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1、Cultural Dissimilarities and Strategies in Idiom Translation1.IntroductionLanguagecannotexistwithoutcultureasitscomponent.Aspartoflanguage，idiomsthatincludesayingsandproverbsarecharacterizedbytheirrichnessandvividnessintheirconciseexpressions.Intranslation，thisspeciallanguageformisgreatlyinvolved.In
2、abroadsense，humanbeingssharecommoncultureandculturalsimilaritiesaretheoverlapsofculturalfeaturesbetweenlanguages.Whenidiomsofthesourcelanguagearesimilartothoseofthetargetlanguageintermsofchoiceofwords，collocationandsocialmeanings，translationbecomeseasybecauseofthepositiveinfluenceofculturalsimilarit
3、ies.Butaterminonelanguagemaynothaveacounterpartinanotherlanguage.ThemaindifferencesbetweenChineseandEnglishidiomslienotonlyinthelanguageexpressionwaysofvocabulary，grammar，andrhetoricdevices，butalsointheirdifferentculturalbackgrounds，becauseChineseandEnglishidiomsoriginatefromdifferentcultures.Thus，i
4、ntranslationofidioms，muchattentionshouldbepaidtothedissimilaritiesofculturesaswellaslanguagesthemselves.2.CulturalDissimilaritiesInanylanguage，thereisaprofoundculturalintentionrelativetoitsownphysiology，convention，andreligiousbelief，etc.EugeneNidahascategorizedcultureintothreekinds：1ecologyculture，2
5、materialculture，3socialculture，EnglishandChineseidioms，closelyrelatedtotheirowncultures，conveydifferentculturalfeaturesthatresultingreateffectinidiomtranslation.2.1RegionalCulturalDissimilaritiesRegionculturesrefertotheculturesformedbydifferentregionalenvironmentandlivingconditions.Differentlanguage
6、forms，aspartialreflectionofregioncultures，areappliedbydifferentnationstoshowtheirattitudestowardsthingsorphenomena.BritonisanislandcountrywhernavigationbusinesswasintheleadwhileChinesehavelivedinmainlandandcultivatedaloveforfarmingandlandlife.Sosayingsomeoneisextravagant，wesay“spendmoneylikewaterinE
7、nglish，but“揮金如土inChinese.Furthermore，theremanyEnglishidiomsaboutshipandwaterhavenocounterpartsinChinese，e.g.“tokeeponesheadabovewater奋力图存，“allatsea不知所措，“ascloseasanoyster守口如瓶，etc.2.2HistoricalCulturalDissimilaritiesHistoryculturesareformedbyspecialhistorydevelopmentsandhistoricallegacies，andcomposed
8、ofallusion，decreesandregulations，myths，poems，ancientbooksandrecords.Amongthem，allusionismostimportantandnational.ChineseandEnglishenjoydifferenthistoricalorbits.AlotofChineseidiomscarvedwithobviousnationalcharacteristicsarecloselyrelatedtoHanCulture.e.g.“有眼不识泰山，“暗渡陈仓，“逼上梁山.ManyEnglishidiomsareformed
9、onthebasisoffamoushistoricalevents，e.g.“CrosstheRubiconandburnonesboatsbridges.InancientRome，onceCaesarcrossedtheRubiconwithhisfightersandthenburnedalltheboatstheyhadtaken.3.StrategiesinIdiomTranslationCulturaldissimilaritiesareagreatbarriertoidiomtranslation.onlyfullycomprehendtheculturalconnotatio
10、nsofbothChineseandEnglishidiomscanwemakepropertranslation.Someprinciplesandmethodsadoptedhererespectivelyhavetheiradvantagesanddisadvantages.3.1LiteralTranslationWhentheirculturalsimilaritiesadjustpositively，literaltranslationisusedwithoutviolatingthelanguageruleanddestroyingexpressiveeffectofidioms
11、.Buttheirmessagesintranslationcanbereduceddifficultlybythereadershipofthetargetlanguage，e.g.1Itmustbeagreatcomforttoyoutohaveallthenewsatfirsthand.能夠获得第一手消息，对你一定是莫大的抚慰。3.2TransferredTranslationSomecorrespondinglystableidioms，richincontentsandmetaphoricalimages，areformedinthedevelopmentofEnglishandCh
12、ineselanguages.Intranslatingtheseidioms，theoriginalmetaphoricalimagesusuallybetransferredinthetargetlanguageowningtoculturaldissimilarities.1Ilookatthesunlightcominginattheopendoorthroughtheporch，andthereIseeastraysheep-Idontmeanasinner，butmutton;我往阳光射进敞着门的门廊那儿瞧，看见了一只迷了路的羊我说的这只羊不是罪人，而是宰肉吃的羊注：基督教把“迷途
13、的羊比作误入歧途得罪人。4.ConclusionBothChineseandEnglishidiomsarecarvedwithrichnationalcultures.Thedifficultyinidiomtranslationliesmainlyintheculturaldissimilarities，theknowledgeofwhichisoneofthequalitiesofatranslator.Anytranslationprincipleormethodhasmoreorlessdisadvantages.TotranslateEnglishandChineseidioms，oneshouldcultivatehiscomprehensiveabilityofcultureanddeveloporiginality.References：【1】邓炎昌，刘润清.语言与文化M.外语教学与研究出版社，1989.【作者简介】付敏荣，山东协和学院。
Cultural Dissimilarities and Strategies in Idiom Translation
