过去分词作宾语补足语精编版

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1、概念引入上个单元我们学习了过去分词作表语和定语的用法。现在我们继续学习过去分词作宾语补足语。看这些句子:1.Now when people refer to England you find Walesincludedas well.2.Finally the English governmenttried inthe earlytwentiethcentury to formthe United Kingdom by getting Irelandconnected in the same peacefulgovernment.3.You find most of the populatio

2、nsettledin the south.4.They found the windowbroken .5. ., so Pingyu had a phototaken standing on either side of the line.这些句子中的黑体部分都是过去分词作宾语补足语。用法讲解什么是宾语补足语英语中一些动词除需要一个宾语外,还需有宾语补足语句子意义才完整,这样就构成了英语的六种基本句型(见【补充】)中的“主语 +谓语 +宾语 +宾语补足语”句型。宾语与宾语补足语之间在逻辑上是主谓关系。可作补足语的结构有名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词 -ing 形式、过去分词、不定式等。宾

3、语和其宾语补足语也被称为复合结构。1.作补足语的词语:1) We consider him(to be) a good teacher.我们认为他是一个好老师。(名词短语作宾语补足语,相当于省略了to be )2) I find learning Englishdifficult.我发现学英语很难。(形容词作宾语补足语)3) I saw the kiteup and down.我看见风筝飞上飞下。(副词作宾语补足语)4) When he woke up, he found himselfin a strange place.他醒来时发现自己在一个陌生的地方。(介词短语作宾语补足语)5) Tom

4、 made the girlcry .汤姆把女孩弄哭了。( 省略不定式符号to 的动词不定式)6) The father found his sonplayingin his room.父亲发现儿子在房间里玩。(动词 -ing形式做宾语补足语)7) The soft music makes usrelaxed .这首柔美的音乐使我们放松了。1(过去分词作宾语补足语)【补充】英语的六种基本句型:英语的最基本的句型有6 种,其他的句子都是由这6 种句型转换来的。1)主语谓语Great changes have taken place in my hometown.主语谓语2)主语 +系动词 +表语

5、The work seemed difficult to us.主语系动词表语3)主语 +谓语 +宾语Farmers in our area grow lots of vegetables.主语谓语宾语4)主语 +谓语 +宾语 +宾语Our hotel servesyoubreakfast in your room.主语谓语宾语宾语(间接)(直接)5)主语 +谓语 +宾语 +宾语补足语Theysawlittle Tom being punished by his parents.主语谓语宾语宾语补足语6) There be结构Thereisa small village below the m

6、ountain.谓语主语注意: 没有划线的部分是定语或者状语,如“in my hometown”是地点状语,而修饰名词“ Farmers ”后的“in our area ”是定语。2.宾语补足语与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系1) They named the black dog Arrow.他们命名这只黑狗“Arrow ”。我们可以说“ The little dog is Arrow.”,所以宾语the little dog和补足语Arrow 是逻辑上的主谓关系2) I noticed a little girl drawing under the tree.我注意到一个小女孩在树下画画。(小女孩在

7、画画,即宾语补足语的动作是女孩做的,宾语与补足语是逻辑上的主谓关系,而且是主动的,用动词 -ing形式作宾语补足语)23) We should keep him informed of what is going on here.我们必须让他了解这里发生的事。(他被告知某事, 说明宾语 “他” 与补足语 “告知”是被动的主谓关系,也称为 “动宾关系,即动词及其宾语的关系”,用过去分词作宾语补足语)3. 主语补足语含有宾语补足语的句子变成被动句时,原来的宾语补足语就变成了主语补足语。He was foundsleepingunder the tree.他被发现正在树下睡觉。(补充说明主语,与主语

8、之间有逻辑上的主谓关系,是主语补足语)4. 介词的宾语补足语有些介词的宾语有时也需有补足语,构成介词宾语的复合结构。We were all excited, with the bonfireburning late into the night.篝火一直烧到深夜,我们都很兴奋。( burning作介词 with的宾语 the bonfire的补足语)过去分词作宾语补足语的意义过去分词作宾语补足语,说明宾语的状态或性质,宾语是其逻辑主语,一般是过去分词动作的承受者,即逻辑上的被动关系。1) I saw his eyesfixedon me with curiosity.我看见他的眼睛盯着我,充满

