高一英语Unit8冀教版知识精讲

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1、高一英语Unit 8冀教版【本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容： Unit 8二. 教学重点：1. 重点单词： conquest, irony, god, celebration, origin, exactly, connect, thunder, lightening, natural,storm, emperor, general, noble, therefore, accent, simplicity, sigh, influence, invasion,victory, occupy, reduce, servant, slave, official, fashion, disappea

2、r, own, rule, contact,manage, basis, absorb, vocabulary, relate, scholar, contribute, dominate, distinction, survive, mount, ascend, distinguish2. 重点短语： look forward to, the origin of., add up to, be after, be satisfied with, be responsiblefor, stand for, make a speech, learn about, have great influ

3、ences on., drive out,manage to do sth., the upper/lower classes, distinguish. from.3. 重点句型：（1）Its natural that.（2）It sounds like.（3）This may sound surprising （funny）, but. . .（4）You may not believe this, but. . .4. 语法： 名词性从句（II） 动词时态 （IV）三、重难点解释：1. conquest n.征服n.战利品 This land is ours by right of co

4、nquest. 这块土地是我们攻占得来的。 David is one of Joans conquests； hes fallen in love with her already.（喻）大卫是琼的一名俘虏,他已经坠入她的情网。for the conquest of为要征服make a conquest of征服；赢得感情2. irony n反语；反话 出人意料的事情或情况 irony of circumstances客观形势的嘲弄the irony of fate命运的嘲弄3. god n.God 上帝 神，神像，偶像，神化人物；极受崇拜极有影响的人；极受注意的事物 Money is the

5、 god of the bosses.老板们崇拜的就是金钱。 God bless you! 愿上帝保佑你!；天啊!；喔唷!God forbid!苍天不容!；绝对不行!God knows!天晓得!God helps those who help themselves. 谚天助自助者。4. celebration n.庆祝，庆典 The villagers had a celebration, with a new film to finish up with.村民们开了个庆祝会，最后放映了一部新电影。in celebration of 为庆祝hold a celebration举行庆祝会cele

6、brate v.庆祝，祝贺，表扬，赞美，举行We celebrated the New Year with a dance party.我们举行跳舞晚会庆祝新年。celebrate a marriage举行婚礼He celebrated his birthday with a banquet.他举行宴会庆祝自己的生日。The names of many heroes are celebrated by the poets.许多英雄的名字为诗人所歌颂。5. origin n.起源，由来，起因，出身，血统，数原点 Many Americans are African by origin. 许多美国

7、人是非洲血统。 the origins of civilization文明的起源be of noble origin出身高贵 He is a German by origin. 他原籍德国。original adj.最初的，原始的，独创的，新颖的 n.原物，原作Who was the original owner of this house? 谁是这座房子最早的主人？an original invention 新的发明an original painting 原画This is the original painting, and these others are copies. 这画是原作，

8、其他的是复制品。6. connect v.连接，联合，关连 （常to, with与连用）连接；结合；连结Will you connect this wire to the television. 你把这根电线和电视机连上好吗？If it is built, it will connect Britain to Europe for the first time in history. 如果隧道建成，它将有史以来第一次把英国和欧洲大陆连接起来。 （与with连用）接驳（火车、汽车、飞机 等联运），换车；衔接This flight connects with New York one. 这班飞机在

9、纽约可接上另一班机。Connect me with Beijing University.给我接北京大学。（与with连用）有联系，有关That solitary old man was suspected to be connected with the crime.那个孤独的老头被怀疑与犯罪事件有关。connect up连起来，接上connect with和有联系，和有关7. general adj普遍的；大众的；普通的；大致的；n.（用于官职）总，长a matter of general interest 普遍感兴趣的事 The opposing parties failed in th

10、e general election for all their pains.尽管反对党费尽了心机,还是在大选中遭到了失败。the general opinion 一般的舆论 Give me a general idea of the work. 告诉我这件工作的概括情况。 Major-General （美国陆军）少将 The general commanded his men to advance.将军命令他的士兵向前挺进。in general一般地；大体上；通常I like games in general, and especially football. 各种运动我一般都喜欢，尤其是足

