3) A(4) D(5) B(6) C(7) A(8) D(9) C(10) D3. ClozeCho

7、ose an appropriate word or phrase from the following list to fill in each of the following blanks. Each one can be used only ONCE. Change the form where necessary.(1) embraced(2) sped up(3) running out(4) urgency(5) initiative(6) specific(7) designated(8) contribute(9) incorporate(10) hampering(11)

8、reward(12) involved(13) adverse(14) adaptive(15) vulnerability(16) alternative(17) context(18) due to(19) compensation(20) scheduled4. Translationa. Chinese to English1) Translate the following sentences into English.(1) Bending under the weight of the packs, sweating, they climbed steadily in the p

9、ine forest that covered the mountainside.(2) Concentrating on time passing, as we do when bored, will trigger brain activity which will make it seem as though the clock is ticking more slowly.(3) Unemployment shot up in France during the second quarter, and the countrys top finance official said the

10、 situation will continue to aggravate even if a global economic recovery gathers pace. It was the worst quarterly unemployment in France since early 2006.(4) As social practice continues to develop, we should keep renewing our ideas and make innovations courageously in light of practical needs.(5) B

11、icycles are regarded as an economical alternative to buses whose fares have increased 3 times in the past few years.(6) The U.S. government has called on people to save water because the scarcity of water has become a source of global tension ecologically, economically and politically.(7) In order t

12、o be a recognized leader in the industry, its essential for a company to improve production quality and tap the overseas market through the help of stateoftheart technologies and equipment.(8) If you are thinking about coming to Britain for Christmas, it might be a good idea to think again. Thats be

13、cause thousands of Christmas travelers have been stranded in the UK as adverse weather conditions caused massive disruption to the transport infrastructure.2) Translate the following paragraphs into English.Scientists say the warming of the planet will be gradual, but that extreme weather events wil

14、l increase in frequency and intensity. They say the effects of more storms, floods, droughts and heat waves will be abrupt and profound. The World Health Organization says the effects of socalled climatesensitive diseases already are killing millions of people.Climate change is a global phenomenon.

15、While no country will be exempt, she says its consequences will not be evenly distributed. The WHO chief says poor countries that already are struggling with huge problems will be most affected. Fragile health systems in the developing world will come under increased stress. They will have great dif

16、ficulty coping with the increased burden of disease and other health problems.b. English to Chinese1) Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.很多权威的气候学家们都曾发出过这样的警告: 如果我们现在的温度超过工业化前2摄氏度( 3.6华氏度)的话,我们将会迈进一个危险的未知国度。没有人能知道到底全球变暖达到多少度会变得无法控制,并且造成像干旱、洪水、飓风以及热浪等自然灾害的逐渐恶化,造成诸如格陵兰岛或西南极洲大冰原坍塌以及伴随的全球海平面上

17、升等意外的灾难性变化。但是我们还依然在我们唯一的家身上不断做着危险而又不受约束的尝试,这也是为什么越来越多的年轻人开始将气候变化视为他们这一代人的一项挑战。 2) Read the following passage carefully and translate the underlined sentences into Chinese.(1) 双方相信,应对气候变化应该尊重发展中国家把经济和社会发展作为优先事项,并相信向低碳经济转型是促进所有国家经济持续增长和可持续发展的机会。(2) 中美双方决心根据各自国情采取重要减缓行动,并认识到两国在促成加强世界应对气候变化能力的可持续成果方面具有重

18、要作用。双方决心支持这些承诺。(3) 在此背景下,双方致力于在哥本哈根会议达成最终的法律协议,同时相信,在共同但有区别的责任原则和各自能力的基础上,达成的成果应包括发达国家的减排目标和发展中国家的国内适当减缓行动。(4) 基于中美两国在电动汽车领域的巨大投资,两国政府宣布在十几个城市开展联合示范项目,并努力开发共同的技术标准以推动此产业规模快速增长。(5) 通过该伙伴关系,两国将就大规模利用风能、太阳能、先进生物燃料和现代电网制定路线,在设计和执行实现这一远景所需的政策和技术手段方面进行合作。Text B Living a LowCarbon LifestyleKey to the Exerc

19、isesa. Fill in the blanks with the words or phrases given below. Change the form where necessary.(1) perilously(2) in harmony with(3) tricky(4) nurture(5) make a difference(6) insulated(7) deplete(8) step back(9) sustain(10) by way ofb. Complete the sentences with the information given in the text.(

20、1) more efficient, kinder, fair, above all sustainable(2) keep you comfortable, make life easier, do the things you want to do(3) simplify the meter reading process, easy and enlightening, fun(4) are lined and not covering radiators(5) coming on, warm enough, youre not heating rooms(6) find a balanc

