中考英语 第二部分语法 第5讲 形容词和副词复习课件

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1、第 5 讲 形容词和副词一、写出下列单词的比较级和最高级1tall _ _tallertallest2late _ _latest3angry _ _angrier angriest4big _ _biggest5wet _ _wetterwettest6serious _ _7expensive _ _most expensivelaterbiggermore seriousmost seriousmore expensive8hard _ _hardest9quickly _ _more quicklymost quickly10carefully _ _11good/well _ _be

2、st12bad/ill _ _worseworst13little _ _14many/much _ _15old _ _oldest/eldesthardermost carefullymore carefullybetterlessleastmore mostolder/elder二、用所给单词的适当形式填空1John is _(clever) than Sam.2Who sings _ (well), Rose or Alice?3The man took off his shoes and put them under his bed very_ (quiet)quietly4Ann

3、felt very _ (happy) at her birthday party. 5Which is _ (far) from us, the sun or the moon? 6She looks _ (thin) than me.thinner7It snowed _ (heavy) last night and now the streetsare covered with snow.clevererbetterhappyfartherheavily8Mr.Benson seems to be the _ (busy) man in the office.9Meimei writes

4、 _(carefully) of the three girls.10We dont think their classroom is as _ (clean) as ours.11Li Lei is _ (young) boy in his class.12 I think English is _(interesting) than anyother subject.more interesting13David has _ (many) story books of all the students.14Lucy runs _ (slow) than Lily.15Which do yo

5、u like _ (good), cats, dogs, or chickens?busiestmost carefullycleanthe youngestthe mostmore slowlybest形容词的功能形容词在句中可以作定语、表语和宾语补足语等成分。如：He is a good student.他是一个好学生。(作定语)The old man is very happy.那位老人很开心。(作表语)He makes them angry.他让他们很生气。(作宾语补足语)形容词在句中的位置1大部分形容词通常放在所修饰的名词之前作定语。如：China is a beautiful co

6、untry.中国是一个美丽的国度。2部分形容词跟在 be 动词和连系动词之后作表语。常见的连系动词有：become, turn, get, keep, seem, look, sound, feel,taste, smell。如：It seems good, but its bad.它似乎是好的，其实不好。That sounds good.那听上去不错。Keep quiet.保持安静。注意：有些形容词只能作定语，而不能作表语，如：little小的， only 唯一的， elder 年长的， real 真实的。3形容词可放在部分动词之后，作宾语补足语。常见的跟宾语补足语的动词有：keep, ma

7、ke, find, feel, think 等。如：Please keep the door open.请把门一直开着。Sunny days make me happy.晴朗的日子让我愉快。I think it fun to learn English.我觉得学英语有趣。I found the film moving.我发现这部电影很感人。4表示长、宽、高、深及年龄等的形容词放在其相应的名词之后。如：The bridge is 400 meters long.这座桥 400 米长。5形容词修饰不定代词时，要放在不定代词之后。如：I have something important to do.

8、我有些很重要的事要做。副词种类例词时间和频度副词yesterday, now, tonight, soon, ever, once, always, usually, often, sometimes 等地点副词 here, there, home, out, inside, behind, downstairs, near, everywhere 等程度副词well, very, quite, rather, so, such, much, a lot, a little, too, enough, much too 等方式副词 badly, easily, happily, luckily

9、, carefully, quickly, slowly 等疑问副词 when, where, why, how, how often 等副词的分类副词主要用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或句子，表示时间、地点、方式和程度等概念。按其词汇意义一般分为以下五类：副词的构成1大部分形容词加后缀-ly 构成副词。如：quietquietlybadbadlycarefulcarefullysimplesimplytruetrulybusybusilyhappyhappilyquickquicklyusualusuallystrongstronglyterribleterriblyfullfullyeasye

10、asilyheavyheavily注意：有些以-ly 结尾的词并不是副词，实际上只能作形容词。如：friendly (友好的), lovely (可爱的), lonely (孤独的), likely(很可能的), lively (活泼的), ugly (丑陋的)，等等。2有些形容词与副词同形。如：fast a.快的，迅速的，紧密的 ad.快地，迅速地，紧密地hard a.硬的，困难的，艰难的ad.努力地，使劲，猛烈地early a.早的 ad.早daily a.每日的，日常的 ad.每天注意：有些词虽然既可作形容词也可作副词，但加了-ly 之后意义相差很大。如：hard a.硬的，困难的，艰难

11、的ad.努力地，使劲，猛烈地hardly ad.几乎不late a.迟的，晚的 ad.迟地，晚地lately ad.近来副词在句中的位置1副词常放在行为动词或形容词后面，但表示程度或频率的副词一般放在 be 动词、助动词、情态动词之后，行为动词之前。如：The boy writes carefully.这个男孩写字很认真。Tom is often late for school.汤姆上学经常迟到。2副词 very 可以修饰形容词，但不能直接放在动词前面来修饰动词。如：()I very like history.()I like history very much.我非常喜欢历史。3作副词时 e

