人文地理区位条件专题答题模板

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1、人文地理区位分析答题方法一、农业区位因素分析1. 自然因素气候：由地图判读出：是*气候，（雨热同期、光热水组合好，日照充足、昼夜温差大）地形：由地图判读出：为平原或三角洲，或地势低平或地形平坦开阔，地广人稀，土地广阔，土地租金低水源：临近水源（河流或冰川融水），水源充足，灌溉便利土壤：是*土壤，土壤肥沃深厚或土壤较肥沃 土壤酸碱性2.人文因素市场：该地区人口稠密或工矿业发达或城市较多，市场广阔（对商品农业影响大）交通：临近河或湖，水陆（海陆）交通便利或河流交汇处，内河航运发达（对商品农业影响大）政策：国家政策的支持（扶持、鼓励，如：良种补贴，保护价收购粮食）科技：科技水平高或科技发达劳动力：人

2、口稠密，劳动力丰富，劳动力工资低工业基础：工业发达，工业基础雄厚3.自然对农业的不利的区位因素洪涝、干旱、台风、春季低温、寒潮等气象灾害；热量、光照、水源、土壤肥力等不足，酸碱度偏高【典型案例】（1）我国东北商品谷物农业的区位因素：平原辽阔，耕地连片，利于大型机械化操作；土壤肥沃，土层深厚（或有肥沃的黑土）；温带季风气候，光照充足，雨热同期；灌溉水源充足。人少地多，土地增产潜力大；交通发达，铁路公路网稠密；中国人口众多，对粮食需求量大，国内市场广阔；国家政策扶持；有辽中南重工业基地提供机械化设备等。秦淮线以南水稻种植业的区位因素：亚热带季风气候，光热充足，降水丰沛（四川盆地水热充足）；河流众多

3、，灌溉水源充足；地势低平，土壤肥沃、深厚（长江中下游有水稻土，四川盆地有紫色土）；交通便利，市场广阔；人口稠密，劳动力资源丰富；栽培历史悠久，传统经验丰富。【思考】 两广丘陵的农业地域类型主要是哪一种？该区域发展此农业类型的区位优势有哪些？从土地利用的潜力看，该区域可以发展什么？二、工业区位因素分析1.自然因素原料：临近某原料产地，原料充足原料导向型工业能源：临近能源产地（如：煤、石油、天然气、水能、），能源充足动力导向型土地：土地平坦开阔，利于建厂水源：临近河流、湖泊或降水多，水源充足2.经济因素市场：人口稠密，市场广阔（对市场指向工业更明显）市场导向型工业交通：临海或海港、临河湖或河流交汇

4、处、临铁路或高速公路或航空港，路网密集，交通便利。劳动力：人口稠密，劳动力资源丰富劳动力导向型工业技术：科教发达或临近高等院校或科研院所，劳动力素质高技术导向型农业基础：临近商品粮基地或农业产区，农业基础雄厚或农业发达3.社会因素国家政策：国家政策的扶持、鼓励，国家政策变化（解决就业的工厂设在不盈利的区位；为缩小经济差距进行的西部大开发）个人偏好：如海外华人、华侨的投资 国防安全：某时期国防需要工业惯性：考虑搬迁费用或政府的影响或出于对当地经济的考虑等4.环境因素风向：严重污染大气的工厂，应该在城市主导风向的下风地带；在季风区，布局在与主导风向垂直的郊外；风向不定的地方，布置在当地最小风频的风

5、向的上风地带水源：有废水排放的工厂应布局在远离水源地或远离河流上游区；自来水厂布局在水源地上游或河流上游距离居民区、农田的远近：占地面积小无污染的工业，布局在城区；用地规模较大、污染较轻的工业可布局在城市的边缘或近郊地区；严重污染难以治理的大型企业，宜布局在远离市区的远郊或郊外生态环境：工业布局应远离生态环境脆弱地区【典型案例】武汉钢铁工业的区位条件：距铁矿区近：有大冶铁矿；能源充足：有葛州坝和三峡的水电，距华北能源基地也不远；水源充沛：有长江和汉江；地势平坦；工业基础好；水陆交通发达：有长江及汉江水运，京广线纵贯南北，高速公路四通八达；地理区位优越：中部经济区的中心，区域协作条件好，市场非常