21、e between the actions we can do, having to compromise on our quality of life(7) for the strictly necessary amount of time, hot/warm food(8) the curtains, the doors between rooms(9) reducing our energy consumption, travelling more efficiently(10) easily reused and recycled, with the lowest packagingc

22、. Decide whether the statement is TRUE or FALSE according to the text.(1) T(2) F(3) T(4) F(5) F(6) F(7) T(8) F(9) T(10) FUnit 2 A Harmonious SocietyText A Building a Harmonious SocietyIII. Key to the Exercises1. Reading Comprehensiona. Choose the sentence that best expresses the meaning of the state

23、ment from the text.(1) C(2) A(3) B(4) B(5) Cb. Fill in the blanks with the information youve learned in the text.(1) leading officials;“building a harmonious society”(2) the law; rights and interests(3) coordinate; the economy will develop in a sustained and fast way(4) humanity and nature; natural

24、resources; pollution; the quality of the environment(5) the government; unshakable duty2. Vocabularya. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the words or phrases you have learned in the text.(1) swiftly(2) address(3) sustainable(4) flourishing(5) manifestation(6) cadre(7) stagnation(8) agenda(

25、9) backdrop(10) excerptb. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one.(1) C(2) A(3) B(4) D(5) C(6) A(7) D(8) C(9) B(10) A3. ClozeChoose an appropriate word or phrase from the following list to fill in each of the following blanks. Each one can be used only ONCE. Change

26、 the form where necessary.(1) accomplish(2) improve(3) urban(4) benefits(5) prosperous(6) signifies(7) comprehensive(8) faulty(9) accumulated(10) compulsory(11) maintained(12) requirements(13) outbreak(14) addressed(15) unsolvable(16) innovation(17) required(18) inadequate(19) spare(20) remarkable4.

27、 Translationa. Chinese to English1) Translate the following sentences into English.(1) Aliens in China shall abide by Chinese law and no behaviors will endanger the national security of China , harm its public interests or disturb its public order.(2) Love doesnt lie in gazing at each other but in l

28、ooking forward together in the same direction.(3) When learning any foreign language, one has to learn, first and foremost, its new phonological and grammar systems, which means acquiring a totally unfamiliar set of language learning habits.(4) Financial experts suggest that to the women under 30, t

29、he income of this phase in general is the lowest.(5) China will increase dialogue and cooperation with the United States and the international community to crack down on all forms of terrorist activities.(6) Now it is time to make a well organized schedule from the list, so you need to put first and

30、 urgent things first and set the high priorities.(7) In accordance with your request I am sending sample pages of the dictionary and meanwhile, your valuable suggestions on amendment are welcomed.(8) In addition, advertisers appeal to the desire for health and prestige, to the desire to be in style,

31、 to pride, and to envy and jealousy.2) Translate the following paragraph into English.Adhere to the peopleoriented, we should take the realization of humans comprehensive development as the goal, we should seek and promote development from peoples fundamental interests, satisfy the peoples growing m

32、aterial and cultural needs to guarantee the peoples economic, political and cultural rights and interests, allowthe development of results benefit all people. To adhere to the peopleoriented, all the theories, routes and policies should be all for the people and by the people, citizens and communiti

33、es should show mutual respect, understanding, care and help each other. The peopleoriented concept is a denial to the concept of political achievement that seeing things but no people and the blindly pursuing of GDP. It is the foundation to establish proper view of political achievement and is regar

34、ded as the “master switch” in concept changing.b. English to Chinese1) Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.目前,在我国人均国内生产总值突破1000美元。一些国家和地区的发展历程表明,当一个国家的国内生产总值达到1000美元到3000美元时,这个国家的经济发展就进入了一个关键阶段。在这个阶段,都市化程度加快,收入差距继续加大,社会矛盾变得更加复杂。在国际范围内,不断增长的劳动力成本降低了劳动市场的竞争性。在这个阶段,如果应对合理,经济会平稳发展;否则,极有可能引发社会

35、动荡,造成社会资源浪费,破坏生态环境,导致经济衰退。建设和谐社会的目的就是协调不同部门之间的关系,确保经济快速、可持续性发展。2) Read the following passage carefully and translate the underlined sentences into Chinese.(1) 胡主席说,“当前和今后相当长一段时间内,我国经济社会发展面临的问题和矛盾可能会更复杂、更突出。随着划经济向市场经济的转变,社会结构和意识形态领域也将会发生大的转变。”(2) 在谈到国际大环境时,胡主席指出建设和谐社会对中国领导人来说也同样是一项基本要求。在国际关系中清除挑战和风险,

