译林版必修四Unit3tomorrowsworldGrammarandUsage学案

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1、Unit 3 tomorrow s world Grammar and Usage案一、 名词性从句定义：名词性从句是由if, whether, that, how和各种疑问词充当连接词所引 导的从句，其功能同名词一样。二、类型：主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句(请说出以下句子中的画线部分在句子中充当的成分)1. When we II hold the sports meetinghas not been decided yet.2. The fact that Great Britain is made up of three countries is still unknown t

2、o many people. 来 源:3. He won der if he could use my bike.4. I am thi nking about who will be give n the job.5. That he has won the first prize is true.6. My pare nts withaitsl can go to a key uni versity.7. They are discussing the problem whether they should ban(禁止)fishing in the lake.8. The problem

3、 is how I can get i n touch with them.9. It is not clear whether she will atte nd his weddi ng.10. I have no idea when he would retur n.三、用法：1主语从句：在复合句中做主句的主语。引导词有连词that (that不可省),whether;代词有who, what ,which; 畐U词 when ,where, how, why 等。女口 ：A. That he is a famous sin ger is known to us. (It is known

4、 to us that he is a famous sin ger.)B. When he will go to America is not yet fixed. (It is not yet fixed when he will go to America.)2、宾语从句：在复合句中做主句的宾语.引导词有连词that (that常可省略),whether, Jt代词有 who, whose, what ,which; 副词 when ,where, how, why 等。女口 :A. We believe (that) he is hon est.B. I told him (that)

5、 I would come back soon.C. He said (that) he would go there the next day and that his family wouldn t go there.3、 表语从句：在复合句中做主句的表语.引导词有连词 that (that不可省),whether;代词有 who, what ,which;副词 when ,where, how, why 等。女口 :A. The problem is that we didn t get in touch with him.B. This is how Henry solved the

6、problem.C. His suggestion is that we (should) finish the work at once.(如果句子的主语是 suggestion, advice, order等名词时，后面引导的表语从句用should+动词原形,should可省略.)4、 同位语从句：在句中起同位语的作用 .一般放在名词 fact , n ews , idea , promise, thought ,suggestion等之后用以说明或解释前面的名词。引导词有连that;少数情况下也可用连接副词等。如：A. The thought that we might succeed

7、excited us.B. The idea that they should try a sec ond time is worth con sideri ng.C. The suggestio n that the pla n (should) be delayed will be discussed tomorrow.(如果名词suggestion,advice.order等词后的同位语从句的谓语动词要用should+动词原形,should可省略.)四、注意：1注意that的用法(that引导名词性从句时在从句中不做任何成分，也没有具体的意义。其他连接词在引导从句时都做相应的成分并有具体

8、的意思。)来源: 主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中用that但不能省略。如：A. That they are good at En glish is known to us all.B. The problem is that we don have eno ugh mon ey.C. She expressed the hope that they would come to China one day. 宾语从句中的连接词that有时可省有时又不可省，在以下几种情况中that不能省略：当that从句和主句谓语动词之间有插入词语或者从句主语之间有插入语时，that不可省略；当that从句与另

9、一名词性从句并列作宾语时，that不能省；当that作介词宾语时，that不可省掉。如：A. He judged that because he was a child, he did not un dersta nd what he had said.B. Every one knew what happe ned and that she was worried.C. The reas on lies in that she works harder tha n the others do. that从句做主语和宾语时，可以用it来替换成以下几种结构表达。(A) It is clear/c

10、ertain/likely/true/surprisingthat (B) It is a pity/shame/good idea/no won der that .(C) It is said/reported/ believed/known/thought/suggested that (DIt seems/happens that。如：It happe ned that I went out last ni ght.It is said that China will win in the World Cup2、注意同位语从句和定语从句的区别：A. 从句前都有一个名词B. 定语从句中关

11、系词代替先行词在从句中做成分；而在同位语从句中连接词不做成分。C. 定语从句是对前面的名词进行修饰，同位语从句是对前面的名词进行解释说明。The news that our team has won the final match is encouraging.(同位语从句)我们队取得决赛胜利的消息令人鼓舞。The n ews that you told us is really en courag ing.(定语从句)你告诉我们的消息真的令人鼓舞The suggestion that students should learn something practical is worth con