6、广阔；科技文化较发达，劳动者素质较高。天津海洋化工的优势条件：原料充足：附近有全国最大的盐场长芦盐场；能源丰富：附近有开滦煤矿、华北油田等，而且有统一电网；地势平坦开阔；沿海交通便利，对外联系方便；人口、城市密集，接近消费市场；依托京津，背靠“三北”，区域协作条件好；国家政策支持。三、城市区位因素分析1.自然因素地形：由等高线地形图判读出：地形平坦开阔气候：由题设得出是什么气候，总结出：降水适度，气温适中河流：由地图判读出临河：运输功能：河流交汇点、过河点、河口、河运的起点或终点，交通便利供水功能：临近河流，水源充足或丰富2.社会经济因素自然资源：判读图中某地是否有某种自然资源或临近某种自然资

7、源交通：判读图中某地是否临铁路、公路或高速公路、港口或码头、以及多种交通方式的交汇处，交通便利农业基础：本地农业基础雄厚其他因素：是否是政治、宗教、军事中心是否是旅游、科技中心（新因素）【典型案例】 重庆发展的有利区位条件： 地理位置优越：位于长江和嘉陵江汇合处，水源充足、水运便利；自然条件优越：气候温暖湿润，水热充足，地势低平，土壤肥沃；农业发达，物产富饶；工业基础雄厚；科技教育较发达，劳动力资源丰富且素质较高；国家政策优惠，有西部大开发的机遇等。【思考】 攀枝花兴市的条件是什么？试分析这一西南钢城发展的有利区位因素。四、交通线区位因素分析1.自然因素地形地质：平原：限制少，少占好地，处理好

8、与农田水利建设、城镇发展的关系山地：尽量沿等高线修筑，尽量避开地形地质复杂的地区（隧道避开断层，陡坡上修成“之”字型弯曲或开凿隧道）水文：避开沼泽地，尽量避免跨越河流，减少桥梁总长度、降低投资和施工量气候：注意暴雨、大风等出现的强度和频率，冻土、积雪的深度，桥涵孔径大小、路基高度都需要根据当地暴雨强度来设计2.经济因素合理布局交通运输，促进沿线经济发展铁路、公路国道线基本方向以直达为主，并适当照顾沿线重要经济点，通过城市时应从城市边缘经过（减轻对市内交通的影响）省道等地方性公路，则以满足地方经济发展和居民需要为主，可以通过当地的居民点、车站、码头等3.社会因素巩固国防、加强民族团结、促进少数民

9、族地区或革命老区经济发展促进资源的开发、带动沿线经济的发展国境铁路、公路、高速公路能促进对外贸易的发展（发展边境贸易）【典型案例】京九铁路 合理布局交通网（缓解南北铁路的运输压力，激活全国铁路网）；促进沿线地区经济发展；维持香港的稳定和繁荣；先进的科学技术是保证。【思考】青藏铁路已建成，请从政治、经济、社会等方面分析其对青藏地区的意义。五、交通运输网中点的区位因素分析（一）港口的区位1.自然条件水域条件（航行条件）：等深线密江阔水深，空间大，便于航行和停泊港湾：避风浪陆域条件（筑港条件）：平原或三角洲地形平坦，坡度适当，地质稳定，抛锚空间大2.社会经济条件经济腹地：（港口服务的区域）经济发达，

10、辐射范围大，客货集散量大（影响港口的兴衰）城市依托：单一大城市或某个城市群为依托，为港口提供人、财、物的优势国家政策：政策支持，如自由贸易港，对外开放港，保税港等【典型案例】上海港的区位因素： 自然条件优越：位于长江入海口，大陆沿海航线的居中位置，河港、海港兼备；有长江和黄浦江为港口提供出充足的淡水和轮船停泊的空间；三角洲地势平坦开阔，筑港条件好。 经济腹地广阔且发达，交通非常便利； 有上海市为依托，具有人、财、物的优势。【思考】1、天津滨海新区的有利区位因素是什么?该新区开发、开放的意义有哪些？ 2、与上海港相比，天津新港建设的有利及不利条件分别是什么？ （二）汽车站的区位汽车站区位选择的总