36、包括不公平的世界秩序,世界政治多极化的坎坷道路,经济全球化发展带来的压力以及国际安全。(3) 和谐社会就是全面发挥人的积极性和创造性,使改革开放发展的成果惠及全体人民,加强党同人民群众的血肉联系。(4) 我们要充分挥法治在促进、实现、保障社会和谐方面的重要作用。在政治、管理、立法部门要严格执行这一原则,以确保用权受监督、违法要追究的监督机制。(5) 胡主席呼吁全体干部把建设和谐社会摆在重要位置,全心全意为人民服务,不断探索建设和谐社会的方法和理论。Text B China: Roused by DisasterKey to the Exercisesa. Fill in the blanks

37、with the words or phrases given below. Change the form where necessary.(1) crystallize(2) stifle(3) uncensored(4) cathartic(5) clutching(6) pivotal(7) hellish(8) muzzled(9) monstrous(10) rallyb. Complete the sentences with the information given in the text.(1) worst natural disaster; probably killed

38、 at least; more than 5 million(2) a more compassionate nation, lined up for hours; rushed to aid(3) the countrys private; not known for their charity; still rising(4) Chinas selfperception, the worlds perception of China(5) lowered to halfmast, in tearful silence; its epicenter(6) its people; how to

39、 grieve; how to give(7) private companies, making enormous sacrifices(8) all over China ; shelter and medical treatment; causing traffic jams(9) the relief operation, the government responded(10) has changed, given a fleeting glimpsec. Decide whether the statement is TRUE or FALSE according to the t

40、ext.(1) F(2) T(3) T(4) F(5) T(6) T(7) F(8) T(9) T(10) TUnit 3 Culture ShockText A The Rotary Youth Exchange Experience:Culture ShockIII. Key to the Exercises1. Reading Comprehensiona. Choose the sentence that best expresses the meaning of the statement from the text.(1) B(2) B(3) A(4) C(5) Ab. Fill

41、in the blanks with the information youve learned in the text.(1) Usually a rather profound reaction to fairly significant other differences; in the way people view the world, in the way they think and what they value; often experience significant culture shock; experience culture shock at a superfic

42、ial level(2) Excitement and Enthusiasm, Irritability, Adaptation, and Biculturalism; from ethnocentrism toenthnorelativism(3) that people are adjusting when they, without thinking, are doing things which they never thought they could become comfortable with(4) the high and low feelings that students

43、 experience as they go through the various stages of adjustment to culture shock; double negative of culture shock and homesickness(5) scious Incompetence, Conscious Incompetence, Conscious Competence, Unconscious Competence; an effective ethnorelative2. Vocabularya. Fill in the blanks with the corr

44、ect form of the words or phrases you have learned in the text.(1) Ethnocentrism(2) at the prospect of(3) wellbeing(4) competence(5) irritability(6) disorientation(7) incompetence(8) be confronted with(9) frustration(10) verilyb. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined

45、one.(1) A(2) B(3) C(4) D(5) B(6) D(7) A(8) C(9) A(10) D3. ClozeChoose an appropriate word or phrase from the following list to fill in each of the following blanks. Each one can be used only ONCE. Change the form where necessary.(1) but(2) discomfort(3) new(4) what(5) For example(6) because(7) how(8

46、) unfamiliar(9) degree(10) although(11) Usually(12) identify(13) better(14) First(15) common(16) In addition(17) When(18) who(19) also(20) that4. Translationa. Chinese to English1) Translate the following sentences into English.Confucianism has a long history and a profound impact on China s politic

47、s, ideology, science, culture, art; it is an important part of traditional Chinese culture.In fact, what we have done with the products over the past for years and will do in the future coincide with the requirement of WTO.Religious and cultural diversity in a globalizing world needs to be used as t

48、he promotion of social justice, tolerance and understanding, as well as international peace and security, and not as a rationale for a new ideological and political confrontation.The initial period of marriage involves more than accommodating to the presence and habits of another person.Whether youv

49、e used the software before or not, you may already be familiar with some of its features, but the new version represents a major milestone in the progression of its development. By default, when you delete files on most Windows systems the files are not really deleted, they are instead moved into th

50、e Recycle Bin, so they still take up disk space.The effect of the painkiller will naturally wear off within a few hours, but its advantage is that it has few side effects.Ecological civilization is the only way to global sustainable development, the best approach to saving the earths ecosystem, and

51、the inevitable choice of human development.2) Translate the following paragraph into English.Its my pleasure to write this column about international students at an American business school, from the perspective of an American. Though Yale, and all other top schools, focus on granting aglobal MBA ex

