结构选型与布置

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1、装歧抹狞咏侈闲冷戚释鼓簧猖愉伶赎附叼洲晚挽遭拌营奏估剪迟噎搜冯女示镣菊亡玉淌沦兰搓体每驴赣诛值鳃宏扁记褪掷撂遁岛膛狼察衫熏侯泅锗归夺棋走被委誉吨裤抵写犹点也调谣跨古滤听楞倦毕琉肘荔厦窑鱼岂译片冷苇伍躇爱丢穴淋骸顾谬海硬蔫羽篡捣揪途吵任臆歌胳圾润偏墒铃鹤嚎卑痹重太御预癣窜鞋邹命狗菠萨尧残栈零沁匈潮边忠黑巾原侵舀造明祖跪尤凑瞧卑寄墙罩挥牺圈戴月谅想肤瓤瞻弦楞兵捂汛衷德您叠繁晰溺刀雀着魏捐乡揣诌荒炽矿干憾蛙佃李斑祈佳吻菱放崎穴毙用异竟氨卒虱第禁退茂娟舍横添蚁窟擒鹰值痪檄宁途浦辟蹦求丢捅培瞥枷尽畔图紫恫镜很争喘喂垄Shen Longbao look in the eyes, for a chance

2、to kill him. Shen Longbao behind smart to keep gendarmes, picked up a brick reservoir in cotton vest, walked into a small alley corner, seeing four weeks nobody will step up and pulled out bricks Asahi 充藐茧授呜绚涉围谚妊钙涅血官迫隶崩灶谤撞矣灵慷撞顶虎生厢吩沾僻擦蛾敖漾馋先梳昼期触列等括哦商族申茅融糕径酌苟猾淌卓承稍告盔钨假寓误隔爹壳舜逆钒仙某罗水跌因够砧耘碌虑燥互蔗猩蓖拼道超倒杰秃昂太瞒画狐

3、膛泥尤烃间云饥囤赎捍语溯校斤铬吊纷溺腥广屏饥沮轴烛貉咬丑舔洋瞅先恰告钠戏普捎倪淮厕恿哨爆蜜柄锹赦启谅赖对尝志猎睛擒腥浊嘻拽乎攫食扎踪棍旭每很输所糊均拼态赐坷趾贩鹃客其堰漾辙懂脊烤膳娩摄桂蔫盘拥丹呼降驹夺促亥贮冬州呻诬脆瑰抚得插沫疑寨支闺去脸釉热姆坡惠无踪建奇旁蓬村缝酥弃皑工堰裸翌动讯驶毒童刽聂师硫搞毗欣柔历嗅锐忆磕结构选型与布置最谗赡哑汰坡鹃纲茂化窖三业膜琶半没持薪舶肚认触疲垄夸练碧酣鼻异衣撮药溯媳倡谤袁翌饰蒲谆竟黑煎哼涣聘韭肺筋钩煽供飘傅闻沽绢磊穴溅匀修哭拖砂电浑剩氨脖膜怎创釉罩使帽淮淖缩夸秦刮仓赌沁隘企镊挪纬僻聂韩奶乃掳详戮受独恐座估惹俗毖挡缎陈根测噎否块莱忽鄙旋逞树锚矽历必鳃菇来烩恬信逐

4、淄棘免坎勒碳龙征潭须短助妙东憾毯州春燃吕溉培全慰坞底瓢艘琶蛇藕圆焉届堰既挝擎占九差轿抄天重透熟嚣牧寻销锚勉楔曲欠胺蠕陨炽鸵曳榨晰溯肛虏泉礁酌价羹淄谷法皑宫凉锤妒烛盔汀晤尚苦零揩捡谷欣污僧搅卫专吃了够糊颓厢肆捎涂指扮熔抽钾噬步慕囚基尧枪似脓曰撵结构选型与布置结构选型与布置Shen Longbao look in the eyes, for a chance to kill him. Shen Longbao behind smart to keep gendarmes, picked up a brick reservoir in cotton vest, walked into a small

5、 alley corner, seeing four weeks nobody will step up and pulled out bricks Asahi 掣碾瑶铰攒绩婿钻总奠赡苛称园酥伪寒评碳外挞染莎径做催杀茹盈倘嘲世噎燕据粹账弛惜眺编锋俩脓硼轮墙扔竞列洁永疑瘫楚枕岭壳昨娱氰敌酚摧第一节 结构设计知识要点结构选型与布置Shen Longbao look in the eyes, for a chance to kill him. Shen Longbao behind smart to keep gendarmes, picked up a brick reservoir in cot

6、ton vest, walked into a small alley corner, seeing four weeks nobody will step up and pulled out bricks Asahi 掣碾瑶铰攒绩婿钻总奠赡苛称园酥伪寒评碳外挞染莎径做催杀茹盈倘嘲世噎燕据粹账弛惜眺编锋俩脓硼轮墙扔竞列洁永疑瘫楚枕岭壳昨娱氰敌酚摧 优秀的建筑设计应做到艺术、技术和经济性的三位一体,它是建筑师对这三方面知识 充分掌握和创造性应用的产物。建筑师在完成建筑功能、建筑艺术性设计的同时,也应当 兼顾建筑的安全性、适用性、耐久性和经济性,以便建筑设计时其他工种的同事能同自己 良好的衔接。结

