河北省新乐市第一中学高中英语 Unit3 ComputersGrammar课件 新人教版必修2

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1、The Present Perfect Passive Voice1) 现在完成时现在完成时(have/has + 过去分词过去分词)现在完成时现在完成时的动作或情况虽然发生在过去，的动作或情况虽然发生在过去，但它强调的是与现在的关系，用来说明现在但它强调的是与现在的关系，用来说明现在的情况。现在完成时不能与表示确定的过去的情况。现在完成时不能与表示确定的过去时间的状语连用时间的状语连用, 如如: yesterday, two weeks ago, in 1978, when I got there 等等, 现在完成现在完成时常与时常与 already, always, often, ever

2、, never, yet, not.yet, just等不表示明确等不表示明确1. 两种时态两种时态的时间副词连用的时间副词连用, 还可以和表示时间一还可以和表示时间一直延续到目前的带直延续到目前的带since, for 的状语及包的状语及包括现在在内的词连用。如括现在在内的词连用。如: now, today, this month, this year, recently, these few days 等。不能用在现在完成进行时态的等。不能用在现在完成进行时态的动词，如：动词，如：be, have, like, love, know, believe, hate等。等。 一般过去时则是表示

3、过去某时发生一般过去时则是表示过去某时发生的动作或情况的动作或情况, 与现在毫无关系。与现在毫无关系。2) 现在完成进行时现在完成进行时 (have/has + been + 现在分词）现在分词）1) 一般现在时的被动语态一般现在时的被动语态 (am/is/are+ 过过去分词）去分词） 如如: The work is done during two days.2) 一般过去时的被动语态一般过去时的被动语态 (was/were+ 过过去分词）去分词） 2. 七种被动语态形式七种被动语态形式 如如: He was sent to the hospital immediately after th

4、e accident.3) 一般将来时的被动语态一般将来时的被动语态 (will/shall + be + 过去分词或过去分词或 + be going to + be + 过去分词过去分词） 如如: The work will be finished soon.4) 现在进行时的被动语态现在进行时的被动语态 (is/am/are + being+ 过去分词过去分词） 如如: The bridge is now being constructed.5) 现在完成时的被动语态现在完成时的被动语态 (have/has +been + 过去分词过去分词） 如如: The radio has been

5、repaired when we phoned the shop.6) 带情态动词的被动语态带情态动词的被动语态 (情态动词情态动词 + be + 过去分词过去分词) 如如: This can be done in a few minutes.7) 动词不定式的被动式动词不定式的被动式 (to be + 过去分词过去分词) 如如: It is an honor for me to be askedto speak here. 现在完成时的被动语态表示动作发生在过现在完成时的被动语态表示动作发生在过去去, 到现在已经完成或对现在仍有影响到现在已经完成或对现在仍有影响, 其构成其构成是是: hav

6、e/has been + done。例如：例如： 1. The dirty clothes have been washed. 脏衣服都已经洗了。脏衣服都已经洗了。 2. The plan has been studied by the experts for three times. 这项计划已经由专家研究过三次了。这项计划已经由专家研究过三次了。现在完成时的被动语态现在完成时的被动语态3. The child has been taken care of by Grandma Wang all these years. 这些年来这些年来, 这个小孩一直由王奶奶照料。这个小孩一直由王奶奶照料

7、。现在完成时被动态：现在完成时被动态：have / has + been + 动词过去分词动词过去分词现在完成进行时：现在完成进行时：have / has + been + 动词现在分词动词现在分词 它们的构成的区别在最后的动词上它们的构成的区别在最后的动词上, 被动被动态接的是过去分词形式态接的是过去分词形式, 现在完成进行时接的现在完成进行时接的是现在分词形式。是现在分词形式。1. 主语是行为动作的承受者。如：主语是行为动作的承受者。如： The Temple of Zhang Fei has been rebuilt. 张飞庙已经过重建。张飞庙已经过重建。2. 说话时已经完成的动作或出现

8、的结果。说话时已经完成的动作或出现的结果。如如: The door has been locked. 门已经被锁上了。门已经被锁上了。3. 动作或状态始于过去动作或状态始于过去, 持续到现在持续到现在, 并可并可能持续下去。如：能持续下去。如： He has been told about it for many times. 有人告诉他这事很多次了。有人告诉他这事很多次了。 （可能还会有人告诉他）（可能还会有人告诉他）（我或别人现在进不去）（我或别人现在进不去）4. 用在时间和条件状语从句中用在时间和条件状语从句中, 表示将表示将来来 某时已完成的动作。如：某时已完成的动作。如： Well

9、start as soon as the work has been finished. 工作一完成我们就立即动身。工作一完成我们就立即动身。 注意注意:1. 副词的位置副词的位置 often, usually, always, never, hardly, seldom等副词置于等副词置于have/has和和been中间。中间。如如: 误误 Such a man has been hardly believed. 正正 Such a man has hardly been believed.2. 并不是所有动词都有被动语态并不是所有动词都有被动语态 1) happen, take place

10、, break out, belong to, cost, last等不及物动词或词组无被动语等不及物动词或词组无被动语态。如：态。如： 误误 Great changes have been taken place in China since 1978. 正正 Great changes have taken place in China since 1978.2) open, break, drop等不强调动作发出者等不强调动作发出者时常用主动语态。如：时常用主动语态。如： 误误 The door has been opened of itself. 正正 The door has ope

11、ned of itself.3. 短语动词不可分割或省略其中的介词短语动词不可分割或省略其中的介词或副词。如：或副词。如：The SARS patients have been taken good care of.4. 一些特殊动词一些特殊动词, 如如borrow, finish, begin, buy, start, return, marry, open, join等构等构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达相应的一段时间的状语连用。若要表达相应的意思，意思， 则需改换动词或时态。如：则需改换动词或时态。如： My brothe

12、r has had(不能用不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years. How long has this book been bought? How long ago was this book bought?(1) 不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。 如如: Some new computers were stolen last night. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。 (不知道电脑是谁偷的不知道电脑是谁偷的) This book was published in 1981.