9、了好奇。解析:过去分词 fixed的用法是易错处。fix译成“盯着” ,一些同学会误认为“眼睛正盯着”为什么用fixed ,而不用fixing呢?实际上,应该是“I fixed my eyes on.”,即“我让我的眼睛盯着.”,所以变成被动时应该是“My eyes are fixed on.”,所以用过去分词作宾语补足语,表示被动。另外,这里过去分词不表示完成的动作,而表示状态。再如:The glass isbroken .此句中 broken 表示摔碎的状态。还要注意不能用being fixed,因为 being fixed表示瞬间的动作,而没有表示出过程。2) We want the w

10、orkfinishedby Saturday.我们想要工作周六前完成。解析:想要工作被完成,用finished。要分析宾语与补足语间的主被动关系。3) She heard the front doorshut .她听见前门被关上了。解析: shut 的三个形式(原形、过去式、过去分词)一样,此处shut 是过去分词,因3为是人关上了门。4) We found the housedeserted .我们发现这所房子被废弃了。解析: desert意为“抛弃、 遗弃” ,Somebody desertsthe house.因此是 .thehousedeserted.5) I felt myselfc

11、alledupon to do something to help.我感觉我被召唤着要做点事情来帮忙。解析:我感觉我自己被别人或者一种神秘的力量感召着,来做事情。因此是“被叫”。从上述的例子来看,作宾语补足语的过去分词大多数来自及物动词,强调被动或完成。但也有少数来自不及物动词,强调动作完成后的状态。What are you going to do with everyonegone? 大家都走了,你怎么办?能接过去分词作宾语补足语的动词1.表示感觉或心理状态的动词,如:see, hear,feel,watch,notice ;think (认为) ,consider, find等We saw

12、 the thief caught by the police.我看见小偷被警察抓住了。We thought the game lost.我们认为球赛输了。2.表示“致使”或“保持某状态”意义的动词,如:make, get, have, keep, leave等。Don tleave such an important thing undone.不要让这么重要的事没有人做。He had his hat blown away on his way home.在回家的路上他的帽子被吹掉了。3.表示“希望、要求、命令”等动词,如:want, wish, like, expect, order等Iwa

13、nt the house white-washed before we move in.我想要房子在我搬进去之前粉刷完。He won tlikesuch questions discussed at the meeting.他不喜欢在会上讨论这样的问题。过去分词、现在分词和不定式作宾语补足语的区别1)过去分词作宾补:与宾语之间是被动关系,其动作通常先于谓语动词完成。2)现在分词作宾补:与宾语之间是主动关系,其动作与谓语动词同时进行。3)不定式作宾补:表示一个完成的动作或看到、听到或感觉到的具体动作的过程。I saw him opening the window.我看见他正在开窗。(强调正在,且

14、宾语做了开窗的动作)I saw the window opened.我看见窗户被打开了。(完成,被动)I saw him open the window.我看见他打开了窗户。(看到宾语开窗的全过程)4注意:1.有些动词后必须接to do sth.作宾语补足语:如order,advise,persuade,warn,encourage, get, cause等。I encouraged her to work hard andtry for the examinations.我鼓励她用功并为这次考试做出努力。2.感官动词(如see , notice , watch , discover等)和使役

15、动词(make, have, let等)一般接省略to 的不定式作宾语补足语,但是变成被动语态时,需带to 。The girl was made to practise the piano for three hours every day.这个女孩每天要练三个小时钢琴。重点句型1. have宾语过去分词have sth. done1)表示“要别人做某事”,此时可以用get 代替 have。You d better have that tooth filled.你最好把那颗牙补补。We must have this note sent to them right today.我们今天就得派人把

16、这个通知送交给他们。2)表示“遭遇某种(不幸的)事情”,不能用get 代替 have。Last week we had all our windows broken by the naughty boys.上周我们所有的窗户都被淘气的孩子们打碎了。I had my hand burned in the fire.我的手被火烧伤了。3)完成某事(自己也可能参与)Ihave had allmy spellingmistakescorrected.我把所有的拼写错误都改正了。拓展:1) have sb. do sth.让某人做某事I had Mary clean my bedroom yesterd

17、ay.昨天我让玛丽打扫了我的卧室。2) have sb./ sth. doing让某人一直做某事,(否定句中)容忍某人做某事He had us laughingduringthe lunchtime.在午饭期间,他让我们一直笑个不停。I won t have you talking to your parents like this.我不许你对父母这样讲话。2. get宾语过去分词get sth. done表示“要别人做某事”,可以与have 互换。We have had got the TV repaired.我们已经请人把电视机修好了。Let s get this work done, a