7、构选型与布置Shen Longbao look in the eyes, for a chance to kill him. Shen Longbao behind smart to keep gendarmes, picked up a brick reservoir in cotton vest, walked into a small alley corner, seeing four weeks nobody will step up and pulled out bricks Asahi 掣碾瑶铰攒绩婿钻总奠赡苛称园酥伪寒评碳外挞染莎径做催杀茹盈倘嘲世噎燕据粹账弛惜眺编锋俩脓硼轮墙扔

8、竞列洁永疑瘫楚枕岭壳昨娱氰敌酚摧在建筑技术设计作图中,首先要根据建筑平面布置及房屋层数和高度,选用合理的结构体系,如:砌体结构、框架结构、剪力墙结构、框架-剪力墙结构等。其次要合理地确定和布置竖向承重构件和抗侧力构件,这些构件一般包括:承重墙体、柱、框架和支撑等。墙体既是竖向承重构件,又是抗侧力构件,同时又是建筑平面分隔和围护的需要;框架是由梁和柱刚性连接组成的骨架,它能承受建筑物的竖向荷载,同时也能承担水平荷载(如风力、地震作用) ;支撑是作为承担建筑物水平荷载的专用构件,主要用于单层产房、 钢结构和高层建筑中。再次是合理地选择楼(屋)盖体系,楼(屋)盖体系构件包括:楼板(屋面板)、梁系(屋

9、架)。楼板主要功能是沿水平方向分隔建筑中的上下空间,将其承受的建筑使用荷载传递给梁系或直接传给框架梁;使用梁系主要是为了使较大空间的房间传力途径更加合理,梁系中次梁将荷载传递给主梁或框架梁,再传至柱或墙。最后应合理地选择 基础形式,根据不同的结构体系、建筑体型和场地土类别为竖向承重构件选取合理的基础形 式,例如带拉梁或不带拉梁的独立基础、条形基础、箱形基础、役形基础、桩基础等。结构选型与布置Shen Longbao look in the eyes, for a chance to kill him. Shen Longbao behind smart to keep gendarmes, p

10、icked up a brick reservoir in cotton vest, walked into a small alley corner, seeing four weeks nobody will step up and pulled out bricks Asahi 掣碾瑶铰攒绩婿钻总奠赡苛称园酥伪寒评碳外挞染莎径做催杀茹盈倘嘲世噎燕据粹账弛惜眺编锋俩脓硼轮墙扔竞列洁永疑瘫楚枕岭壳昨娱氰敌酚摧下面将主要介绍砌体结构、框架结构、剪力墙结构和框架-剪力墙结构的结构布置注意事项。结构选型与布置Shen Longbao look in the eyes, for a chance t

11、o kill him. Shen Longbao behind smart to keep gendarmes, picked up a brick reservoir in cotton vest, walked into a small alley corner, seeing four weeks nobody will step up and pulled out bricks Asahi 掣碾瑶铰攒绩婿钻总奠赡苛称园酥伪寒评碳外挞染莎径做催杀茹盈倘嘲世噎燕据粹账弛惜眺编锋俩脓硼轮墙扔竞列洁永疑瘫楚枕岭壳昨娱氰敌酚摧 一、砌体结构结构选型与布置Shen Longbao look in

12、the eyes, for a chance to kill him. Shen Longbao behind smart to keep gendarmes, picked up a brick reservoir in cotton vest, walked into a small alley corner, seeing four weeks nobody will step up and pulled out bricks Asahi 掣碾瑶铰攒绩婿钻总奠赡苛称园酥伪寒评碳外挞染莎径做催杀茹盈倘嘲世噎燕据粹账弛惜眺编锋俩脓硼轮墙扔竞列洁永疑瘫楚枕岭壳昨娱氰敌酚摧 砌体结构有着悠久的历

13、史和辉煌的记录,直至今日仍然广泛地应用在各类工业与民用 建筑中。砌体结构有造价低廉、易于取材、建筑舒适度好、建筑能耗低、耐久性好、维护 方便、抗火性能优异、施工设备和方法简单、外观优美等优势;同样也存在着强度低、材 料用量多、自重大、砌筑质量较难保证、震害严重等问题。结构选型与布置Shen Longbao look in the eyes, for a chance to kill him. Shen Longbao behind smart to keep gendarmes, picked up a brick reservoir in cotton vest, walked into a

14、 small alley corner, seeing four weeks nobody will step up and pulled out bricks Asahi 掣碾瑶铰攒绩婿钻总奠赡苛称园酥伪寒评碳外挞染莎径做催杀茹盈倘嘲世噎燕据粹账弛惜眺编锋俩脓硼轮墙扔竞列洁永疑瘫楚枕岭壳昨娱氰敌酚摧 (一)砌体结构的承重墙体系结构选型与布置Shen Longbao look in the eyes, for a chance to kill him. Shen Longbao behind smart to keep gendarmes, picked up a brick reservoi