13、这本书出版于这本书出版于1981年。年。被动语态的用法被动语态的用法:(2) 强调动作的承受者强调动作的承受者, 而不强调动作的执行者。而不强调动作的执行者。 如如: The window was broken by Mike. 窗户是迈克打破的。窗户是迈克打破的。 This book was written by him. 这本书是他写的。这本书是他写的。(1) 把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。(2) 把谓语变成被动结构把谓语变成被动结构(be过去分词过去分词) (根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态

14、句子中动词的时态来决以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定定be的形式的形式)。主动语态变被动语态的方法主动语态变被动语态的方法(3) 把主动语态中的主语放在介词把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾之后作宾语语, 将主格改为宾格。例如：将主格改为宾格。例如： All the people laughed at him. He was laughed at by all people. They make the bikes in the factory. The bikes are made by them in the factory. 歌诀是歌诀是:宾变主宾变主, 主变宾主变宾, by短

15、语后面跟。短语后面跟。 谓语动词变被动谓语动词变被动, be后后“过分过分”来使用。来使用。4) 双宾语动词变被动语态可将其中的一双宾语动词变被动语态可将其中的一个宾语变为主语，个宾语变为主语， 另一个保留不动。另一个保留不动。主动：主动：I have given him the key.被动：被动：He has been given the key.被动：被动：The key has been given (to) him.5) 带复合宾语的动词变被动语态时带复合宾语的动词变被动语态时, 只能只能将宾语变为主语将宾语变为主语, 原来的宾补保留不动，原来的宾补保留不动， 改称主语补足语。改称主

16、语补足语。主动：主动：I have asked her to help you.被动：被动：She has been asked to help you.Exercises1. Both my brother work at the power station that _ in my hometown. A. has set up B. has been set up C. was set up D. is set up2. -_ the sports meet will be put off. A. Ive been told B. Ive told C. Im told D. I tol

17、d3. All the preparation for the task _, and were ready to start. A. completed B. complete C. had been completed D. have been done4. - How long _ at this job? - Since 1990. A. were you employed B. have you been employed C. had you been employed D. will you be employed5. When and where to go for the o

18、n- salary holiday _ yet. A. are not decided B. have not been decided C. is not being decided D. has not been decided6. Betty_ injured since last Saturday. A. has been B. was C. is D. has7. That book _into at least 20 foreign languages.A. has said to be translatedB. has been said to have translatedC.

19、 is said that it had been translatedD. is said to have been translated注注:该句的句型是该句的句型是:It is said that/people (they) said that/that book is said to 根据句意是已经被译成了根据句意是已经被译成了20 多种文字多种文字所以要用现在完成时的被动语态。所以要用现在完成时的被动语态。 8. Hi, Tom, you look tired. - Of course. I _ the living room all day. A. had painted B. p

20、ainted C. have been painted D. have been painting9. -Did you move into the new house? - No. The rooms _ yet. A. were being painted B. are painting C. have not painted D. have not been painted 10. Great changes_ in my hometown and a lot of factories _. A. have been taken place; are being set up B. ha

21、ve taken place; have been set up C. are taken place; had been set up D. took place; will set up 11. Its said that this book_ into Chinese. A. had translated B. has translated C. was translated D. has been translated 12. You cant move in .The house _. A. is painting B. is being painted C. has painted

22、 D. has been painted 13. Millions of pounds worth of damage_ by a storm which swept across the north of England last night. (2005重庆重庆) A. has been caused B. had been caused C. will be caused D. will have been cause14. Have you ever_ to the exhibition which _for three weeks? A. gone; has been shown B

23、. visited; shown C. been; has been on show D. went; lasted15. -How long ago _ these eggs_? - Perhaps 15 days. A. will; hatch B. did; hatch C. were; hatched D. have; been hatched改错改错1. A personal computer has bought by us. A personal computer has been bought by us.2. Many problems has been found with

24、 our new computer. Many problems have been found with our new computer.3. A PC has been builded the way we wanted. A PC has been built the way we wanted.4. Our computer just has been joined to the internet. Our computer has just been joined to the internet.5. The computer was used every day since we

25、 bought it. The computer has been used every day since we bought it.6. A lot of e-mails had written on the computer in the past 5 years. A lot of e-mails have been written on the computer in the past 5 years.用被动语态改写下列句子。用被动语态改写下列句子。1.They have finished the construction of the new railway lines by no

26、w.2. We have built a new library and a gymnasium in our school this year.The construction of the new railway lines has been finished by them by now. 2. A new library and a gymnasium have been built in our school this year by us.3. The car factory has produced a great many fine cars since the technol

27、ogical revolution.A great many fine cars have been produced by the car factory since the technological revolution.4. They have made a plan to help the poor children in the poor area.5. The government has spent a lot of money on the Hope Project.A plan has been made by them to help the poor children in the poor area.A lot of money has been spent on the Hope Project by the government.