12、nough 要放在所修饰的形容词、副词的后面；作形容词时 enough 则放在名词前后均可。如：I ran fast enough so that I could take a No.2 bus.我跑得足够快以便能乘到 2 路公交车。There isnt enough meat for us to eat.没有足够的肉够我们吃。注意：在副词前一般不加介词。构成规则例词一般情况，在单音节或双音节词的词尾直接加-er, -esttalltallertallest greatgreatergreatestnearnearernearestsoonsoonersoonesthardharderhard

13、estfastfasterfastest以不发音 e 结尾的单音 节词，只加-r, -st largelargerlargest nicenicernicestlatelaterlatest形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的构成1规则变化：以重读闭音节结尾，并且以一个元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾的单词，先双写最后这个辅音字母，再加-er，-estbigbiggerbiggesthothotterhottestfatfatterfattest wetwetterwettest thinthinnerthinnest以“辅音字母y”结尾的单词，把 y 改为 i, 再加-er, -est happyhap

14、pierhappiest heavyheavierheaviest easyeasiereasiest earlyearlierearliest大部分双音节词和多音节词，在原级前面加 more, most 来构成比较级和最高级friendlymore friendlymost friendlyrelaxedmore relaxedmost relaxed importantmore importantmost carefullymore carefullymost carefullyimportant构成规则例词以形容词加-ly 构成的 副词，在原形前加more, most 构成比较级和最高级

15、 quicklymore quicklymost quicklyeasilymore easilymost easilyclearlymore clearlymost clearly续表原级比较级最高级good, wellbetterbestbad, ill, badlyworseworstmany, muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther (距离上的更远)farthest (距离上的最远)further (程度上的更深 远)furthest (程度上的最深 远)oldolder (年龄)oldest (年龄)elder (长幼顺序)eldest (长幼顺序

16、)2.不规则变化：形容词和副词的原级、比较级和最高级的用法1原级的用法：(1)“A动词动词(倍数倍数)as形容词形容词/副词原级副词原级asB”，表示“A 和 B 一样”或“A 是 B 的几倍”。如：Tom is twice as old as Kate.汤姆的年龄是凯特的两倍。Jim runs as fast as Mike.吉姆和迈克跑得一样快。(2)“A动词动词notas/so形容词形容词/副词原级副词原级asB”，表示“A 不如 B”。如：This room is not as/so big as that one.这个房间不如那个大。He doesnt walk as slowly

17、as you.他走路不像你那样慢。2比较级的用法：(1)“A动词动词(倍数倍数)比较级比较级thanB”，表示“A 比B”或“A 比 B几倍”。如：This bag is three times bigger than that one.这个袋子比那个大三倍。I got up earlier than my mother today.我今天起床比我妈妈早。(2)“特殊疑问词动词比较级，特殊疑问词动词比较级，A or B？”表示“A 和B，哪个更？”。如：Which is bigger, the earth or the moon?地球和月亮，哪个更大？Who draws better, Jen

18、ny or Danny?谁画得比较好，詹妮还是丹尼？(3)“比较级比较级thanany other单数名词单数名词(介词短语介词短语)”表示“比同一范围的任何一个人/物都”，可表示最高级的含义。如：The Yangtze River is longer than any other river in China. 长江比中国其他任何一条河流都长。The Yangtze River is the longest river in China.长江是中国最长的河流。The pen writes more easily than any other pen.这支钢笔比其他的都好写。The pen w

19、rites the most easily.这支钢笔最好写。(4)“比较级比较级and比较级比较级”表示“越来越”。如：He is getting taller and taller.他长得越来越高了。He walks more and more quickly.他越走越快。(5)“the比较级，比较级，the比较级比较级”表示“越，越”。如：The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes youll make. 你越认真，犯的错误就越少。The more you practice, the better you are.越练越好。(6)“否定词比较级

20、否定词比较级”意为“最不过”。如：I cant agree more.我非常同意。She never has a better one.她拥有的这个最好。3最高级的用法：(1)“the 最最 高高 级级 in/of 短短 语语 ” 表 示 “ 是 中最的”。如：Tom is the tallest in his class.汤姆是他们班上最高的。I jump (the) farthest in my class.我是我们班跳得最远的。(2)“特殊疑问词动词特殊疑问词动词the最高级，最高级， A, B, or C？”用于三者以上的比较。如：Which country is the larges