12、sidering.The suggestion that is worth considering is that the students should learn something practical.They put forward the questi on where they could get the mon ey.This is the place where the accide nt happe ned.3、whether和if的用法 whether和if在宾语从句中可以互换，但是作介词宾语时连接词一般用whether。如:It all depends on whethe

13、r they will come back. 后面直接跟or not时用whether女口：I didn know whether or not he had arrived in Wuhan. 主语从句，表语从句，同位语从句中只能用whether。如：Whether the meeting will be put off has not been decided yet.The question is whether they have so much money.We ought to discuss carefully the question whether we can do it

14、or not. whether常与or连用表示一种选择，if不能这样用；whether也可与动词不定式连用但if不能。如：The question of whether they are male or female is not important.I have not decided whether to go or not. whether可引导一个让步状语从句表示不管” 无论”而if不能。If表示 如果”时，不能用 whether。如： Whether he comes or not, we will begin our party on time.If I have enough t

15、ime, I will play football.4、疑问词 + ever和no matter +疑问词的区别： 疑问词+ ever可引导名词性从句，在主从句中要充当一定的部分。如：Whoever breaks the rule must be punished. You can choose whatever you like in t he shop. 疑问词+ ever还可引导让步状语从句。如：Whoever breaks the rule, he must be punished.Whatever you do, you must do it well. no matter +疑问词

16、只能引导让步状语从句。如：No matter what you do, you must do it well. No matter who breaks the rule, he mus t be punished.5、名词性从句中主句和从句的时态一致、主谓一致、语序。 宾语从句中主句和从句的时态保持一致，但如果从句中表示提示的是客观现象，虽然主句是过去时态，从句仍用一般现在时。如：Hello,I didn know you were in London. How long have you been here? The teacher tol d us that light travels

17、 at a very high speed. 主语从句做主语相当于单数第三人称作主语，谓语动词用单数，如果由and 连接两个或两个以上的主语从句做主语时，谓语动词用复数；由两个或多个连接词引导一 个主语从句，谓语动词用单数。如：When the meeting will begin has not been decided yet.When they will start and where they go have not been decided yet.When and where the meeting will begin has not been decided. 名词性从句在句中

18、要用陈述句语序。如：He asked me what was the matter with me.We veheard the news that well move into the new house.Whatever you say will interest us all.6、几个固定句式： 强调句 It is/was +强调部分+ that如果强调部分是疑问词）eg. Who is it that spoke first?When was it that they came here? 关于 doubtsb. doubt if/whether sb. don t/doesn t d

19、oubt thaThere isno doubt that eg. There is no doubt that he will win the game. 疑问词+ do you think+（用陈述句语序）eg. Who do you think we invited to give us the talk? 二、名词性从句连接词的选用（ 1） that 和 what 的选用1. he wants is a book.2. he wants to go there is obvious.3. The result is we won the game.4. This is we want

20、to know.5.Is he told us true ?6. We should pay attention to the teacher is saying.7. I have no doubt he will come.8. I have no idea he did that afternoon.（2） if 和 whether 的选用1. I asked her she had a bike.2. we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.3. We re worried about h

21、e is safe.4. I don t know he is well or not.5. I don t know or hneotis well.6. The question is he should do it.we shall hold our sports meeting is not decided.我不知道昨天谁打破了玻璃。I don t knowbroke the glass yesterday.我不知道他长的什么样子。I have no ideahe looks like.这就是我忘记眼镜的地方。This isI left my glasses.the old man w

22、ill recover soon.7. The doctor can hardly answer the question 其它连接代词和副词的连用who、which、 when、 where、 why、 how 等连接词 我们何时举行运动会还没有决定。引导词 that 的省略1.I don t thinkshecoisming.2.It is a pityhe has made such a mistake.3.The reason ishe is careless .4.The newsour team won the match inspired us.5.I don t think i

23、t necessaryyou should read English aloud.6.He told mehis father had died andhe had to make a living alone.三、同位语从句的引导和辨别that/ whether / where/ how1. I have no idea he comes from.2. He can t answer the question he got the money.3. He gave us many suggestions we should get up earlier and take more exer

24、cise.4. I have no doubt _ he will win.5. I have some doubt he will win.同位语从句和定语从句的区别1. We expressed the hope that they had expressed.2. We expressed the hope that they would come to China again.3. The information has been announced that more middle school graduates will be admitted into university.4. The information that he revealed at the meeting is of great value.Learning Summary（ 课堂小结 ）