11、原则是能够最大限度地方便旅客，即：路宽，与市内外交通联系方便；地形平坦面积较大；工程量。（三）航空港的区位1.自然条件地形：平坦开阔、坡度适当，保证排水通畅地质：有良好的地质条件，地基要稳，坚实气候：少云雾、大风、暴雨天气日数2.社会经济因素交通：要与市内有便利的交通联系，如高速公路或轨道交通经济：要建在经济发达的地区六、水电站的区位分析水量：与气候、干湿地区、河流的补给、流域面积或集水区域有关（由河流的位置判读）落差：与穿越等高线有关或位于地势阶梯过渡处具体开发：与地质、地貌（在地形图上一般位于峡谷，为了减少投资和工程量；地基要稳、坚实，少地质灾害；与水库选址相同）有关。七、水库坝址的区位选

12、择1.选在河流较窄处或盆地洼地的出口，原因：峡谷工程量小，工程造价低；盆地、洼地地形建水库库容量大2.选在地质条件较好的地方，尽量避开断层、喀斯特地貌等原因：防止诱发地震、滑坡3.考虑占地搬迁状况，尽量少淹没良田和村庄 八、卫星发射基地的区位分析1.自然因素气象条件：天气晴朗，大气透明度好，便于对卫星跟踪观察初速度：地球自转的速度纬度低，初速度大（如建设中的海南文昌卫星发射场）；纬度高，初速度小。地形：地形开阔，便于对卫星的跟踪观察。能源：向东发射，节约能源2.人文因素人口密度：地广人稀或人烟稀少，不干扰居民生活交通便利：我国的四个航天基地都便利 国防安全：如西昌最突出航天工业基础较好：如太原

13、九、卫星着陆基地的区位分析气象条件：天气晴朗，大气透明度高，便于对航天器的跟踪观察。地形条件：地形平坦、开阔，少河流峡谷，有利于航天器或航天员的安全和便于目标搜寻人口密度：地广人稀或人烟稀少，不干扰居民生活十、发展海洋水产业的区位分析1.大陆架宽、浅，水温适宜，阳光充足，有利于生物光合作用2.入海河流或径流带来丰富的有机质和营养盐类3.寒、暖流交汇，海水发生搅动或冬季海水上泛，营养盐类丰富十一、商业街的区位分析市场最优：城市几何中心，商业活动范围大 一般以零售为主交通最优：市区环路或高速公路边缘或街角处，交通便利 一般以批发为主商业小区：便民最优建在居民住宅区内，由多种营业点组成【典型案例】武

14、汉成为商业中心的区位条件：是中部经济区的中心城市，轻重工业发达，有稳定的商品供应；所在区域人口稠密、城市集中，消费市场广阔；水陆交通便利：长江和汉江汇合处，京广线贯穿南北，长江航线沟通东西。【思考】你认为南宁市成为广西商贸中心的有利区位因素是什么？54（英文版 ） Two regulations promulgated for implementation is in the party in power for a long time and the rule of law conditions, the implementation of comprehensive strictly st

15、rategic plan, implementation in accordance with the rules and discipline to manage the party, strengthen inner-party supervision of major initiatives. The two regulations supporting each other, the adhere to a positive advocate, focusing on morality is of Party members and Party leading cadres can s

16、ee, enough to get a high standard; around the party discipline, disciplinary ruler requirements, listed as negative list, focusing on vertical gauge, draw the party organizations and Party members do not touch the bottom line . Here, the main from four square face two party rules of interpretation:

17、the first part introduces two party Revised regulations the necessity and the revision process; the second part is the interpretation of the two fundamental principles of the revision of laws and regulations in the party; the third part introduces two party regulations modified the main changes and

18、needs to grasp several key problems; the fourth part on how to grasp the implementation of the two regulations of the party. and revised the necessity and revised history of the CPC Central Committee the amendment to the Chinese Communist Party members and leading cadres honest politics several guid

19、elines and column 1 by 2015 to strengthen party laws and regulations focus. Two party regulations revision work lasted a Years, pooling the wisdom of the whole party, ideological consensus, draw historical experience, respect for the wisdom of our predecessors, which reflects the unity of inheritanc

20、e and innovation; follow the correct direction, grasp the limited goals, adhere to the partys leadership, to solve the masses of the people reflect a focus on the problem. The new revision of the and , reflects the partys 18 and the eighth session of the third, the spirit of the fourth plenary sessi

21、on, reflecting the experience of studying and implementing the General Secretary Xi Jinping series of important speech, reflects the partys eighteen years comprehensive strictly practice. (a) revised two regulations of the party need of in based on revised, the promulgation and implementation of Jan