18、nd then we can go out.我们先把这工作做完,就可以出去了。5拓展: get sb. to do sth.使某人做某事。注意不省略to 。I got him to agree to the plan.我使他同意了这个计划。3.“ with +宾语 +过去分词”结构with sth. done过去分词用作介词with 的宾语补足语,注意宾语与补足语之间是被动关系。With all the things she needed bought, she went home happily.买完所有需要的东西,她高兴地回家了。With the matter settled, we al

19、l went home.事情得到解决, 我们都回家了。拓展: “with/ without +宾语 +宾语补足语”结构with/without后面除了接过去分词作宾语补足语外,也可以接现在分词、不定式、形容词、介词短语等作宾语补足语。这一结构通常在句中作时间、条件、原因、伴随等状语或定语。例如:1) She came into the room, with her nose redbecause of cold.(伴随状语)她走了进来,鼻子冻得红红的。2) With the meal over,we all went home.(时间状语)聚餐结束了,我们都回了家。3) The teacher

20、 was walking up and downwith the ruler in his hand. (伴随状语)老师走来走去,手里拿着尺子。4) He could not finish the workwithout me to help him. (条件状语)如果我不去帮他,他不会完成工作。5) She fell asleepwith the light burning. (伴随状语)他睡着了,灯还亮着。6) Without anythingleftin the cupboard , she went out to get somethingto eat.(原因状语)柜橱里什么也没有剩下

21、,她出去弄点东西吃。7) A little boywith two of his front teeth missingran into the house.(定语)一个少了两颗门牙的男孩儿跑进屋里。注意:在 with/without的复合结构中,不定式、现在分词作宾补,表示主动,但不定式表示将要发生的动作,而现在分词表示正在发生的动作;过去分词表示被动或完成。如上面句子中第 4)句, to help的动作还 未发生;第5)句,他睡觉时灯正亮着;而第6)句 left表示被剩下,而且强调“剩下”的动作已经发生。6巩固练习 . 用动词的正确形式填空:1.Have you got a map to

22、show me? Im _( puzzle ) .2.Did he have his wallet _ (steal) last Friday?3. When I got to the supermarket, I found it _ (close).4. He found his wife _ (cook) in the kitchen when he woke up at five.5. He watched the bed _ (carry) out of the room.6. She doesn t want her daughter _ (take) out after dark

23、.7. When will you have your eyes _ (examine)?8. My mother got me _ (check) all the homework I did last night.9.With the boy _ ( lead) theway, we willfindthe house easily tomorrow.10. I can hear the windows _ (beat) by the heavy rain.11.Tom has been away from home fortwo years,leavinghis room _ (cove

24、r)with dust.12. Why do you leave the baby _ (cry) there?13. I have to leave my house early _ (catch) the early bus.14. A cook willbe immediatelyfiredifhe is found _ (smoke) in the kitchen.15. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _ (carry) out the next year. . 根据汉语意思,在空格处填入恰当的词

25、。1. 我将随时向你报告有关我们实验的重要的进展。I ll _ about the breakthrough in our experiment.2. 他醒来结果发现他的汽车被偷了。He woke up only to _.3. 在这个发达的国家里,你很少听到有人讲脏话。You seldom hear rude words _ in this _country.4. 他提高嗓音以便使别人能够听见他说话。He raised his voice so as to _.5. 他匆忙离开家,留下很多事没做。He left home in a hurry, _ many things _.6. 回来时,

26、他很惊讶地发现房间被彻底的打扫了,一切都布置得井井有条。On his return, he was very _to find his room thoroughly _andeverything_in good order.77. 明天我将请人把门油漆一下。I ll _ tomorrow.8. 你会发现到处都在议论这个话题。You ll _ everywhere.9. 据说这本书是他在 40 多岁时写的。The book is said _ in his forties.10. 在放学回家途中,她非常恐惧的看到路边有一条被打死的蛇。On his way home from school, s

27、he was _ to see a snake _to death bythe road. . 单项选择。1. The murderer was brought in, with his hands _ behind his back.A. being tiedB. having tiedC. to be tiedD. tied2. The next morning she found the man _ in bed, dead.A. lyingB. lieC. layD. laying3. John received an invitation to dinner, and with hi