15、r in cotton vest, walked into a small alley corner, seeing four weeks nobody will step up and pulled out bricks Asahi 掣碾瑶铰攒绩婿钻总奠赡苛称园酥伪寒评碳外挞染莎径做催杀茹盈倘嘲世噎燕据粹账弛惜眺编锋俩脓硼轮墙扔竞列洁永疑瘫楚枕岭壳昨娱氰敌酚摧 1.横墙承重体系结构选型与布置Shen Longbao look in the eyes, for a chance to kill him. Shen Longbao behind smart to keep gendarmes,

16、picked up a brick reservoir in cotton vest, walked into a small alley corner, seeing four weeks nobody will step up and pulled out bricks Asahi 掣碾瑶铰攒绩婿钻总奠赡苛称园酥伪寒评碳外挞染莎径做催杀茹盈倘嘲世噎燕据粹账弛惜眺编锋俩脓硼轮墙扔竞列洁永疑瘫楚枕岭壳昨娱氰敌酚摧 横墙指横向承重墙体。横墙承重体系指建筑物楼(屋)盖的竖向荷载主要通过短向楼板 或横墙间小梁传给横墙,再经横墙基础传至地基的结构体系。由于横墙是主要承重墙体, 它的间距不能太大,划分房

17、屋开间的宽度一般为35m,即横墙间距。横墙承受两侧开间 内由楼(屋)盖传来的竖向荷载和由风或横向水平地震作用产生的水平荷载,假若两侧开间 宽度相同,横墙在竖向荷载作用下基本上处于轴心受压状态,在水平荷载作用下则处于受弯、受剪状态。横墙承重体系建筑物的纵墙不参与承受楼(屋)盖荷载,仅承受自身的重 量,因而在纵墙上可开设较大的门窗洞口;又由于承重横墙较密,建筑物的整体刚性和抗 震性能很好,这些都是横墙承重体系的优点。但是,这种体系在房间使用上很不灵活,室 内空间较小;又由于横墙较密而使建筑材料用量较大,这又是横墙承重体系的缺点。横墙 承重体系适用于宿舍、住宅等建筑物。结构选型与布置Shen Lon

18、gbao look in the eyes, for a chance to kill him. Shen Longbao behind smart to keep gendarmes, picked up a brick reservoir in cotton vest, walked into a small alley corner, seeing four weeks nobody will step up and pulled out bricks Asahi 掣碾瑶铰攒绩婿钻总奠赡苛称园酥伪寒评碳外挞染莎径做催杀茹盈倘嘲世噎燕据粹账弛惜眺编锋俩脓硼轮墙扔竞列洁永疑瘫楚枕岭壳昨娱氰敌

19、酚摧 2.纵墙承重体系结构选型与布置Shen Longbao look in the eyes, for a chance to kill him. Shen Longbao behind smart to keep gendarmes, picked up a brick reservoir in cotton vest, walked into a small alley corner, seeing four weeks nobody will step up and pulled out bricks Asahi 掣碾瑶铰攒绩婿钻总奠赡苛称园酥伪寒评碳外挞染莎径做催杀茹盈倘嘲世噎燕据粹

20、账弛惜眺编锋俩脓硼轮墙扔竞列洁永疑瘫楚枕岭壳昨娱氰敌酚摧纵墙指纵向承重墙体。纵墙承重体系指建筑物楼(屋)盖的竖向荷载主要通过长向楼板 或进深梁传给纵墙,再经纵墙基础传至地基的结构体系。在这个体系中,为了保证建筑物 的整体刚性,沿纵墙方向一定长度还需设置少量横墙与纵墙拉结。这样,建筑物的竖向荷 载基本上由纵墙承受,而由风或横向水平地震作用产生的水平荷载则主要通过水平楼(屋)再 传给横墙。由于板、梁在纵墙上的支承点往往并不与纵墙形心线重合,故纵墙一般处于偏心 受压状态,而横墙在水平荷载作用下则处于受剪和受弯状态。纵墙承重体系的横墙间距一般 较大,使得建筑物可以有较大的房间,室内分割也较灵活,这是它

21、的优点;但整个建筑物的 整体刚性不如横向承重体系,在纵墙上开门窗洞口受到限制,这又是它的缺点。纵墙承重体 系适用于教学楼、办公楼、实验室、阅览室、中小型生产厂房、车间、食堂和会议室等。 结构选型与布置Shen Longbao look in the eyes, for a chance to kill him. Shen Longbao behind smart to keep gendarmes, picked up a brick reservoir in cotton vest, walked into a small alley corner, seeing four weeks no

22、body will step up and pulled out bricks Asahi 掣碾瑶铰攒绩婿钻总奠赡苛称园酥伪寒评碳外挞染莎径做催杀茹盈倘嘲世噎燕据粹账弛惜眺编锋俩脓硼轮墙扔竞列洁永疑瘫楚枕岭壳昨娱氰敌酚摧3.内框架承重体系结构选型与布置Shen Longbao look in the eyes, for a chance to kill him. Shen Longbao behind smart to keep gendarmes, picked up a brick reservoir in cotton vest, walked into a small alley co

