完整版英语词汇积累

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1、1. budge1. budge budges budgi ng budgedIf some one will not budge on a matter, or if nothing budges them, they refuse to cha nge their mind or to come to an agreeme nt.Both sides say they will not budge.The America ns are adama nt that they will not budge on this point.No amount of prodd ing will bu

2、dge him.V-ERG: with brd-neg2. budge budges budgi ng budgedIf some one or someth ing will not budge, they will not move. If you cannot budge them, you cannot make them move.Her mother refused to budge from London.The window refused to budge.I got a grip on the boat and pulled but I could nt budge it.

3、V-ERG: with brd-neg2. concussion （ 脑震荡）con cussi on con cussi onsIf you suffer concussion after a blow to your head, you lose consciousness or feel sick or con fused.Nicky was rushed to hospital with con cussi on.She fell off a horse and suffered a con cussi on.N-VARconcussedIf some one is con cusse

4、d, they lose con scious ness or feel sick or con fused because they have bee n hit hard on the head.My left arm is badly bruised and I was slightly con cussed.He was badly win ded and con cussed.ADJ-GRADED: usu v-li nk ADJcon uss v. : to affect with or as if with concussionA middle-aged woma n con c

5、ussed by a blow on the head.3. gouge1. gouge gouges gougi ng gougedIf you gouge someth ing, you make a hole or a long cut in it, usually with a poin ted object. He gouged her cheek with a screwdriver.quarries which have gouged great holes in the hills.VB+ gouge gougesAlso a noun.a muddy gouge in the

6、 ground. N-COUNT2. gouge gougesA gouge is a tool which is used for cutt ing and shap ing wood.N-COUNT3. gouge gouges gougi ng gougedIf you say that a bus in ess gouges its customers, you mean that it forces them to pay an un fairly high price for its goods or services. (mai nly AM, INFORMAL)Banks an

7、d credit-card compa nies have bee n accused of gougi ng their customers.VB disapproval=gougi ngThe airli ne in dustry has charged the oil compa nies with price gougi ng.N-UNCOUNT4. fledgli ng1. fledgli ng fledgli ngsA fledgli ng is a young bird that has its feathers and is lear ning to fly.N-COUNT2.

8、 fledgli ngYou use fledgling to describe a person, organization, or system that is new or without experie nee.the sound practical advice he gave to fledgling writers.Russias fledgli ng democracy.ADJ: ADJ n5. witherl. wither withers withering witheredIf some one or someth ing withers, they become ver

9、y weak.When he went into retireme nt, he visibly withered.The question now is whether the railways will flourish or wither in the hands of the private sector.VB+ wither away withers away; witheri ng away; withered awayWither away means the same as wither.To see my body literally wither away before m

10、y eyes was exasperat ing. PHR-V2. wither withers withering witheredIf a flower or plant withers, it dries up and dies.The flowers in Isabels room had withered.Farmers in the Midwest have watched their crops wither because of drought con diti ons.VB=withered.a mound of withered leaves.His fridge was

11、bare apart from three very withered tomatoes.ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n3. wither withersThe highest part of a horses back, beh ind its n eck, is referred to as its withers.N-PLURAL6. tab1. tab tabsA tab is a small piece of cloth or paper that is attached to somethi ng, usually withinformation about that

12、thing written on it.A stupid medical clerk had slipped the wrong tab on his X-ray while reaching for a mug of tea.a small red tab sew n on to the left-ha nd side of the back right pocket.N-COUNT=tag, label2. tab tabsA tab is the total cost of goods or services that you have to pay, or the bill or ch

13、eck for those goods or services. (ma in ly AM)At least one estimate puts the total tab at $7 milli on.Ill get my purse out of the bedroom. nNo sweat, Mrs. Day. We can put it on your tab. N-COUNT=bill3. tab tabsA tab is a metal strip that you pull off the top of a can of drink in order to open it.N-C

14、OUNT4. tab tabsA tab is tablet of a drug that is sold illegally. (INFORMAL)One tab of Ecstasy costs at least s15.N-COUNT5. tabIf some one keeps tabs on you, they make sure that they always know where you are and what you are doing, ofte n in order to con trol you. (INFORMAL)It was obvious Hill had c

15、ome over to keep tabs on Joh nson and make sure he did nt do anything drastic.PHR: V in flects: PHR n6. tabIf you pick up the tab, you pay a bill on behalf of a group of people or provide the money that is needed for someth ing. (INFORMAL)Pollard picked up the tab for dinner that ni ght.Today any em

16、ployee with back or shoulder pain can go straight to Mr Jay and the compa ny will pick up the tab.PHR: V in flects7. equilibrium.equilibrium equilibriaEquilibrium is a bala nee betwee n several differe nt in flue nces or aspects of a situati on. (FORMAL)Stocks seesawed ever lower un til prices found

