聚焦新中考英语大一轮复习讲义 第37课 定语从句 课件

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1、第37课 定语从句 要点梳理 中考对定语从句的考查主要集中在定语从句的功能、结构和关系词的用法上，重点是由that, which, who引导的定语从句。 .定语从句的概念 在复合句中作定语，修饰主句中的名词或代词的从句中作定语从句，被修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导。当关系代词作定语从句的主语时，其后的谓语动词的人称和数取决于先行词的人称和数。 定语从句一般位于先行词的后面，定语从句关系代词who或关系副词等引导，关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中担任一个成分。关系代词关系代词例句例句that在从句中作在从句中作主语或宾语主语或宾语指物指物(1)A plane is

2、a machine that can fly.(作主语作主语)(2)The noodles(that) I cooked were delicious.(作宾语作宾语)指人指人(1)Who is the man that is reading the book over there？(作主语作主语)(2)The girl(that) we saw yesterday was Jims sister.(作宾语作宾语).关系代词引导的定语从句的具体用法关系代词引导的定语从句的具体用法which 在从在从句中作主语句中作主语或宾语或宾语指物指物(1)They planted trees which

3、didnt need much water.(作主语作主语)(2)The fish(which) we ate yesterday was cooked by Jims sister.(作宾语作宾语)who在从句在从句中作主语或中作主语或宾语，宾语，whom在从在从句中作宾语句中作宾语指人指人(1)The boy who broke the window is called Tom.(作主语作主语)(2)The foreigner(who) you talked to yesterday is from Canada.(作主语作主语)(3)The person (whom) you just

4、talked to is Mr Li.(作宾语作宾语)(4)Mrs Read is the person to whom you should write.(作宾语作宾语) 1who指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作主语时，不能省略，作宾语时可省略。 如：Were looking for a thief who liked stealing parrots and necklaces. 我们正在找一个喜欢偷鹦鹉和项链的贼。 Is that the man(who) you are looking for？ 这个人是你正在找的吗？ 2whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，可以省略。 如：Do you

5、 know the woman(whom) we met at the gate？ 你认识我们在门口碰到的女人吗？ 3whose(所有格)，指人，在定语从句中作定语。 如：What is the name of the boy whose father is a railway worker？ 爸爸在火车站工作的那个男孩叫什么名字？ 4which指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可以省略。 如：The book(which) Miss Zhao gave us last week is called The Great Escape. 上周赵女士给我的书叫大逃亡。 5关系代词whom,

6、which在从句中作介词的宾语时，可以跟介词一起放在主句和从句之间，也可以把介词放在从句中有关动词的后面。 如：This is the room in which we lived last year. 这是我们去年住的房间。 This is the room which we lived in last year. 但含有介词的短语动词的各个固定部分不可拆开，介词仍放在动词后面。 如：The babies whom the nurses are looking after are very healthy. 护士们正照顾着的婴儿们很健康。 6that多指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾

7、语。指物时其用法与which大致相同。 如：This is the present that my grandfather gave me for Christmas. 这是我爷爷给我的圣诞礼物。 但当that在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，介词不能放在它的前面，只能放在从句中有关动词的后面，此时that可以省略。 如：The village(that) she lives in is twenty kilometers away. 她住的村庄有20公里远。 7在下列情况下，只能用that引导， 不能用which引导。 (1)当先行词是all, any, few, something, much,

8、 little, the one, anything, everything, nothing等代词或被它们修饰时。 如：Is there anything that I can do for you？ 有我可以帮你做的事吗？ (2)当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。 如：That is one of the most interesting books that are sold in the book store. 这是书店里卖出去的最有趣的书之一。 (3)当先行词有the very, the only, the same等修饰时。 如：My necklace is not the o

9、nly thing that is missing. 我的项链不是唯一丢失的东西。 (4)先行词中既有人又有物时。 如：We were deeply impressed by the teachers and schools that we had visited. 我们被我们所参观的学校及老师们深深感动了。 8在下列情况中，只能用who(whom)引导，而不用that。 (1)当先行词all, any或其合成词和a few指人时。 如：Anyone who breaks the law will be punished. 任何违法的都会受到惩罚。 (2)先行词为that, this, tho

10、se 或these且指人时。 如：Those who hadnt bought the tickets for the train crowded in the waiting hall. 那些还没买着票的人拥挤在候车厅里。 (3)当先行词在定语从句中作宾语或表语时，在口语中用who或whom引导均可，但如直接位于介词后作宾语时，只能用whom。 如：The guest(who/whom) Ill first introduce to you is a little girl. 我首先要介绍给你们的客人是一位小姑娘。 I met a few friends of mine, among who

11、m was my old classmate. 我遇见了几位朋友，其中一位是我的老同学。 .关系副词引导的定语从句的具体用法 1when表示时间，其先行词往往是表示时间的名词(如time, day, hour, year等)。 如：October 1, 1949 was the day when the Peoples Republic of China was founded. 1949年10月1日是中华人民共和国成立的日子。 2where表示地点，其先行词往往是表示地点的名词(如place, room, house, street, area等)。 如：This is the place

12、where my mother was born. 这是我母亲出生的地方。 Is this the room where we were living last winter？ 这就是我们去年冬天住过的房间吗？ 3why表示原因，常用在先行词reason后面。 如：I dont know the reason why she looks unhappy today. 我不知道为什么她今天看上去不愉快。 The reason why he said that is quite clear. 他为什么那样说的理由是十分清楚的。感悟中考 【例1】(2011杭州) Who is the man _ i