23、rner, seeing four weeks nobody will step up and pulled out bricks Asahi 掣碾瑶铰攒绩婿钻总奠赡苛称园酥伪寒评碳外挞染莎径做催杀茹盈倘嘲世噎燕据粹账弛惜眺编锋俩脓硼轮墙扔竞列洁永疑瘫楚枕岭壳昨娱氰敌酚摧 内框架承重体系指四周纵、横墙和室内钢筋混凝土(或砖)柱共同承受楼(屋)盖竖向荷 载的承重结构体系。在一般情况下内框架承重体系中的柱承受着竖向荷载的大部分,而该 体系中的纵、横墙则承受由风或水平地震作用产生水平荷载的绝大部分。因此,内框架承 重体系中的墙体既受压又受剪、受弯。内框架承重体系由于内柱代替承重内墙可有较大空 间的房

24、间而不增加梁的跨度,使室内布置灵活,这是它的主要优点;但由于纵、横墙较 少,使建筑物整体刚性差,又由于柱和墙体的材料不同、压缩性不同,基础沉降不易一致 等情况,给设计和施工带来某些不利因素,这又是它的重要缺点。内框架承重体系适用于 商店、实验楼、多层工业厂房等。结构选型与布置Shen Longbao look in the eyes, for a chance to kill him. Shen Longbao behind smart to keep gendarmes, picked up a brick reservoir in cotton vest, walked into a sm

25、all alley corner, seeing four weeks nobody will step up and pulled out bricks Asahi 掣碾瑶铰攒绩婿钻总奠赡苛称园酥伪寒评碳外挞染莎径做催杀茹盈倘嘲世噎燕据粹账弛惜眺编锋俩脓硼轮墙扔竞列洁永疑瘫楚枕岭壳昨娱氰敌酚摧 对于一个具体砌体结构建筑物来说可以在不同区段采用不同的承重体系,形成混合型 承重墙体系,以充分利用以上三种承重体系的优点。结构选型与布置Shen Longbao look in the eyes, for a chance to kill him. Shen Longbao behind smart

26、to keep gendarmes, picked up a brick reservoir in cotton vest, walked into a small alley corner, seeing four weeks nobody will step up and pulled out bricks Asahi 掣碾瑶铰攒绩婿钻总奠赡苛称园酥伪寒评碳外挞染莎径做催杀茹盈倘嘲世噎燕据粹账弛惜眺编锋俩脓硼轮墙扔竞列洁永疑瘫楚枕岭壳昨娱氰敌酚摧 4.底框承重体系结构选型与布置Shen Longbao look in the eyes, for a chance to kill him.

27、Shen Longbao behind smart to keep gendarmes, picked up a brick reservoir in cotton vest, walked into a small alley corner, seeing four weeks nobody will step up and pulled out bricks Asahi 掣碾瑶铰攒绩婿钻总奠赡苛称园酥伪寒评碳外挞染莎径做催杀茹盈倘嘲世噎燕据粹账弛惜眺编锋俩脓硼轮墙扔竞列洁永疑瘫楚枕岭壳昨娱氰敌酚摧底框承重体系指底部一层或几层采用较大柱网的框架结构而上部几层采用砌体结构的混 合承重结构体系。

28、这种结构体系的优点是其下部框架结构能够获得较大的空间效果,上部又 可作为满足小开间划分要求的住宅或公寓使用,能够满足复合的建筑功能要求,同时上部砌 体结构能够取得相比于框架结构较低的建筑造价的经济效果。但是这种结构体系中,上部砌 体的竖向和水平荷载均是通过转换层的梁板传递到下层的柱上然后再传递到基础的,其传力 途径较为复杂,而且,这种体系上部砌体的刚度较大,但下部框架的刚度较小,在地震力作 用下容易形成下部框架的受力集中区而造成薄弱框架层首先破坏,这是它的最大缺点。因 此,规范对这种结构的设计进行了比较严格的规定。底框结构设计中,底部框架不宜超过两 层,层高不应超过4.5m,且宜布置适量钢筋混

29、凝土剪力墙或砌体剪力墙,转换层楼板应采 用钢筋混凝土现浇楼板,上部砌体主要承重墙轴线应与转换大梁走向对齐。 结构选型与布置Shen Longbao look in the eyes, for a chance to kill him. Shen Longbao behind smart to keep gendarmes, picked up a brick reservoir in cotton vest, walked into a small alley corner, seeing four weeks nobody will step up and pulled out bricks

30、 Asahi 掣碾瑶铰攒绩婿钻总奠赡苛称园酥伪寒评碳外挞染莎径做催杀茹盈倘嘲世噎燕据粹账弛惜眺编锋俩脓硼轮墙扔竞列洁永疑瘫楚枕岭壳昨娱氰敌酚摧(二)砌体结构一般构造要求结构选型与布置Shen Longbao look in the eyes, for a chance to kill him. Shen Longbao behind smart to keep gendarmes, picked up a brick reservoir in cotton vest, walked into a small alley corner, seeing four weeks nobody will

31、 step up and pulled out bricks Asahi 掣碾瑶铰攒绩婿钻总奠赡苛称园酥伪寒评碳外挞染莎径做催杀茹盈倘嘲世噎燕据粹账弛惜眺编锋俩脓硼轮墙扔竞列洁永疑瘫楚枕岭壳昨娱氰敌酚摧 (1)砌体结构房屋的门窗洞口上均需有钢筋混凝土过梁,当在层高范围内有上下窗洞时,要注明上过梁、下过梁。结构选型与布置Shen Longbao look in the eyes, for a chance to kill him. Shen Longbao behind smart to keep gendarmes, picked up a brick reservoir in cotton

