2010--2012三年考研英语二真题与答案(完美打印版)

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1、WORD格式2021考研英语二真题及答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following passage. For each numbered blank there are four choices marked A, B, Cand D. Choose the best one and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET l. (10 points)The outbreak of swine flu that was first detected in Mexico was declared a gl

2、obal epidemicon June 11, 2021. Itis thefirstworldwideepidemic_1_by the WorldHealthOrganization in 41 years.The heightened alert _2_an emergency meeting with flu experts in Geneva thatconvened after a sharp rise in cases in Australia, and rising_3_in Britain, Japan, Chileand elsewhere.Buttheepidemici

3、s_4_inseverity,accordingtoMargaretChan,theorganizations director general, _5_ the overwhelming majority of patients experiencingonly mild symptoms and a full recovery, often in the _6_ of any medical treatment.The outbreak came to global_7_in late April 2021, when Mexican authorities noticed anunusu

4、ally large number of hospitalizationsand deaths_8_healthy adults. As much ofMexico City shut down at the height of a panic, cases began to _9_in New York City, thesouthwestern United States and around the world.In the United States, new cases seemed to fade_10_warmer weather arrived. But inlate Sept

5、ember 2021, officials reported there was _11_flu activity in almost every stateand that virtually all the_12_tested are the new swine flu, also known as (A) H1N1, notseasonal flu. In the U.S., it has_13_more than one million people, and caused more than600 deaths and more than 6,000 hospitalizations

6、.Federal health officials_14_Tamiflufor childrenfrom the national stockpile andbegan_15_orders from the states for the new swine flu vaccine. The new vaccine, whichis different from the annual flu vaccine, is _16_ ahead of expectations. More than threemilliondoses weretobe made availableinearlyOctob

7、er2021,thoughmost ofthose_17_doses were of the FluMist nasal spray type, which is not_18_for pregnantwomen,people over 50 or those withbreathingdifficulties,heart disease or several other_19_. But it was still possible to vaccinate people in other high-risk group: health care专业资料整理WORD格式workers, peo

8、ple _20_infants and healthy young people.1A criticizedB appointedCcommentedD designated2A proceededB activatedC followedD prompted3A digitsB numbersC amountsD sums4A moderateB normalC unusualD extreme5A withB inC fromD by6A progressB absenceC presenceD favor7A realityB phenomenonC conceptD notice8.

9、AoverB forC amongD to9A stay upB crop upC fill upD cover up10A asB ifC unlessD until11A excessiveB enormousC significantDmagnificent12AcategoriesB examplesC patternsD samples13A impartedB immerseC injectedD infected14A releasedB relayedC relievedD remained15A placingB deliveringC takingD giving16A f

10、easibleB availableC reliableD applicable17A prevalentB principalC innovativeD initial18A presentedB restrictedC recommendedD introduced19A problemsB issuesC agoniesD sufferings20A involved inB caring forC concerned withD warding offSection Reading comprehensionPart AText 1The longest bull run in a c

11、entury of art-market history ended on a dramatic note with a saleof 56 works by Damien Hirst, “ Beautiful Inside My Head Forever ，at Sothebys in London on September 15th 2021. All but two pieces sold, fetching more than 70m, a record for a sale by asingle artist. It was a last victory. As the auctio

12、neer called out bids, in New York one of the oldestbanks on Wall Street, Lehman Brothers, filed for bankruptcy.Theworldartmarkethad alreadybeen losingmomentumfora whileafterrising专业资料整理WORD格式bewilderinglysince 2003. At its peak in 2007 it was worth some $65 billion,reckons ClareMcAndrew,founder of A

13、rts Economics, a research firm double the figure fiveyears earlier.Since then it may have come down to $50 billion. But the market generates interest far beyond its size because it brings together great wealth, enormous egos, greed, passion and controversy in a way matched by few other industries.In