21、t, China, Brazil or Canada?中国、巴西、加拿大，哪个国家最大？Which season do you like (the) best, spring, summer orautumn？春天、夏天和秋天，你最喜欢哪个季节？(3)“be one of the形容词最高级复数可数名词形容词最高级复数可数名词(in/of短语短语)”表示“是中最之一”。如：Beijing is one of the largest cities in China.北京是中国最大的城市之一。注意：(1) 有些程度副词，如：quite, rather, very, so, too,enough,

22、fairly 等与形容词或副词连用时具有“比较”含义，这时句中的形容词或副词不能再使用比较级。(2)much, a little, still, even, a bit, a lot, far 可修饰形容词或副词的比较级。(3)若形容词最高级前有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等修饰，此时不用定冠词 the；副词最高级前的 the 可以省略。( )1.(2011 年广东)Steve is good at writing short stories.So he is.But he writes _ than us.So he cant getgood grades in writing.Amost

23、 carefullyCless carefullyBmore carefullyDleast carefully解析：由 than 可知应该用比较级，故排除 A、D。由最后一句“所以他不能在写作中拿高分”可知应选 less carefully。C()2.(2011 年广东)Have you ever seen the movie calledLos Angeles 2011?BYes, but I think its _.I fell asleep when I saw it.AexcitingBboringCboredDexcited解析：由最后一句“我看的时候睡着了”可知，电影应该是无聊的

24、，排除 A、D 项；因为修饰的是电影，故选 B。()3.(2011 年 广 东 清 远 )Li Hua studies English very_ and her English is _in her class.DAcareful; goodCcareful; bestBcarefully; wellDcarefully; the best解析：修饰动词 study 要用副词，排除 A 和 C。is 是系动词，后边应接形容词而不是副词作表语，故选 D。()4.(2011 年 广 东 肇 庆 )Do you think which language is_， Japanese or Engli

25、sh?AdifficultBthe most difficult解析：根据句意，Japanese 和 English 两者比较，应该用形容词比较级形式 more difficult。()5.(2011 年 广 东 广 州 )The actress is already 50, but shelooks _ than she really is.AyoungCmore youngerBmore youngDmuch younger解析：由 than 可知此句用比较级，比较级前可用 a little,much, even 等词修饰，故选 D。Cmore difficultCD()6.(2011 年

26、广东茂名)Though it was raining hard outside,we could see _ people in the street.BAfewBa fewCa little解析：题意：虽然下大雨，你仍能在街上看到一些人。a little用于修饰不可数名词；few 几乎没有(含否定含义)；a few 一些(含肯定含义)。根据 though，可知表转折，故选 B。()7.(2011 年广东茂名)Who is the _ basketballplayer in China?CYao Ming, of course.No one plays _ in our country.Ago

27、od; bestBbetter; betterCbest; better解析：题意：“谁是中国最好的篮球运动员？”“当然是姚明。在我国没有人(比他)打得更好。”故第一空用最高级 best，第二空用比较级 better。()8.(2011 年广东茂名)The people there are _.Sothey often talk _.Afriend; happyBfriendly; happily解析：题意：那儿的人很友善，因此他们的交谈经常都很开心。系动词 are 后用名词或形容词作表语，friend 是名词，其形容词形式是 friendly；若接名词应用复数，排除 A、C。副词happil

28、y 修饰动词 talk 作状语。Cfriend; happilyB()9.(2011 年广东佛山)Li Na won the first place in the finaltennis game.Nobody else played _！BAwellBbetterCbest解析：题意：李娜在网球赛中获得冠军。没有其他人(比她)打得更好。故用比较级 better。()10.(2011 年 广 东 佛 山 )_ is the history ofTsinghua University?100 year.AHow soonBHow long解析：由回答“100 年”可知询问的是时间长度，故选 B。

29、BCHow far()11.(2011 年广东深圳)There is a smile on Miss GaosDface.She must be _ with Sams work.I think so.No one did as _ as him in our class.Aangry; wellCstrict; goodBpleasing; goodDpleased; well解析：题意：“高老师脸上带笑，她应该对山姆的功课很满意。”“我也这么认为。班上没人做得比他好。”be pleasedwith 对感到满意；动词 did 应用副词 well 来修饰。()12.(2011 年广东深圳)Th

30、e doctor told me _ toomuch, but I find it difficult.B解析：tell sb.not to do sth.告诉某人不要做某事；“the比较级，the比较级”意为“越越”，healthy 的比较级为 healthier。故选 B。 The doctor is right.The less you drink, _ you willbe. Adont drink; the healthier Bnot to drink; the healthier Cnot to drink; the more healthier Ddont drink; hea

31、lthier()13.(2011 年广东河源)Mom, Bill is coming to dinnerthis evening.C解析：something 多用于肯定句，anything 多用于否定句和疑问句；形容词修饰不定代词要后置。故选 C。OK.Lets give him _ to eat.Aanything differentBdifferent anythingCsomething differentDdifferent something()14.(2011 年 广 东 河 源 )Peter, _ do you visitDyour grandparents?Twice a mo

