直接引语变间接引语

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1、直接引语变间接引语一随主堤指在直接引语变间接引 语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人 称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的 人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化 如：She said. My brother wants to go with me. 宀 She said her brother wanted to go with her.二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语 时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二 人称。或被第二人你所修饰。从句 中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。 也可以用第一人称，如：He said to Kate. How is your sister now? 宀 He as

2、ked Kate how her sister was then。第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变 间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及 宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修 饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化 如：Mr Smith said。 Jack is a good worker。宀 Mr Smith said Jack was a good worker。变时态：直接引语在改为间接引语时、时态需要做相应的调整。现在时它需改为过去时态；过去时 态改为完成时；过去完成时则保留 原来的时态。如：1) She said. I have lost apen. tShe said she had lost apen

3、2) She said. We hope so. t She said they hoped so.3) She said. He will go to see his friend。 t She said he would go to see his friend。但要注意在以下几种情况下。在直 接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般 不变化。 直接引语是客观真理。The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth, the teacher told me.teacher told me the earth moves

4、 around the sun and the moon moves around the earth 。 直接引语是过去进行时，时态不 变。如：Jack said. Joh n, where were you going when I met you in thestreet? f Jack asked Joh n where he was going when he met him in the street。 直接引语中有具体的过去某年、 某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语 时，时态不变。如：Xiao Wang said. I was born onApril 21, 1980。 f Xia

5、o Wang said he was born on April 20, 1980。 直接引语如果是一般现在时。表 示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作， 变间接引语，时态不变。如：He said, I get up at six every morning。 f He said he gets up at six every morning。 如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式(例：ought to , had better, used to)和已经是过去时的 形式时，(例：could, should, would, might)不再变。如：Peter said. You had better

6、 come have today。 f Peter said I had better go there that day。三、如何变状语： 直接引语变间接引语，状语变化有 其内在规津，时间状语由现在”改为原来”（例：now变为then, yesterday。变为 the day before ） 地点状语，尤其表示方向性的，或 用指示代词修饰的状语，由此”改为 彼”（例：this改为that）,如：He said, These books are mi ne. t He said tho se books were his.四、如何变句型： 直接引语如果是陈述句，间接引 语应改为由that引

7、导的宾语从句。女口： She said, Our bus will arrive in five minutes. t She said that theii bus would arrive in five minutes. 直接引语如果是反意疑问句，选 择疑问句或一般疑问句，间接引语 应改为由whether或if引导的宾语 从句.女口： He said, Can you swim,John? f Heasked John if he could swim.You have finished the homework, haven t you? my mother asked. f My m

8、other asked me whether I had finished the homework.Do you go to school by bus or by bike? f He asked me if I went to school by bus or by bike. 直接引语如果是特殊问句，间接 引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副 词引导的宾语从句(宾语从句必须 用陈述句语序)。She asked me, When do they have their dinn er? 宀 She asked me when they had their dinner. 直接引语如果是祈使句，间

9、接引语应改为tell(ask, order, beg 等) sb (not) to do sth.句型。如：Don t make any noise, she saidto the c hildren. 宀 She told (ordered) the children n ot to make any no ise. Bri ng me a cup of tea,please, said she. 宀 She asked him to bring her a cup of tea. 直接引语如果是以“Let开头的 祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“ suggest动句词（或从句）。”如:He

10、said, Let s go to the film. t He suggested g oing to the film. 或 He suggested that they should go to see the film.引述别人的话有两种方式：一是使 用引号引出人家的原话，这叫做直 接引语；一是用自己的话把人家的 话转述出来，这叫做间接引语。例 如:John said, I m going to Londonwith my father.约翰说：我要和父亲到伦敦去。 （引号内是直接引语）Joh n said that he was going toLondon with his fat

11、her.约翰说，他要和他父亲去伦敦。（宾 语从句是间接引语）由直接引语变为间接引语，分以下 情况：1直接引语是陈述句时 间接引语为that引导的宾语从句（口语中that可以省略），主句的引述动词主要有 say ,tell, repeat, explain, think 等。He said , You are youn ger tha n1. - He said (that ) I was younger than him.2. 直接引语是疑问句时间接引语为陈述语序：主句的谓语 动词 say 改为 ask,或改为 wonder, do not know, want to know, be not

12、 sure, be puzzled 等。(1) 一般疑问句或反意疑问句变 为if (whether)引导的宾语从句。She said, Do you ofte n come here to read newspapers?f She asked me if （或 whether” ofte n went there to read newspapers.She asked me , You have seen the film, haven t you? f She asked me whether（ 或 if ）1 had see n the film.（2）选择疑问句变为 whether.

13、or宾语从句。I asked him, Will you stay at home or go to a film toni ght? f I asked him whether he would stay at home or go to a film that night.(3) 特殊疑问句变为由原来的疑问词 引导的宾语从句。He asked , Where do you live? t He asked me where I lived.3. 直接引语是祈使句时间接引语为不定式，作ask , tell,beg, order, warn, advise 等动词的 宾语补足语(don t变为

14、not ).The teacher said to the boy,Ope n the window.t The teachertold the boy to ope n the win dow.His father said to him , Donleave the door open. t His fathetold him not to leave the door ope n.如果主句谓语动词为各种现在时或 一般将来时，则间接引语中的动词 仍保持直接引语原来时态。如果主 句谓语动词为过去时，间接引语中 的动词时态按下列变化：（1）一般现在时变为一般过去时（2）现在进行时变为过去进行时（3）一般将来时变为过去将来时（4）现在完成时变为过去完成时（5）一般过去时变为过去完成时（6）过去完成时不变，仍为过去 完成时注意(1)如果直接引语是表示客观真 理时，变为间接引语，一般现在时 不改为一般过去时。如：The teacher said The earth goes round the sun. t The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.