14、 the weeks and months that followed Mr Hirst s sale, spending of any sort became deeply专业资料整理WORD格式unfashionable, especially in New York, where the bail-out of the banks coincided with the loss of thousands of jobs and the financial demise of many art-buying investors. In the art world meant collect

15、ors stayed away from galleries and salerooms. Sales of contemporary art fellthatby专业资料整理WORD格式two-thirds, and in the most overheated sector for Chinese contemporary art they were down by专业资料整理WORD格式nearly 90% in the year to November 2021.Within weeks the world s two biggest auction houses,专业资料整理WORD

16、格式Sotheby ands Christiehads, to pay out nearly $200m in guarantees to clients who had placedworks for sale with them.The current downturn in the art market is the worst since the Japanese stopped buyingImpressionists at the end of 1989, a move that started the most serious contraction in the markets

17、ince the Second World War. This time experts reckon that prices are about 40% down on their专业资料整理WORD格式peak on average, though some have been far more fluctuant. But Edward Dolman, Christie s专业资料整理WORD格式executive, says: I m pretty confident we re at the bottom.What makes this slump different from th

18、e last, he says, is thatthere are still buyers in themarket, whereas in the early 1990s, when interest rates were high, there was no demand even专业资料整理WORD格式though many collectors wanted to sell. Christie s revenues in the first half of 2021 were still higher than in the first half of 2006. Almost ev

19、eryone who was interviewed for this special report said that the biggest problem at the moment is not a lack of demand but a lack of good work to sell.The three Ds death, debt and divorce still deliver works of art to the market. But anyone who does not have to sell is keeping away, waiting for conf

20、idence to return.21.In the first paragraph, Damien Hirsts sale was referred to as“ a last victory because _.A. the art market had witnessed a succession of victoriesB. the auctioneer finally got the two pieces at the highest bidsC. Beautiful Inside My Head Forever won over all masterpiecesD. it was

21、successfully made just before the world financial crisis专业资料整理WORD格式22.By saying“ spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable (Line 1-2,Para.3)， theauthor suggests that_.A. collectors were no longer actively involved in art-market auctionsB .people stopped every kind of spending and stayed away

22、 from galleries C. art collection as a fashion had lost its appeal to a great extentD .works of art in general had gone out of fashion so they were not worth buying 23. Which of the following statements is NOT trueA .Sales of contemporary art fell dramatically from 2007 to 2021.B. The art market sur

23、passed many other industries in momentum.C. The market generally went downward in various ways.D. Some art dealers were awaiting better chances to come.24. The three Ds mentioned in the last paragraph are _A. auction houses favorites B. contemporary trendsC. factors promoting artwork circulation25.

24、The most appropriate title for this text could be _A. Fluctuation of Art Prices B. Up-to-date Art Auctions C. Art Market in Decline D. Shifted Interest in ArtsText 2I was addressing a small gathering in a suburban Virginia living room a womens group thathad invited men to join them. Throughout the e

25、vening one man had been particularly talkative, frequently offering ideas and anecdotes, while his wife sat silently beside him on the couch.Toward the end of the evening I commented that women frequently complain that their husbands dont talk to them. This man quickly nodded in agreement. He gestur

26、ed toward his wife and said, Shes the talker in our family. The room burst into laughter; the man looked puzzled and hurt.Its true, he explained. When I come home from work, I have nothing to say. If she didnt keep the conversation going, wed spend the whole evening in silence.专业资料整理WORD格式This episo

27、de crystallizes the irony that although American men tend to talk more than womenin public situations, they often talk less at home. And this pattern is wreaking havoc with marriage.The pattern was observed by political scientist Andrew Hacker in the late 1970s. SociologistCatherine Kohler Riessman

28、reports in her new book Divorce Talk that most of the women sheinterviewed but only a few of the men gave lack of communicationas the reason for theirdivorces. Given the current divorce rate of nearly 50 percent， that amounts to millions of cases inthe United States every year a virtual epidemic of