32、nth.Ahow longChow farBhow soon Dhow often解析：how long 多长；how soon 多快；how far 多远；howoften 多久一次。由回答“每个月两次”可知询问的是频率，故选 D。B( )15.(2010 年广东)How are you feeling today?Much _.I can go to school next week.AgoodBbetterCbestDwell解析：题意：“你今天觉得怎么样？”“好多了。我下周就能去学校了。”much 可用来修饰形容词/副词的比较级，表示程度，故选 B。A( )16.(2010 年广东)_

33、 will you come back?In an hour.AHow soonCHow farBHow oftenDHow long解析：how far 多远；how long 多长；how often 多久一次；how soon 多少时间以后，多久。由答语可知是对表将来的时间状语提问，应用疑问副词 how soon。(feels.)17.(2010 年广东肇庆)The busier he is, the _ heAmore happilyBmore happy解析：“the 比较级，the 比较级”表示“越就越”。feel 是系动词，后接形容词构成系表结构。happy 的比较级是把 y 变

34、 i 再加-er，即 happier。ChappierC()18.(2010 年广东梅州)Mum, could you buy me a dresslike this?C解析： 题意： “ 妈妈，你能给我买一条这样的裙子吗？”“当然。我们可以买一件比这件便宜但和这条一样好的裙子。”A 选项两个都用 better，没有转折含义；B 选项前后矛盾；D 选项形式错误，故选 C。 Certainly, we can buy _ one than this, but_ this. Aa better; better than Ba worse; as good as Ca cheaper; as goo

35、d as Da more important; good as()19.(2010 年 广 东 梅 州 )Can you imagine that _little ants can carry _ many big worms?CAso; soCsuch; soBsuch; suchDso; such解析：当名词前有表示“多、少”的 many, much, few, little的形容词时，用 so 进行修饰；若 little 表示“小的”，则用 such修饰。()20.(2010 年广东深圳)_ is your opi-nion onCthe film “Avatar”？Its amazin

36、g! I was _ moved.AWhat; deepCWhat; deeplyBHow; deepDHow; deeply解析：“Whats your opinion on/of.？”意为“你觉得怎么样？”； 第二空要用程度副词 deeply (深深地)来修饰形容词 moved，故选 C。()21.(2010 年 广 东 深 圳 )_ people are takingaction to protect the environment now.C 解析：题意：“越来越多的人正行动起来保护环境。”“是的。我五分之四的同班同学现在骑自行车上学。”more and more越来越多，less a

37、nd less 越来越少，根据题意可排除 B、D。“五分之四”的表达方式为 four fifths，故选 C。 Yes._ of my classmates come to school by bikenow. AMore and more; Four fifth BLess and less; Four fifth CMore and more; Four fifths DLess and less; Four fifths(Beijing?)22.(2010 年 广 东 广 州 )Why dont you like winter inBecause it is _ winter in Gu

38、angzhou.Aas cold asCnot so cold asBmuch colder thanDnot colder than解析：题意：“你为什么不喜欢北京的冬天？”“因为它比广州的冬天冷多了。”as cold as 和一样冷；much colderthan 比冷得多；not so cold 没有那么冷；not colder than不比冷。根据题意可知选 B。B( )23.(2010 年广东茂名)Many people are complaining thatthe prices of vegetables are too _.AmuchBhighCexpensive解析：题意：很

39、多人抱怨蔬菜价格太高了。much 多的；high高的；expensive 昂贵的。表示价格“高”应用 high。()24.(2010 年 广 东 茂 名 )Do you know _AMr.Smith comes to the shop?Once a week.Ahow oftenBhow longChow soon解析：根据回答“一周一次”可知询问的是频率，故用 howoften，意为“多久一次”。B()25.(2010 年 广 东 茂 名 )The more you read, _vocabulary you will have.Athe largeBthe largest解析：“the

40、比较级，the 比较级”意为“越，越”，故选 C。()26.(2010 年 广 东 佛 山 )Does anyone know _ the2010 World Cup is held?BAwhoBwhereCwhich解析：题意：你知道 2010 年世界杯在哪举行吗？who 谁；where 哪里；which 哪一个。根据题意可知选 B。Cthe largerC()27.(2010 年 广 东 佛 山 )It becomes much _ toprovide enough energy for a big city with a larger population.BAdifficultBmore difficult解析：much 可修饰形容词比较级，故选 B。()28.(2010 年广东湛江)Jim, I have _ for you. Wow, its an MP4.Thank you.Anice somethingCnice anythingBsomething niceDanything nice解析：something 多用于肯定句，anything 多用于否定句和疑问句；形容词修饰不定代词时要后置。故选 B。Cmost difficultB