17、 some new level of equilibrium.For the economy to be in equilibrium, in come must equal expe nditure.N-VAR2. equilibriumSome on es equilibrium is their no rmal calm state of mind.I paused in the hall to take three deep breaths to restore my equilibrium. He had recovered his equilibrium and even his

18、good humour, somehow. N-UNCOUNT: oft poss N8. lurel.lure lures luri ng luredTo lure some one means to trick them into a particular place or to trick them into doing someth ing that they should not do.He lured her to his home and shot her with his fathers gun.They did n ot realize that they were bein

19、g lured into a trap.The compa ny aims to lure smokers back to cigarettes.VB=trick2.lure luresA lure is an object which is used to attract ani mals so that they can be caught.N-COUNT3.lure luresA lure is an attractive quality that something has, or something that you find attractive.The exciteme nt o

20、f hunting big game in Africa has bee n a lure to Europea ns for 200 years. The lure of rural life is proving as strong as ever.N-COUNT: usu sing9. vievie vies vying viedIf one pers on or thing is vying with ano ther for someth ing, the people or things are competi ng for it. (FORMAL)California is vy

21、i ng with other states to capture a piece of the grow ing com muni cati ons market.Four rescue pla ns are vying to save the zoo.In hospitals, bus in ess pla ns vie with patie nts for doctors atte nti on.The two are vying for the support of New York voters.V-RECIP=compete, struggle10. continuum ( 连续统

22、一体；闭联集)1. continuum continua or continuumsA continuum is a set of things on a scale, which have a particular characteristic to different degrees. (FORMAL)These various complaints are part of a continuum of ill-health.It is at one end of the cost continuum.N-COUNT: usu sing2. c on ti nuum continua or

23、 con ti nuumsA continuum is a con ti nu ous series of closely conn ected eve nts. (FORMAL)The medical professi onal bodies reply that developme nt from fertilisatio n on wards is a con ti nuum.N-COUNT: usu sing11. falter1. falter falters faltering falteredIf someth ing falters, it loses power or str

24、e ngth in an un eve n way, or no Ion ger makes much progress.Normal life is at a standstill, and the economy is faltering.The car was out of sight around a bend in mome nts, but the engine did not falter or slow dow n.A falteri ng economy and a recent wave of labour un rest have affected the new par

25、tys popularity.VB2. falter falters faltering falteredIf you falter, you lose your con fide nce and stop doing someth ing or start making mistakes.I have not faltered in my quest for a new future.As he n eared the house his steps faltered.VB3. falter falters faltering falteredIf your voice falters wh

26、en you are speaking, you hesitate or pause, because you are unsure about what you are saying or are upset.Her voice faltered and she had to stop a moment to control it.VB12. volatile1. volatileA situation that is volatile is likely to change suddenly and unexpectedly.There have been riots before and

27、 the situation is volatile.The international oil markets have been highly volatile since the early 1970s.Armed soldiers guard the streets in this volatile atmosphere. ADJ-GRADED= unstable=volatilityHe is keen to see a general reduction in arms sales given the volatility of the region.current stock m

28、arket volatility. N-UNCOUNT= instability2. volatileIf someone is volatile, their mood often changes quickly.He accompanied the volatile actress to Hollywood the following year.He has a volatile temper.ADJ-GRADED3. volatileA volatile liquid or substance is one that will quickly change into a gas. (TE

29、CHNICAL) Its thought that the blast occurred when volatile chemicals exploded.ADJ-GRADED13. aggregate1.aggregateAn aggregate amount or score is made up of several smaller amounts or scores added together.The rate of growth of GNP will depend upon the rate of growth of aggregate demand. England have

30、beaten the Welsh three times in succession with an aggregate score of 83-12. ADJ: ADJ n+ aggregate aggregatesAlso a noun.The highest aggregate came in the third round where Leeds and Middlesbrough drew 4-4. N-COUNT: usu sing 2.aggregate aggregates An aggregate is a number of people or things that ar

31、e being considered as a single thing. (FORMAL).society viewed as an aggregate of individuals.N-COUNT3. aggregate aggregates aggregating aggregatedIf amounts or things are aggregated, they are added together and considered as a single amount or thing. (FORMAL)Different economies, with different curre

32、ncies, should not be aggregated to produce uniform policies.We should never aggregate votes to predict results under another system. VB=aggregationA bigger objection is that aggregation of the results invites distortion. N-UNCOUNT: usu N of n4. aggregateIf a number of different things or amounts are