28、s work _, he gladly accepted it.A. finishedB. finishingC. having finishedD. was finished4. Did Peter fix the computer himself? He _, because he doesn t know much about computers.A. has it fixedB. had fixed itC. had it fixedD. fixed it5. Jenny hopes thatMr. Smith willsuggesta good way to have her wri

29、ttenEnglish_in a short period.A. improvedB. improvingC. to improveD. improve6. Even the best writers sometimes found themselves _ for words.A. loseB. lostC. to loseD. having lost7. A good story does not necessarily have to have a happy ending, but the reader must not be left8_.A. unsatisfiedB. unsat

30、isfyingC. to be unsatisfyingD. beingunsatisfied8. Mrs. Brown was much disappointedtosee the washing machine she had had _went wrong again.A. itB. it repairedC. repairedD. to be repaired9. Excuse me, sir, where is Room 301? Just a minute. I ll have Bob _ you to your room.A. showB. showsC. to showD. s

31、howing10. When asked why he went there, he said he was sent there _ for a space flight.A. trainingB. being trainedC. to have trainedD. to be trained11. Come on, please give me some ideas about the project.Sorry. With so much work _ my mind, I almost break down.A. filledB. fillingC. to fillD. being f

32、illed12. The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance,_ in the natural light during the day.A. to letB. lettingC. letD. having let13. My parentshave always made me _ about myself,even when I was twelve.A. feeling wellB. feeling goodC. feel wellD. feel good14. With a lotof

33、difficultproblems _, the newly-electedpresidentis havinga hard time.A. settledB. settlingC. to settleD. being settled15. Why did you go back to the shop?I left my friend _ there.A. waitingB. to waitC. waitD. waits916. At last, we found ourselves in a pleasant park with trees providing shade and _ do

34、wn to eat our picnic lunch.A sittingB. having satC. to sitD. sat17. He isvery popularamong hisstudentsas he always triesto make them _in his lectures.A. interestedB. interestingC. interestD. to interest18. Helen had to shout _ above the sound of music.A. making herself hearB. to make herself hearC.

35、making herself heardD. to make herself heard19. Afterwatchingthose young boysthrillingperformancesof bicycles,I foundmyself _.A. astonishingB. astonishedC. to be astonishedD. havingastonished20. He looked around and caught a man _ his hand into the pocket of a passenger.A. putB. to be puttingC. to p

36、utD. putting21. The result of the entrance exams was not made _ to the public until last Thursday.A. knowingB. knownC. to knowD. to be known22. You must get the work _ before Friday.A. doB. to doC. doingD. done23. They woke up _ everything around _.A. to find; changedB. to find; changingC. found; ch

37、angedD. finding;changing24. If you think hard, you won t have the puzzle _ you.A. puzzleB. puzzlesC. puzzledD. to puzzle1025. The mother toldher littleson not to leavehis stomach _, sayingthatit might cause him a stomachache.A. exposeB. exposedC. being exposedD. exposing答案与解析 . 用动词的正确形式填空:1. puzzled

38、 。表示内心感觉,用过去分词作表语。2. stolen。 have sth. done遭受某事。3. closed 。门是被关上的,用过去分词。4. cooking 。妻子做饭,主动且正在进行,用-ing 形式。5. carried6. taken7. examined8. to check。 get sb. to do sth.使某人做某事。9. to lead10. beaten11. covered 。leave 表示“使 . 处于某种状态而不理” ,灰尘落满了房间, the room 和 cover 是被动的,所以用 covered 。12. crying。“女孩哭”,宾语与宾语补足语

39、是主动关系,所以用crying 。13. to catch 。表示目的用不定式。14. smoking。此句是find sb. doing的被动形式。15. carried。注意宾语补足语carried out的宾语是定语从句修饰的plan 。句意:经理们讨论了他们希望下一年将执行的计划。 . 根据汉语意思,在空格处填入恰当的词。1. keep you informed2.findhiscar stolen3.spoken,developed4. make himselfheard5.leaving,undone6.surprised,cleaned, arranged7. get/have

40、my door painted8. find the topic being discussed9. to havebeen written10. scared/ frightened, beaten . 单项选择。111. D。考查非谓语动词在 with 复合结构中的使用。宾语“ his hands”与动词 tie (绑)是被动关系,用过去分词作宾语补足语表示状态。注意不能用being tied,现在分词表示正在进行的动作,此句中如果用being tied,就表示谋杀犯在走着的时候,一个人正在绑他的手,这种可能性几乎没有。2. A。这个人正躺着,是主动关系,所以用lie (躺着)的现在分词l