29、failed conversation.In my own research complaints from women about their husbands most often focused not ontangible inequities such as having given up the chance for a career to accompany a husband to hisor doing far more than their share of daily life-support work like cleaning, cooking, social arr

30、angements and errands. Instead they focused on communication: He doesnt listen to me. He doesnt talk to me. I found as Hacker observed years before that most wives want their husbandsto be first and foremost conversational partners but few husbands share this expectation of their wives.In short the

31、image that best represents the current crisis is the stereotypical cartoon scene of aman sitting at the breakfast table with a newspaper held up in front of his face, while a womanglares at the back of it, wanting to talk.26. What is most wives main expectation of their husbands A. Talking to them.B

32、. Trusting them.C. Supporting their careers.D. Sharing housework.27. Judging from the context, the phrase“ wreaking havoc (Line 3,Para.2)most probablymeans _ .A. generating motivation.B. exerting influenceC. causing damageD. creating pressure28. All of the following are true EXCEPT_A. men tend to ta

33、lk more in public than women专业资料整理WORD格式B. nearly 50 percent of recent divorces are caused by failed conversationC. women attach much importance to communication between couplesD. a female tends to be more talkative at home than her spouse29. Which of the following can best summarize the main idea o

34、f this text A. The moral decaying deserves more research by sociologists.B. Marriage break-up stems from sex inequalities.C. Husband and wife have different expectations from their marriage.D. Conversational patterns between man and wife are different.30. In the followingpart immediately after this

35、text, the author willmost probably focuson _A. a vivid account of the new book Divorce TalkB. a detailed description of the stereotypical cartoonC. other possible reasons for a high divorce rate in the U.S.D. a brief introduction to the political scientist Andrew HackerText3Over the past decade, man

36、y companies had perfected the art of creating automatic behaviors habits among consumers. These habits have helped companies earn billions of dollars whencustomers eat snacks, apply lotions and wipe counters almost without thinking, often in responseto a carefully designed set of daily cues.“ There

37、are fundamental public health problems, like dirty hands instead of a soap habit, thatremain killers only because we can t figure out how to change people s habits, Dr. Curtis said.“ We wanted to learn from private industry how to create new behaviors that happen专业资料整理WORD格式automatically.专业资料整理WORD格

38、式Thecompanies that Dr. Curtis turned toProcter & Gamble, Colgate-Palmoliveand专业资料整理WORD格式Unilever had invested hundreds of millions of dollars finding the subtle cues in consumers lives that corporations could use to introduce new routines.专业资料整理WORD格式If you look hard enough, you ll find that many o

39、f the products we use everychewingday gums,专业资料整理WORD格式skin moisturizers, disinfecting wipes, air fresheners, water purifiers, health snacks, antiperspirants, colognes, teeth whiteners, fabric softeners, vitamins are results of manufactured habits. A century ago, few people regularly brushed their t

40、eeth multiple times a day. Today, because of专业资料整理WORD格式canny advertising and publichealth campaigns, many Americans habituallygive their pearlywhites a cavity-preventing scrub twice a day, often with Colgate, Crest or one of the other brands.A few decades ago, many people didn drinktwater outside o

41、f a meal. Then beveragecompanies started bottling the production of far-off springs, and now office workers unthinkingly sip bottled water all day long. Chewing gum, once bought primarily by adolescent boys, is nowfeatured in commercials as a breath freshener and teeth cleanser for use after a meal.

42、 Skinmoisturizers are advertised as part of morning beauty rituals, slipped in between hair brushing andputting on makeup.“ Our products succeed when they become part of daily or weekly patterns,said CarolBerning, a consumer psychologist who recently retired from Procter & Gamble, the company that专业

43、资料整理WORD格式sold $76 billion of Tide, Crest and other products last year.“ Creating positive habits is a huge专业资料整理WORD格式part of improving our consumers lives, and it s essentialewprtoductsmakingcommerciallyn专业资料整理WORD格式viable.Through experiments and observation, social scientists like Dr. Berning hav