33、 considered in aggregate, or in the aggregate, they are considered as a single thing or amount. (FORMAL) Expenses are deductible only to the extent that in aggregate they exceed 7 percent of gross income.PHR = in total5. aggregateIf one team beats another on aggregate, it wins because it has a highe

34、r total score than the other team after a series of games. (BRIT)United won 5-3 on aggregate.PHR: PHR after v14. nominal1. nominal ( 名义上的 )You use nominal to indicate that someone or something is supposed to have a particular identity or status, but in reality does not have it.As he was still not al

35、lowed to run a company, his wife became its nominal head.I was brought up a nominal Christian.ADJ: usu ADJ n = in name only =nominally The Sultan was still nominally the Chief of Staff.South Africas nominally independent homeland of Transkei.Nominally she is the kings prisoner.ADV: ADV with cl/group

36、, ADV before v = technically2. nominalA nominal price or sum of money is very small in comparison with the real cost or value of the thing that is being bought or sold.I am prepared to sell my shares at a nominal price.All the ferries carry bicycles free or for a nominal charge.ADJ: ADJ n= token3. n

37、ominalIn economics, the nominal value, rate, or level of something is the one expressed in terms of current prices or figures, without taking into account general changes in prices that take place over time.Inflation would be lower and so nominal rates would be rather more attractive in real terms.

38、In 1990 personal incomes grew a nominal 6.8 per cent.ADJ: ADJ n* real15. parity1.parityIf there is parity between two things, they are equal. (FORMAL) Women have yet to achieve wage or occupational parity in many fields. Italy wanted naval parity with France.N-UNCOUNT= equality2.parity paritiesIf th

39、ere is parity between the units of currency of two countries, the exchange rate is such that the units are equal to each other. (TECHNICAL)The government was ready to let the pound sink to parity with the dollar if necessary. N-VAR16. peg1.peg pegsA peg is a small hook or knob that is attached to a

40、wall or door and is used for hanging things on.His work jacket hung on the peg in the kitchen.N-COUNT2.peg pegsA peg is a small device which you use to fasten clothes to a washing line. (mainly BRIT; in AM usually use clothespin)N-COUNT= clothes peg3. peg pegsA peg is a small piece of wood or metal

41、that is used for fastening something to something else.He builds furn iture using woode n pegs in stead of n ails.the noise of the hammer striking the steel pegs.N-COUNT4. peg pegs peggi ng peggedIf you peg something somewhere or peg it down, you fix it there with pegs.try ing to peg a double sheet

42、on a wash ing line on a blustery day.Peg dow n n ett ing over the top to keep out leaves.a tent pegged to the ground n earby for the kids.VB5. peg pegs peggi ng peggedIf a price or amount of something is pegged at a particular level, it is fixed at that level. Theyll have to set the rate at which th

43、e pound is pegged to the deutschmark.UK trading profits were pegged at s40 million.The Bank wants to peg rates at 9%.a pegged Europea n curre ncy.VBSee also level-peggi ng.6. pegIf you say that some one should be brought dow n a peg or be take n dow n a peg, you mean that they should be made to real

44、ize that they are not so importa nt or won derful as they think they are.We thought it was time they were brought dow n a peg or two.Wed have liked to see her take n dow n a peg, but not this way.PHR: V inflects7. pegOff-the-peg clothes are made in large nu mbers and sent to shops, not made speciall

45、y for a particular pers on. (BRIT; in AM use off-the-rack).a n off-the-peg two-piece suit.In stead of dining in top restaura nts and weari ng expe nsive suits, he likes to eat hamburgers and buys clothes off the peg.PHR: PHR n, PHR after v* made-to-measure8. pegIf you describe some one as a square p

46、eg in a round hole, you mean that they are in a situati on or doing someth ing that does not suit them at all.Taylor is clearly the wrong man for the jobma square peg in a round hole.PHR: v-li nk PHR=misfit17. eat into1. eat into eats in to; eat ing in to; ate in to; eate n intoIf something eats int

47、o your time or your resources, it uses them, when they should be used for other thin gs. Resp on sibilities at home and work eat into his time.Wages were rising faster tha n productivity and this was eati ng into profits.PHR-V2. eat into eats in to; eati ng in to; ate in to; eate n intoIf a substa n

48、ee such as acid or rust eats into someth in g, it destroys or damages its surface.Ulcers occur when the stomachs natural acids eat into the lining of the stomach.PHR-V18. pinch的其中两个用法1. If a pers on or compa ny is feeli ng the pin ch, they do not have as much money as they used to, and so they canno