41、ying 。 lay 是 lie(躺着)的过去式,也是及物动词lay (放置)的原形,都是谓语形式;laying是 lay (放置)的现在分词形式。3. A。因“工作”与“完成”之间为被动关系,故finish要用过去分词作宾语补足语。4. C。根据对话的最后一句话可知“他对电脑了解不多”,所以他需要请人修理,故用“have sth. done ”,再根据问句的时态,选C。5.A 。指英语水平得到提高,故要用过去分词表示被动意义,选A。6.B 。be lost for words说不出话来,因为作 found 的宾语补足语,去掉be,用法相当于形容词。7.A。 but 后是被动句,所以空中要填的

42、是主语补足语,即要看主语与unsatisfy 的关系;表示人的内心感觉, 应用 unsatisfied,意为“(人)感到不满意” 。leave sb. unsatisfied使某人处于不满意的状态而置之不理。8. C 。 have sth done表示“让别人做某事”。注意she had had是定语从句,被修饰的先行词the washing machine是 have 的宾语,而要填的词是其补足语,所以不能用B,否则 it与先行词the washing machine重复。不是定语从句时的正常语序是“had had thewashing machine repaired”。9. A 。 “

43、have sb do sth”意思是“叫某人做某事”。句意:我让Bob 带你去房间。10. D 。由于“他”与“训练”之间为被动关系,故可排除A 和 C。另外,由于被训练进行航空飞行是他被派往那儿的目的,所以宜用不定式,故选D。11. B 。考查“ with+ 宾语 +非谓语动词”结构。宾语so much work与补足语fill(充满)是主动关系,要注意fill后有宾语,是“主谓宾”结构,所以是主动关系,选B。12. B。letin(使进入),此处用let的现在分词表示结果,与其逻辑主语the glassdoors 是主动关系。又如: Itrainedheavily,causingsever

44、efloodingin thatplace.大雨滂沱,造成了那个地方洪水泛滥。13. D 。根据情况,使役动词 make后可接动词原形 ( 不带 to 的不定式 ) 或过去分词作宾语补足语,但不能接现在分词,故可排除选项A 和 B; feel作为连系动词,其后要接形容词作表语。14. C 。 With a lot of difficult problems to settle表示“现在或将来有很多难题需要解决”;虽然with 的宾语 problems 与 settle是被动关系,但是句子的主语thepresident是 settle动作的执行者,所以可以不用被动形式。15. A 。 leave

45、 sb. waiting表示“使 正在等”,waiting作宾补。1216. D。注意连词and 在这里连接了两个谓语动词found 和 sat ,表示并列的两个动作。句意:最后我们发现我们来到了一个令人愉悦的、浓荫覆盖的公园,就坐下来开始野餐。17. A。及物动词 interest 意思是“使(某人)感兴趣”,与“them”之间是动宾关系(被动关系),用过去分词interested作宾语补足语,interested in意为“对 感兴趣”。18. D 。考查 make oneself heard表示“使自己被听到”;喊的目的是被别人听见,make用不定式形式作目的状语。19. B 。 ast

46、onish 。 astonish使(某人)惊讶,与宾语myself是被动关系,用过去分词表示内心的感觉。句意:看了那些年轻人的惊心动魄的自行车表演,我大为惊讶。20. D 。 caught 的宾语“ a man”与“ put ”之间是主动关系,而且与caught 同时发生,所以用现在分词作宾语补足语,表示“抓住某人正在放”。21. B 。句子是被动句,要填的词是主语的补足语,使“结果”被“知道”,所以用过去分词作主语补足语。主动语序是:. made the result. known.。句意:入学考试的结果直到上周四才向公众公布。22. D 。 get sth. done使某事被做。23. A 。第一空用 find 的不定式表示出乎意料地结果;第二空用过去分词表示完成,change 此处是不及物动词,不表示被动。24. A。puzzle 作名词时, 意为“难题” ,作动词时意为 “使 (某人) 迷惑” 。have sb./ sth. do 让某人做某事。 have 后用省略 to 的不定式作宾语补足语,表示宾语做的主动的动作。25. B。stomach(胃,腹部)是被曝露出来的, 所以用过去分词作宾语补足语表示被“露出”的状态。不能用being exposed,因为不需强调expose 的动作正在进行。13

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