22、uary 2010, to strengthen the construction of the contingent of leading cadres play an important role. But with the party to manage the party strictly administering the deepening, has not been able to fully meet the actual needs. Content is too complicated, eight prohibition, 52 are not allowed to ha

23、rd to remember, and also difficult to put into practice; the second is concisely positive advocated by the lack of prohibited provisions excessive, no autonomy requirements; the third is banned terms and discipline law, both with the party discipline, disciplinary regulations repeat and Criminal law

24、 and other laws and regulations repeat; the fourth is to clean the theme is not prominent, not for the existing problems, and is narrow, only needle of county-level leading cadres above. is in 1997 based on revision, in December 2003 the promulgation and implementation, to strengthen the constructio

25、n of the party play very important role. Along with the development of the situation, which many provisions have been unable to fully meet the comprehensive strictly administering the practice needs. One is Ji law, more than half of the provisions and criminal law and other countries laws and regula

26、tions Repetition; two is the political discipline regulations is not prominent, not specific, for violation of the party constitution, damage the authority of Party Constitution of misconduct lack necessary and serious responsibility to pursue; third is the main discipline for the leading cadres, do

27、es not cover all Party members. Based on the above situation, need to and the two is likely to be more relevant regulations first amendment. By revising, really put the authority of Party discipline, the seriousness in the party tree and call up the majority of Party members and cadres of the party

28、constitution of party compasses party consciousness. (II) two party regulations revision process the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China attaches great importance to two regulations revision . Xi Jinping, general books recorded in the Fifth Plenary Session of the eighth session of the

29、Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, on the revised regulations made clear instructions. According to the central deployment, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection from 2014 under six months begin study two regulations revision. The Standing Committee of the Central Commission fo

30、r Discipline Inspection 4 review revised. Comrade Wang Qishan 14 times held a special meeting to study two regulations revision, amendment clarifies the direction, major issues of principle, path and target, respectively held a forum will listen to part of the province (area) secretary of the Party

31、committee, Secretary of the Discipline Inspection Commission, part of the central ministries and state organs Department The first party committee is mainly responsible for people, views of experts and scholars and grassroots party organizations and Party members. Approved by the Central Committee o

32、f the Communist Party of China, on 7 September 2015, the general office of the Central Committee of the Party issued a notice to solicit the provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) Party, the central ministries and commissions, state ministries and commissions of the Party (party), the Genera

33、l Political Department of the military, every 3 people organization of Party of two regulations revision opinion. Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of extensive solicitation of opinions, careful study, attracting, formed a revised sent reviewers. In October 8 and October 12, Central Commi

34、ttee Political Bureau Standing Committee and the Political Bureau of the Central Committee After consideration of the two regulations revised draft. On October 18, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China formally issued two regulations. Can say, two laws amendment concentrated the wisd

35、om of the whole party, embodies the party. Second, and revision of the basic principles of two party regulations revision work and implement the partys eighteen, ten eight plenary, the spirit of the Fourth Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee and General Secretary Xi Jinping important i

36、nstructions on the revised and , highlighting the ruling party characteristics, serious discipline, the discipline quite in front of the law, based on the current, a long-term, advance as a whole, with Bu Xiuding independent and . Main principle is: first, adhere to the party constitution to follow.

37、 The constitution about discipline and self-discipline required specific, awaken the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness, maintaining the authority of the constitution. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that no rules, no side round. Party constitution is the fundamental

38、law, the party must follow the general rules. In early 2015 held the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection Fifth Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee, Xi Jinping again pointed out that constitution is the party must follow the general rules, but also the general

39、 rules. the revision of the and is Method in adhere to the regulations established for the purpose of combining rule of virtue is to adhere to the party constitution as a fundamental to follow, the constitution authority set up, wake up the party constitution and party rules the sense of discipline,

40、 the party constitution about discipline and self-discipline specific requirements. 4 second is to adhere to in accordance with the regulations governing the party and the party. The Party of rule of virtue de, mainly refers to the partys ideals and beliefs, excellent traditional style. The revised

41、the closely linked to the self-discipline, insisting on the positive initiative, for all members, highlight the vital few, emphasized self-discipline, focusing on the morality, and the majority of Party members and the ideological and moral standards. The revised Ji method separately, Ji, Ji Yan to