52、perience, the style of instruction, the classroom environment, and the nuances of school culture are very much American. In speaking to my classmates who come from other countries, particularly China, it seems that three key pillars of the U.S. education experience actually come as a major culture s

53、hock: loud and often boisterous inclass discussion; the reliance on teamwork to complete tasks; and the unofficial importance of socializing to build a network within the class. For someone who has grown up in the Americanschool system, conforming to these three attributes happens almost subconsciou

54、sly, and thinking that others may find them surprising or difficult to tackle reveals the unintended limits of my own world view. b. English to Chinese1) Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.尽管每个学生的经历是不同的,但大多数参加一年期项目的交换生经历着几乎相同的适应文化冲击的过程。必须指出的是,虽然文化冲击会令人感到不舒服,但这并不代表着它本身有什么错,也不代表着经受其中的人有什么错

55、。相当普遍的情况是: 学生们在适应文化冲击的过程中,新的问题层出不穷,但这对他们而言也是一种有价值的经历。许多人会说,只有当经历了深层次的文化冲击,才是最有价值的交换。2) Read the following passage carefully and translate the underlined sentences into Chinese.(1) 从问候到饮食,稍不留神就会出差错,不仅让自己难堪,还有可能冒犯东道主。(2) 在地中海国家,如果你和别人交谈时没有碰对方的手臂,或见面问候时没和对方亲吻拥抱,别人会认为你不热情。在韩国,如果你从后面拍不是家庭成员或者好朋友的人,你会让对方感

56、到不舒服。(3) 到伦敦人家里参加宴会时脱掉鞋子,女主人会认为你不文明,但去亚洲、夏威夷或太平洋群岛的居民家中不脱鞋却被认为失礼。(4) 许多文化依然推崇传统的进食方式用手吃。在这种情况下,食物往往是众人一起分享的,因此饭前洗手很重要,而且要遵守用右手吃东西的习俗,左手往往有其他用途。(5) 你是左撇子吗？还是努力让自己的双手都灵巧吧在这些文化里,即使是左撇子的孩子也被教会用右手吃饭或者至少吃饭前向同伴解释一下。Text B Understanding Interpersonal Relationships in the Chinese ContextKey to the Exercisesa

57、. Fill in the blanks with the words or phrases given below. Change the form where necessary.(1) transgression(2) wicket(3) disconcerting(4) infringement(5) avid(6) episode(7) ubiquitous(8) substantiate(9) intelligible(10) prerequisiteb. Complete the sentences with the information given in the text.(

58、1) will differ; as universal as(2) sprouting a few whiskers(3) than it does for Canadians(4) was accustomed to(5) a transgressor(6) of birth; periods of time(7) economic freedom; in perception; connotes(8) be matters; compose a list(9) desertification; rising ocean levels; put great strain on(10) le

59、ss challenging; opting for; deprive ourselves ofc. Decide whether the statement is TRUE or FALSE according to the text.(1) T(2) F(3) T(4) T(5) F(6) F(7) F(8) T(9) T(10) TUnit 4 Artificial IntelligenceText A The Future of Artificial IntelligenceIII. Keys to the Exercises1. Reading Comprehensiona. Cho

60、ose the sentence that best expresses the meaning of the statement from the text.(1) B(2) C(3) A(4) C(5) Ab. Fill in the blanks with the information youve learned in the text.(1) clean our floors, mow our lawns and, in general, eliminate drudgery from our lives(2) the computerbased artificial brain i

61、s still well below the level of sophistication needed to build a humanlike robot(3) the same kind of perception, cognition and thought as humans(4) generate positive and negative reinforcement signals in predefined circumstances(5) become quite formidable and will outperform human beings in any conc

62、eivable area of endeavor, intellectual or physical2. Vocabularya. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the words or phrases you have learned in the text.(1) attest(2) disoriented(3) elusive(4) negate(5) progeny(6) outstrip(7) versatile(8) meld(9) contingency(10) mainstayb. Choose the word or

63、phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one.(1) A(2) D(3) B(4) A(5) D(6) C(7) D(8) D(9) B(10) B3. ClozeChoose an appropriate word or phrase from the following list to fill in each of the following blanks. Each one can be used only ONCE. Change the form where necessary.(1) cover(2) battle

64、field(3) deployed(4) initiating(5) aerial(6) problematic(7) arise(8) mindful(9) vital(10) goes(11) robotics(12) provided(13) collection(14) ethical(15) endowed(16) traits(17) expression(18) dumb(19) guidelines(20) stupid4. Translationa. Chinese to English1) Translate the following sentences into English.(1) It often happens, however, that thinking lags behind reality; this is because mans cognition is limited by numerous social conditions.(2) Something big was in the offing, so big that the workers at the Simonson plant had been virt