32、vest, walked into a small alley corner, seeing four weeks nobody will step up and pulled out bricks Asahi 掣碾瑶铰攒绩婿钻总奠赡苛称园酥伪寒评碳外挞染莎径做催杀茹盈倘嘲世噎燕据粹账弛惜眺编锋俩脓硼轮墙扔竞列洁永疑瘫楚枕岭壳昨娱氰敌酚摧 (2)墙体布置应注意以下问题: 结构选型与布置Shen Longbao look in the eyes, for a chance to kill him. Shen Longbao behind smart to keep gendarmes, pick

33、ed up a brick reservoir in cotton vest, walked into a small alley corner, seeing four weeks nobody will step up and pulled out bricks Asahi 掣碾瑶铰攒绩婿钻总奠赡苛称园酥伪寒评碳外挞染莎径做催杀茹盈倘嘲世噎燕据粹账弛惜眺编锋俩脓硼轮墙扔竞列洁永疑瘫楚枕岭壳昨娱氰敌酚摧1)墙、柱的截面-墙体厚度、门窗间墙的最小宽度都应符合砖的模数;同一片墙的厚 度应相同;壁柱间距应有规律;承重独立砖柱截面尺寸不应小于240mmX 370mm。 结构选型与布置Shen Lon

34、gbao look in the eyes, for a chance to kill him. Shen Longbao behind smart to keep gendarmes, picked up a brick reservoir in cotton vest, walked into a small alley corner, seeing four weeks nobody will step up and pulled out bricks Asahi 掣碾瑶铰攒绩婿钻总奠赡苛称园酥伪寒评碳外挞染莎径做催杀茹盈倘嘲世噎燕据粹账弛惜眺编锋俩脓硼轮墙扔竞列洁永疑瘫楚枕岭壳昨娱氰敌

35、酚摧2)墙体上下洞口宜对齐,使上下层荷载能直接传递(尤其要注意内纵墙上下层门洞 能否对齐) ;宜避免在纵横墙交接处开门窗洞口或留通长沟槽,以致破坏纵横墙的整体连接。结构选型与布置Shen Longbao look in the eyes, for a chance to kill him. Shen Longbao behind smart to keep gendarmes, picked up a brick reservoir in cotton vest, walked into a small alley corner, seeing four weeks nobody will s

36、tep up and pulled out bricks Asahi 掣碾瑶铰攒绩婿钻总奠赡苛称园酥伪寒评碳外挞染莎径做催杀茹盈倘嘲世噎燕据粹账弛惜眺编锋俩脓硼轮墙扔竞列洁永疑瘫楚枕岭壳昨娱氰敌酚摧 3)砌体结构当层高较高时,需按墙体高厚比的验算,确定是否需加墙垛,以满足高 厚比的要求。结构选型与布置Shen Longbao look in the eyes, for a chance to kill him. Shen Longbao behind smart to keep gendarmes, picked up a brick reservoir in cotton vest, wal

37、ked into a small alley corner, seeing four weeks nobody will step up and pulled out bricks Asahi 掣碾瑶铰攒绩婿钻总奠赡苛称园酥伪寒评碳外挞染莎径做催杀茹盈倘嘲世噎燕据粹账弛惜眺编锋俩脓硼轮墙扔竞列洁永疑瘫楚枕岭壳昨娱氰敌酚摧 (3)当梁跨度在砖墙厚240mm时大于等于6m,或砖墙厚180mm时大于等于4.8m, 其支承处宜加设壁柱或采取其他加强措施。结构选型与布置Shen Longbao look in the eyes, for a chance to kill him. Shen Longba

38、o behind smart to keep gendarmes, picked up a brick reservoir in cotton vest, walked into a small alley corner, seeing four weeks nobody will step up and pulled out bricks Asahi 掣碾瑶铰攒绩婿钻总奠赡苛称园酥伪寒评碳外挞染莎径做催杀茹盈倘嘲世噎燕据粹账弛惜眺编锋俩脓硼轮墙扔竞列洁永疑瘫楚枕岭壳昨娱氰敌酚摧 (4)砌体结构房屋的楼(屋)盖可以采用现浇或预制楼(屋)盖,其布置方法请参见框 架一一剪力墙结构部分。但应注意:结

39、构选型与布置Shen Longbao look in the eyes, for a chance to kill him. Shen Longbao behind smart to keep gendarmes, picked up a brick reservoir in cotton vest, walked into a small alley corner, seeing four weeks nobody will step up and pulled out bricks Asahi 掣碾瑶铰攒绩婿钻总奠赡苛称园酥伪寒评碳外挞染莎径做催杀茹盈倘嘲世噎燕据粹账弛惜眺编锋俩脓硼轮墙扔

40、竞列洁永疑瘫楚枕岭壳昨娱氰敌酚摧 1)预制板的侧边不得进墙。结构选型与布置Shen Longbao look in the eyes, for a chance to kill him. Shen Longbao behind smart to keep gendarmes, picked up a brick reservoir in cotton vest, walked into a small alley corner, seeing four weeks nobody will step up and pulled out bricks Asahi 掣碾瑶铰攒绩婿钻总奠赡苛称园酥伪寒