49、t buy the things they would like to buy.Con sumers are spe nding less and traders are feeli ng the pin ch.PHR: V in flects2. pinchIf you are in a pin ch, you are in a difficult situati on.rd trust her in a pin ch.Everyone knew he was in a pin ch.PHR: oft PHR with cl19. forage1. forage forages foragi

50、 ng foragedIf some one forages for somethi ng, they search for it in a busy way.They were forced to forage for clothi ng and fuel.VB2. forage forages foragi ng foragedWhen ani mals forage, they search for food.We disturbed a wild boar that had bee n foragi ng by the roadside.The cat forages for food

51、.VB3. forageForage is crops that are grow n as food for cattle and horses.the amount of forage n eeded to feed one cow and its calf.N-UNCOUNT20. slumpl. slump slumps slumping slumpedIf someth ing such as the value of someth ing slumps, it falls sudde nly and by a largeamount.Net profits slumped by 4

52、1%.Government popularity in Scotland has slumped to its lowest level since the 1970s.VB+ slump slumpsAlso a noun.The coun cils land is now worth much less tha n origi nally hoped because of a slump in property prices.N-COUNT: oft N in n2. slump slumpsA slump is a time whe n many people in a country

53、are un employed and poor.the slump of the early 1980s.N-COUNT=recessi on3. slump slumps slumpi ng slumpedIf you slump somewhere, you fall or sit down there heavily, for example because you are very tired or you feel ill.She slumped into a chair.He saw the driver slumped over the wheel.VB21. amn esty

54、1. a mn esty amn estiesAn amn esty is an official pard on gran ted to a group of pris oners by the state.Activists who were in volved in crimes of viole nce will not automatically be gran ted amn esty. N-VAR=pard on2. a mn esty amn estiesAn amnesty is a period of time during which people can admit t

55、o a crime or give up weap ons without being puni shed.The gover nment has announced an immediate amn esty for rebel fighters. N-COUNT22. Mu nition（n.军火）Munitionis often defined as a synonym forammunition . A slightly broader definitionwould include bombs , missiles , warheads , and mines （ landmines

56、 , naval mines , and claymore mines ） - what munitions factories manufacture. These munitions are flung all over battlefields and war zones with lethal intent; unexploded ones may pose a hazard to civilia ns for years afterwards.23. bombletn.（名词）One of a nu mber of small bombs usually contained in a

57、 cluster bomb and released in midair.小炸弹：通常指包含榴霰弹之中并在空中释放的小炸弹之一24. i nstillin still / ?nst ? / verb transitiveto make some one have a particular feeli ng or belief:in still someth ing in some one: His pare nts had in stilled a last ing love of music in him.25. paraplegicparaplegic paraplegicsA parap

58、legic is some one who cannot move the lower half of their body, for example because of an injury to their spine.N-COUNT+ paraplegicAlso an adjective.A passe nger was injured so badly he will be paraplegic for the rest of his life.ADJ26. ren diti onren diti on ren diti onsA ren diti on of a play, poe

59、m, or piece of music is a performa nee of it.The musicia ns burst into a rous ing* ren diti on of Paddy Caseys Reel.N-COUNT: usu N of n=performa neeRous ing: 1. Giving or rising exciteme nt of sth. E.g. a rous ing speech2. Excepti on al, supreme27. hiatushiatus / ha ?e?t?s /A hiatus is a pause in wh

60、ich nothing happe ns, or a gap where somethi ng is miss ing. (FORMAL)Diplomatic efforts to reach a settleme nt resume today after a two-week hiatus.There was an hiatus in his acting life.N-SING: usu with supp, oft N in/of n28. acclaiml. acclaim acclaims acclaiming acclaimedIf some one or someth ing

61、is acclaimed, they are praised en thusiastically. (FORMAL) More recently she has been acclaimed for the TV dramas Prime Suspect and Civvies. He was acclaimed as En gla nds greatest moder n pain ter.The groups debut album was immediately acclaimed a hip hop classic.VB: usu passive=acclaimedShe has pu

62、blished six highly acclaimed novels.ADJ-GRADED2. acclaimAcclaim is public praise for someone or something. (FORMAL) Angela Bassett has won critical acclaim for her excellent performance.All this equipment has received international acclaim from the specialist hi-fi press. N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp, o

63、ft adj N= praise29. misanthropic(厌恶人类者的：厌恶人类者的、与厌恶人类者有关的或有厌恶人类者的特性的 )misanthropicIf you describe a person or their feelings as misanthropic, you mean that they do not like other people. (FORMAL)His father was a misanthropic but successful businessman.ADJ-GRADED30. accolade accolade accolades If someone is given an accolade, something is done or said about them which shows how much people admire them. (FORMAL)The Nobel prize has become the ultimate accolade in the sciences.Ari Hart recently received the accolade of