42、Method, as a negative list, emphasizing the heteronomy, focusing on vertical gauge. Is this one high and one low, a positive reaction, the strict party discipline and practice results transformation for the integration of the whole party to observe moral and discipline requirements, for the majority

43、 of Party members and cadres provides benchmarking and ruler. Third, insist on to. In view of the problems existing in the party at the present stage, the main problems of Party members and cadres in the aspect of self-discipline and abide by the discipline to make clearly defined, especially the pa

44、rtys eighteen years strict political discipline and political rules, organization and discipline and to implement the central eight provisions of the spirit against the four winds and other requirements into Disciplinary provisions. Not one pace reachs the designated position, focusing on in line wi

45、th reality, pragmatic and effective. After the revision of major changes, major changes in the and modified and needs to grasp several key problems (a) adhere to according to regulations governing the party and party with morals in combination, for at the present stage, the leadership of the party m

46、embers and cadres and Party members in existing main problems of self-discipline, put forward principles, requirements and specifications, showing Communists noble moral pursuit, reflected at all times and in all over the world ethics from high from low 5 common requirements. One is closely linked t

47、o the self-discipline, removal and no direct relation to the provisions of . the second is adhere to a positive advocate, eight prohibition 52 are not allowed to about the content of the negative list moved into synchronization amendment . Three is for all the party members, will apply object from t

48、he leadership of the party members and cadres to expand to all Party members, fully embodies the comprehensive strictly required. The fourth is prominent key minority, seize the leadership of the party members and cadres is the key, and put forward higher requirements than the ordinary Party members

49、. Five is to simplify, and strive to achieve concise, easy to understand, easy to remember. The revised is the ruling Party since the first insists on a positive advocate forAll Party members and the self-discipline norms, moral declaration issued to all members of the party and the National Peoples

50、 solemn commitment. criterion of a clean and honest administration consists of 4 parts, 18, more than 3600 words. After the revision of the , a total of eight, 281 words, including lead, specification and Party member cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms, etc. Part 3 members low-cost clean and

51、 self-discipline, the main contents can be summarized as four must eight code. Lead part, reiterated on ideal and faith, fundamental purpose, the fine traditions and work style, noble sentiments, such as four must the principle of requirements, strong tone of self-discipline, The higher request for

52、6 and supervised tenet, the foothold in permanent Bao the partys advanced nature and purity, to reflect the revised standards requirements. Members of self-discipline norms around the party members how to correctly treat and deal with the public and private, cheap and rot thrifty and extravagance bi

53、tter music, put forward the four norms. Party leader cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms for the leadership of the party members and cadres of the vital few, around the clean politics, from civil servant of the color, the exercise of power, moral integrity, a good family tradition and other a

54、spects of the leadership of the party members and cadres of the four norms to fully adapt to the strictly requirements, reflects the according to the regulations governing the law of recognition of deepening, the realization of the discipline construction and Jin Ju. is party a ruler, members of the

55、 basic line and follow. And the majority of Party members and cadres of Party organizations at all levels should adhere to the bottom line of thinking, fear discipline, hold the bottom line, as a preventive measure, to keep the partys advanced nature and purity. 1, respect for the constitution, refi

56、nement and discipline. Revised from comprehensive comb physical constitution began, the party constitution and other regulations of the Party of Party organizations and Party discipline requirements refinement, clearly defined in violation of the party constitution will be in accordance with regulat

57、ions to give the corresponding disciplinary action. The original 10 categories of misconduct, integration specification for political discipline, discipline, honesty and discipline masses Ji Law and discipline and discipline and other six categories, the content of real return to Party discipline, f

58、or the majority of Party members and listed a negative list. 7 2, highlighting the political discipline and political rules. Regulations according to the stage of the discipline of outstanding performance, emphasizing political discipline and political rules, organization and discipline, in oppositi

59、on to the partys leadership and the partys basic theory, basic line, basic program and basic experience, the basic requirement of behavior made prescribed punishment, increase the cliques, against the organization such as violation of the provisions, to ensure that the central government decrees and

60、 the Party of centralized and unified. 3, adhere to strict discipline in the law and discipline In front, Ji separated. Revised adhere to the problem oriented, do Ji separated. Any national law existing content, will not repeat the provisions, the total removal of 79 and criminal law, repeat the content of the public security management punishment law, and other laws and regulations. In the general reiterated that party organizations and Party members mus