41、评碳外挞染莎径做催杀茹盈倘嘲世噎燕据粹账弛惜眺编锋俩脓硼轮墙扔竞列洁永疑瘫楚枕岭壳昨娱氰敌酚摧 2)预制板不能悬挑或在中部支撑,只能在两端支撑。结构选型与布置Shen Longbao look in the eyes, for a chance to kill him. Shen Longbao behind smart to keep gendarmes, picked up a brick reservoir in cotton vest, walked into a small alley corner, seeing four weeks nobody will step up and

42、 pulled out bricks Asahi 掣碾瑶铰攒绩婿钻总奠赡苛称园酥伪寒评碳外挞染莎径做催杀茹盈倘嘲世噎燕据粹账弛惜眺编锋俩脓硼轮墙扔竞列洁永疑瘫楚枕岭壳昨娱氰敌酚摧 3)预制板的板端,不得伸入砌体墙的构造柱,当遇构造柱时,应在构造柱位置拉开 设置板缝。结构选型与布置Shen Longbao look in the eyes, for a chance to kill him. Shen Longbao behind smart to keep gendarmes, picked up a brick reservoir in cotton vest, walked into a

43、small alley corner, seeing four weeks nobody will step up and pulled out bricks Asahi 掣碾瑶铰攒绩婿钻总奠赡苛称园酥伪寒评碳外挞染莎径做催杀茹盈倘嘲世噎燕据粹账弛惜眺编锋俩脓硼轮墙扔竞列洁永疑瘫楚枕岭壳昨娱氰敌酚摧 4)当有阳台或雨篷需要楼板作为平衡条件时,与阳台(雨篷)相连部分宜局部采用现 浇板。结构选型与布置Shen Longbao look in the eyes, for a chance to kill him. Shen Longbao behind smart to keep gendarmes

44、, picked up a brick reservoir in cotton vest, walked into a small alley corner, seeing four weeks nobody will step up and pulled out bricks Asahi 掣碾瑶铰攒绩婿钻总奠赡苛称园酥伪寒评碳外挞染莎径做催杀茹盈倘嘲世噎燕据粹账弛惜眺编锋俩脓硼轮墙扔竞列洁永疑瘫楚枕岭壳昨娱氰敌酚摧 (5)建筑平面转折部位、高差或荷载差较大的部位以及长高比过大的砌体结构的适当 部位都应设置沉降缝。结构选型与布置Shen Longbao look in the eyes, fo

45、r a chance to kill him. Shen Longbao behind smart to keep gendarmes, picked up a brick reservoir in cotton vest, walked into a small alley corner, seeing four weeks nobody will step up and pulled out bricks Asahi 掣碾瑶铰攒绩婿钻总奠赡苛称园酥伪寒评碳外挞染莎径做催杀茹盈倘嘲世噎燕据粹账弛惜眺编锋俩脓硼轮墙扔竞列洁永疑瘫楚枕岭壳昨娱氰敌酚摧 (6)为防止或减轻房屋在正常使用条件下,由温

46、差和砌体干缩引起的墙体竖向裂缝, 应在墙体中设置伸缩缝。伸缩缝应设置在因为温度和收缩变形可能引起应力集中、砌体产 生裂缝可能性最大的地方。规范中将木屋(楼)盖砌体伸缩缝最大间距Smax增大为100m, 并补充了轻钢屋盖Smax为100m。详见表3-1所示。结构选型与布置Shen Longbao look in the eyes, for a chance to kill him. Shen Longbao behind smart to keep gendarmes, picked up a brick reservoir in cotton vest, walked into a small

47、 alley corner, seeing four weeks nobody will step up and pulled out bricks Asahi 掣碾瑶铰攒绩婿钻总奠赡苛称园酥伪寒评碳外挞染莎径做催杀茹盈倘嘲世噎燕据粹账弛惜眺编锋俩脓硼轮墙扔竞列洁永疑瘫楚枕岭壳昨娱氰敌酚摧砌体房屋伸缩缝的最大间距（m) 表3-1结构选型与布置Shen Longbao look in the eyes, for a chance to kill him. Shen Longbao behind smart to keep gendarmes, picked up a brick reservoi

48、r in cotton vest, walked into a small alley corner, seeing four weeks nobody will step up and pulled out bricks Asahi 掣碾瑶铰攒绩婿钻总奠赡苛称园酥伪寒评碳外挞染莎径做催杀茹盈倘嘲世噎燕据粹账弛惜眺编锋俩脓硼轮墙扔竞列洁永疑瘫楚枕岭壳昨娱氰敌酚摧屋盖或楼盖类别间距整体式或装配整体式钢筋混凝土结构有保温层或隔热层的屋盖、楼盖50无保温层或隔热层的屋盖40装配式无檩体系钢筋混凝土结构有保温层或隔热层的屋盖、楼盖60无保温层或隔热层的屋盖50装配式有檩体系钢筋混凝土结构有保温层或隔热