13、s reading a book over there? A. that B. which C. whose D. what 解析：考查定语从句。先行词the man指人，关系代词应为 that。故选A。A 【例2】(2011黄岗) Who is your new head teacher this semester? The woman _ is wearing a red skirt. A. whom B. who C. whose D. which 解析：考查定语从句。先行词the woman指人，关系代词 在定语从句中充当主语，故选B。B 【例3】(2011天津) John is th

14、e boy _ legs were badly hurt in the accident. A. whose B. that C. who D. which 解析：考查定语从句。先行词the boy指人，关系代词在定语 从句与legs组成的双脚。故选A。A 【例4】(2011扬州) One of the most interesting places in Yangzhou _ are often visited by foreigners is the West Slender Lake. A. what B. who C. that D/ 解析：考查定语从句。先行词places指物，故选C

15、。C 【例5】(2011黄石) Do you know the kid with _ Bob is talking over there? Yes, its my cousin. A. who B. that C. 不填 D. whom 解析：考查定语从句。先行词the kid指人，关系代词在定语从句 中充当介词with的宾语，故选D。D 【例6】(2011滨州) I hate people _ dont help others when they are in trouble. A . who B. which C. whose D. where 解析：考查定语从句。先行词people指人，

16、关系代词在定语 从句中充当主语。故选A。A 【例7】(2011菏泽) I ll never forget the day _ the great scientist came to our school and gave us a speech. A. that B. which C. when D. where 解析：考查定语从句。句意：我将不会忘记那一天，在这一 天这个伟大的科学家来到了我们的学校并给我们发表了演 讲。先行词the day指时间，关系代词在定语从句中充当时 间状语。故选C。C 【例8】(2010常州) They want to develop a kind of dogfr

17、iendly food _ will help dog owners cool down their pets. A. who B. what C. which D. whether 解析：本题考查定语从句。先行词是“food”，指物，关系代词 用which，故选C。C领悟语法 .单项选择 ( )1. Who is the man _ is reading a book over there？ (2011杭州) A. that B. which C. whose D. what 解析：考查定语从句。句意：那边正在读书的人是谁？ 先行词man指人，从句中缺少主语，用that。whose做 从句的

18、定语。which做引导词时，先行词必须指物。 故选A。A ( )2. I hate those _ dont help others when they are in trouble.(2011河源) A. who B. which C. what D. where 解析：考查定语从句的关系代词。根据上下文语境先行词 those指代人。故选A。A ( )3. Where did you go last week？ I went to Zhang Aipings hometown and visited the house_he was born in. (2011达州) A. that B.

19、there C. who D. whose 解析：考查定语从句。根据上下文语境语意：上个星期你 去哪了？我去了张爱萍的家乡，参观了她出生的地方。 先行词“that”修饰“house”，故选A。A ( )4. I hear that Lilys brother is a worker here. Look, the man _ is working over there is her brother.(2011四川) A. who B. whom C. what D. which 解析：考查定语从句的关系代词。who “代替人”作主语或者 宾语；whom “代替人”作宾语；what不用于宾语从句

20、； which“代替物”作主语或者宾语；先行词为人， 在从句中 作主语。 故选A。A ( )5. Have you read the book _ is about the moon？ (2011清远) A. what B. it C/ D. which 解析：考查定语从句引导词。先行词为the book名词， 用which代替。it 和what不能作定语从句的引导词。 故选D。D ( )6. Tony, tell me the result of the discussion _ you had with your dad yesterday. (2011河南) A . what B. wh

21、ich C. when D. who 解析：考查定语从句。该句的先行词为the discussion，故用 which做关系代词，在从句中做宾语。故选B。B ( )7. I cant forget the time _the earthquake happened in Yushu.(2011湖南) A. when B. which C. where 解析：考查定语从句。the time表时间，故选A。A ( )8. The first thing _ my brother is going to do this afternoon is to write a letter.(2011广东)

22、A. which B. that C. why D. who 解析：考查定语从句that的用法。在定语从句中当先行词是 不定代词all, much, something, everything, anything, nothing, none, the one, thing时，不定代词用that。故选B。B ( )9. Look at the boy and his dog _ are coming this way. A. who B. which C. that D. whom 解析：考查定语从句that的用法。当先行词是由人与物组成 时，关系代词用that。故选C。C ( )10. Is

23、 there anyone here _ name is Betty? Sorry, I dont know.(2011呼和浩特) A. who B. which C. whom D. whose 解析：考查定语从句。先行词anyone 是人，在定语从句中 做name的定语，所以应用关系代词whose。D.根据上下文，填入所需关系代词或介词 I want to tell you about where I live. I love it and its easy to get around. I have everything I need nearby. My house is opposi

24、te the park I spend most of my weekends. Sometimes we go to the cinema is on the other side of the park. There is a great shopping center next to the cinema. thatin whichwhich/that提高题提高题 My mother works in the bank is between the shopping center and the noodle bar. After school, I often sit in the n

25、oodle bar and wait for her to finish work. The people work in the bar are very friendly to me. And when I want to post you a letter, I walk to the post office is on the corner, next to the drug store. Sometimes my mother and I go to the bookstore round the corner from the post office before heading home across the park.that/whichwhothat/which完成考点跟踪训练 37