44、e learned thatthere is power in tying certain behaviors to habitual cues through relentless advertising. As thisnew science of habit has emerged, controversies have erupted when the tactics have been used tosell questionable beauty creams or unhealthy foods.31. According to Dr. Curtis, habits like h

45、and washing with soap_. A should be further cultivatedB should be changed gradually C are deeply rooted in historyD are basically private concerns32. Bottled water, chewing gun and skin moisturizers are mentioned in Paragraph 5 so asto_A reveal their impact on people s habitsB show the urgent need o

46、f daily necessitiesC indicate their effect on people s buying powerD manifest the significant role of good habits33. Which of the following does NOT belong to products that help create people s habitsATide专业资料整理WORD格式B CrestC ColgateD Unilever34. From the text we know that some of consumer s habits

47、are developed due to _Aperfected art of products Bautomatic behavior creation Ccommercial promotions Dscientific experiments35. The author s attitude toward the influence of advertisement on people s habits is_A indifferentB negative C positiveD biasedText4Many Americans regard the jury system as a

48、concrete expression of crucial democratic values,including the principles that all citizens who meet minimal qualifications of age and literacy are equally competent to serve on juries; that jurors should be selected randomly from a representative cross section of the community; that no citizen shou

49、ld be denied the right to serve on a jury on account of race, religion, sex, or national origin; that defendants are entitled to trial by their peers;and that verdicts should represent the conscience of the community and not just the letter of thelaw. The jury is also said to be the best surviving e

50、xample of direct rather than representativedemocracy. In a direct democracy, citizens take turns governing themselves, rather than electing representatives to govern for them.But as recently as in 1986, jury selection procedures conflicted with these democratic ideals.In some states, for example, ju

51、ry duty was limited to persons of supposedly superior intelligence,education, and moral character. Although the Supreme Court of the United States had prohibited intentional racial discrimination in jury selection as early as the 1880 case of Strauder v. West Virginia, the practice of selecting so-c

52、alled elite or blue-ribbon juries provided a convenient wayaround this and other antidiscrimination laws.The system also failed to regularly include women on juries until the mid-20thcentury.专业资料整理WORD格式Although women first served on state juries in Utah in 1898, it was not until the 1940s that a ma

53、jority of states made women eligible for jury duty. Even then several states automatically exempted women from jury duty unless they personally asked to have their names included on thejury list. This practice was justified by the claim that women were needed at home, and it kept juries unrepresenta

54、tive of women through the 1960s.In 1968, the Congress of the United States passed the Jury Selection and Service Act,ushering in a new era of democratic reforms for the jury. This law abolished special educational requirements for federal jurors and required them to be selected at random from a cros

55、s section of the entire community. In the landmark 1975 decision Taylor vs. Louisiana, the Supreme Court extended the requirement that juries be representative of all parts of the community to the statelevel. The Taylor decision also declared sex discrimination in jury selection to be unconstitution

56、al and ordered states to use the same procedures for selecting male and female jurors.36. From the principles of the US jury system, we learn that _Aboth liberate and illiterate people can serve on juriesBdefendants are immune from trial by their peersCno age limit should be imposed for jury service

57、Djudgment should consider the opinion of the public37. The practice of selecting so-called elite jurors prior to 1968 showed_Athe inadequacy of antidiscrimination lawsBthe prevalent discrimination against certain races Cthe conflicting ideals in jury selection proceduresDthe arrogance common among t

58、he Supreme Court justices38. Even in the 1960s, women were seldom on the jury list in some states because_Athey were automatically banned by state laws Bthey fell far short of the required qualifications Cthey were supposed to perform domestic dutiesDthey tended to evade public engagement39. After t

59、he Jury Selection and Service Act was passed._A sex discrimination in jury selection was unconstitutional and had to be abolishedB educational requirements became less rigid in the selection of federal jurors专业资料整理WORD格式C jurors at the state level ought to be representative of the entire communityD states ought to conform to the federal court in reforming the jury system40. In discussing the US jury system, the