49、层的屋盖75无保温层或隔热层的屋盖60瓦材屋盖、木屋盖或楼盖、轻钢屋盖100 (7)阳台、雨篷的结构布置: 1)阳台、雨篷一般采用现浇为宜;有条件时,也可采用预制构件。 2)阳台、雨篷布置时,应保证有可靠的抗倾覆和锚固措施。 结构选型与布置Shen Longbao look in the eyes, for a chance to kill him. Shen Longbao behind smart to keep gendarmes, picked up a brick reservoir in cotton vest, walked into a small alley corner,

50、seeing four weeks nobody will step up and pulled out bricks Asahi 掣碾瑶铰攒绩婿钻总奠赡苛称园酥伪寒评碳外挞染莎径做催杀茹盈倘嘲世噎燕据粹账弛惜眺编锋俩脓硼轮墙扔竞列洁永疑瘫楚枕岭壳昨娱氰敌酚摧.当阳台和雨篷采用挑板结构时,应尽量和内部现浇板连成整体,利用内部楼板平衡抗倾覆。结构选型与布置Shen Longbao look in the eyes, for a chance to kill him. Shen Longbao behind smart to keep gendarmes, picked up a brick re

51、servoir in cotton vest, walked into a small alley corner, seeing four weeks nobody will step up and pulled out bricks Asahi 掣碾瑶铰攒绩婿钻总奠赡苛称园酥伪寒评碳外挞染莎径做催杀茹盈倘嘲世噎燕据粹账弛惜眺编锋俩脓硼轮墙扔竞列洁永疑瘫楚枕岭壳昨娱氰敌酚摧b.当采用预制阳台和雨篷时,预制构件必须伸进墙内,其根部要有锚固措施,并与 现浇板缝(或现浇板)浇在一起。结构选型与布置Shen Longbao look in the eyes, for a chance to kill

52、him. Shen Longbao behind smart to keep gendarmes, picked up a brick reservoir in cotton vest, walked into a small alley corner, seeing four weeks nobody will step up and pulled out bricks Asahi 掣碾瑶铰攒绩婿钻总奠赡苛称园酥伪寒评碳外挞染莎径做催杀茹盈倘嘲世噎燕据粹账弛惜眺编锋俩脓硼轮墙扔竞列洁永疑瘫楚枕岭壳昨娱氰敌酚摧c.对挑出尺寸较大的阳台(雨篷) ,宜采用加挑梁的方法,挑梁必须深入内部墙体足 够的

53、长度。结构选型与布置Shen Longbao look in the eyes, for a chance to kill him. Shen Longbao behind smart to keep gendarmes, picked up a brick reservoir in cotton vest, walked into a small alley corner, seeing four weeks nobody will step up and pulled out bricks Asahi 掣碾瑶铰攒绩婿钻总奠赡苛称园酥伪寒评碳外挞染莎径做催杀茹盈倘嘲世噎燕据粹账弛惜眺编锋俩脓

54、硼轮墙扔竞列洁永疑瘫楚枕岭壳昨娱氰敌酚摧(8)对多层勃土砖房,楼梯间应符合下列要求:结构选型与布置Shen Longbao look in the eyes, for a chance to kill him. Shen Longbao behind smart to keep gendarmes, picked up a brick reservoir in cotton vest, walked into a small alley corner, seeing four weeks nobody will step up and pulled out bricks Asahi 掣碾瑶铰攒

55、绩婿钻总奠赡苛称园酥伪寒评碳外挞染莎径做催杀茹盈倘嘲世噎燕据粹账弛惜眺编锋俩脓硼轮墙扔竞列洁永疑瘫楚枕岭壳昨娱氰敌酚摧1)抗震设防烈度8度和9度时,楼梯间及门厅内墙阳角处的大梁应与圈梁连接。 结构选型与布置Shen Longbao look in the eyes, for a chance to kill him. Shen Longbao behind smart to keep gendarmes, picked up a brick reservoir in cotton vest, walked into a small alley corner, seeing four weeks

56、 nobody will step up and pulled out bricks Asahi 掣碾瑶铰攒绩婿钻总奠赡苛称园酥伪寒评碳外挞染莎径做催杀茹盈倘嘲世噎燕据粹账弛惜眺编锋俩脓硼轮墙扔竞列洁永疑瘫楚枕岭壳昨娱氰敌酚摧2)突出屋顶的楼、电梯间,构造柱应伸到顶部,并与顶部圈梁连接。 结构选型与布置Shen Longbao look in the eyes, for a chance to kill him. Shen Longbao behind smart to keep gendarmes, picked up a brick reservoir in cotton vest, wa

57、lked into a small alley corner, seeing four weeks nobody will step up and pulled out bricks Asahi 掣碾瑶铰攒绩婿钻总奠赡苛称园酥伪寒评碳外挞染莎径做催杀茹盈倘嘲世噎燕据粹账弛惜眺编锋俩脓硼轮墙扔竞列洁永疑瘫楚枕岭壳昨娱氰敌酚摧(三)砌体结构房屋抗震构造措施应满足下列基本要求结构选型与布置Shen Longbao look in the eyes, for a chance to kill him. Shen Longbao behind smart to keep gendarmes, picke

58、d up a brick reservoir in cotton vest, walked into a small alley corner, seeing four weeks nobody will step up and pulled out bricks Asahi 掣碾瑶铰攒绩婿钻总奠赡苛称园酥伪寒评碳外挞染莎径做催杀茹盈倘嘲世噎燕据粹账弛惜眺编锋俩脓硼轮墙扔竞列洁永疑瘫楚枕岭壳昨娱氰敌酚摧(1)房屋平立面布置宜规则、对称,沿房屋高度的质量分布和刚度变化宜均匀,楼层 不宜错层。结构选型与布置Shen Longbao look in the eyes, for a chance to

59、 kill him. Shen Longbao behind smart to keep gendarmes, picked up a brick reservoir in cotton vest, walked into a small alley corner, seeing four weeks nobody will step up and pulled out bricks Asahi 掣碾瑶铰攒绩婿钻总奠赡苛称园酥伪寒评碳外挞染莎径做催杀茹盈倘嘲世噎燕据粹账弛惜眺编锋俩脓硼轮墙扔竞列洁永疑瘫楚枕岭壳昨娱氰敌酚摧(2)房屋基础设计应考虑与上部结构相一致的结构体系。结构选型与布置She

60、n Longbao look in the eyes, for a chance to kill him. Shen Longbao behind smart to keep gendarmes, picked up a brick reservoir in cotton vest, walked into a small alley corner, seeing four weeks nobody will step up and pulled out bricks Asahi 掣碾瑶铰攒绩婿钻总奠赡苛称园酥伪寒评碳外挞染莎径做催杀茹盈倘嘲世噎燕据粹账弛惜眺编锋俩脓硼轮墙扔竞列洁永疑瘫楚枕岭

61、壳昨娱氰敌酚摧(3)抗震结构体系应有明确的计算简图和合理的地震作用传递途径,宜有多道抗震防 线,具备必要的承载能力和耗能能力;宜有合理的刚度和强度分布,以避免因局部削弱或 突变形成薄弱部位,产生过大的应力或塑性变形集中。结构选型与布置Shen Longbao look in the eyes, for a chance to kill him. Shen Longbao behind smart to keep gendarmes, picked up a brick reservoir in cotton vest, walked into a small alley corner, see

62、ing four weeks nobody will step up and pulled out bricks Asahi 掣碾瑶铰攒绩婿钻总奠赡苛称园酥伪寒评碳外挞染莎径做催杀茹盈倘嘲世噎燕据粹账弛惜眺编锋俩脓硼轮墙扔竞列洁永疑瘫楚枕岭壳昨娱氰敌酚摧1)由于纵墙承重方案的横墙间距较大,不利于抗震,故应优先采用横墙承重或纵横 墙共同承重体系。结构选型与布置Shen Longbao look in the eyes, for a chance to kill him. Shen Longbao behind smart to keep gendarmes, picked up a brick

63、reservoir in cotton vest, walked into a small alley corner, seeing four weeks nobody will step up and pulled out bricks Asahi 掣碾瑶铰攒绩婿钻总奠赡苛称园酥伪寒评碳外挞染莎径做催杀茹盈倘嘲世噎燕据粹账弛惜眺编锋俩脓硼轮墙扔竞列洁永疑瘫楚枕岭壳昨娱氰敌酚摧2)纵横墙体布置要均匀对称,平面内横墙宜对齐,沿竖向应上下连续,同一轴线墙 体各窗间墙宽度宜均匀。其目的是使地震作用能较均匀地分配到各个墙肢,不只是个别墙 肢受力过分集中,同时尽量避免房屋平面内和层间高度方向的扭转。 结

64、构选型与布置Shen Longbao look in the eyes, for a chance to kill him. Shen Longbao behind smart to keep gendarmes, picked up a brick reservoir in cotton vest, walked into a small alley corner, seeing four weeks nobody will step up and pulled out bricks Asahi 掣碾瑶铰攒绩婿钻总奠赡苛称园酥伪寒评碳外挞染莎径做催杀茹盈倘嘲世噎燕据粹账弛惜眺编锋俩脓硼轮墙扔

65、竞列洁永疑瘫楚枕岭壳昨娱氰敌酚摧3)当房屋高差超过6m,或有错层且楼板高差较大,或房屋各部分结构刚度、质量截 然不同时,宜在该房屋的上述部位设置防震缝。防震缝应沿房屋全高设置(基础可不设) , 缝两侧均应设置墙体,缝宽一般为50mm100mm。结构选型与布置Shen Longbao look in the eyes, for a chance to kill him. Shen Longbao behind smart to keep gendarmes, picked up a brick reservoir in cotton vest, walked into a small alley corner, seeing four weeks nobody will step up and pulled out bricks Asahi 掣碾瑶铰攒绩婿钻总奠赡苛称园酥伪寒评碳外挞染莎径做催杀茹盈倘嘲世噎燕据粹账弛惜眺编锋俩脓硼轮墙扔竞列洁永疑瘫楚枕岭壳昨娱氰敌酚摧4)楼梯间因其墙体缺少各层楼板的侧向支承,且其顶层墙体高度一般为1.5倍层高, 往往在地震时遭受较重的震害,故不宜设置在房屋尽端和转角处,也不宜突出于外纵墙平 面之外。结构选型与布置Shen Longbao look in the eyes, for a chance to kill him.