11、球。 I am glad to find myself in general accord with your opinions.我很高兴地发现我的意见与你的看法基本一致。8. noble adj.高尚的，贵族的，高贵的 n.贵族 It was a noble act when he saved his friend from drowning. 他把朋友从水中救起是高尚的行为。a noble sight 壮丽的奇观a noble-looking horse 骏马noble birth 贵族出身9. therefore adv.因此，所以 I was ill, and therefore co

12、uld not come. 我病了，所以没能来。He has broken his leg and therefore he cant walk. 他摔坏了腿，因此不能走路了。We do not have enough money. Therefore we cannot afford to buy the new car.我们的钱不够，因此买不成这辆新车。He was the only candidate； therefore, he was elected. 他是唯一的候选人，因此，他当选了。10. accent n.重音，口音，重音符 speaking French with an En

13、glish accent 说法语带有英语口音 He speaks with a strong southern accent.他说话带有很浓的南方口音。She told me her story in broken accent.她泣不成声地告诉我她的经历。The first syllable should be accented.第一音节应当重读。11. sigh n.叹息, 叹息声 vi.叹息, 叹气 I wish I had finished this work, she said with a sigh. “我希望我完成了这项工作，”她叹口气说。sigh for sth. 渴望；想念；

14、为叹息sigh over sth.为而悲叹12. influence n.影响，感化，势力，有影响的人（或事），（电磁）感应 vt.影响，改变 My teachers influence made me study science at college. 由于我老师的影响，我上大学学了理科。Many a woman has had civilizing influence upon her husband. 许多妇女对其丈夫有影响。Will you exercise your influence on my behalf? 你愿意运用你的权力给我帮忙吗？My teacher influence

15、d my decision to study science. 我的老师对我学理科的决定起了影响作用。The weather influences crops.天气影响农作物。Outside factors influenced him to resign.外界因素促使他辞职。13. invasion n. 侵略；侵犯 cultural invasion文化侵略the invasion of an enemy敌人的侵略an invasion of disease疾病的侵害invasion（s） of sb.s privacy非法干涉某人的私事make an invasion upon侵入；袭击

16、invade vt.侵略，侵袭，拥挤The army invaded the town. 军队侵入了这个城市。The town was invaded by a crowd of tourists.这个城市涌来了一批游客。The enemy troops are ready to invade.敌军准备进犯。14. victory n.胜利，战胜，克服，罗神胜利女神 The school football team has had three victories this month against other schools. 校足球队这个月三次战胜其他学校。a major victory大

17、捷narrow victory很勉强的胜利，险胜victory conquest triumph 都含“取胜”、“胜利”的意思。victory 指“在战争、竞赛、斗争中获胜”，并有“击败对方或敌人”的含义，如：They won a victory in battle.他们在战斗中获胜。conquest 指“征服某国或某民族，从而使之处于被支配地位的胜利或战胜”，如：They succeeded in the conquest of that city. 他们夺取了那城市。triumph 指“辉煌或彻底的胜利或成功”，如：return home in triumph凯旋归来。15. occupy

18、 vt. 占，占用，占领，占据 to occupy space 占空间to occupy a position 占位置to occupy time 占时间to occupy a house 住在一所房子内to occupy a taxi 乘出租车be occupied in正在（做某事）occupy oneself with从事于，忙于，专心于occupy oneself in从事于，忙于，专心于16. reduce vt, vi 减少；缩小；降低Theyve reduced the prices in the shop, so its a good time to buy. 商店已经降低了商

19、品的价格，看来现在是买东西的好时候。（与to连用）减少至The fire reduced the forest to a few trees. 大火把森林烧得仅剩下几棵树。This experienced editor is said to be able to reduce the misprints to almost nil.据说这位经验丰富的老编辑能把印刷错误几乎降低到零。（与to连用）变为，化为to reduce the rocks to dust 把石块碎成粉末（与to连用）强迫；迫使She was reduced to begging. 她被迫乞讨。17. fashion n.

20、样子，方式，流行，风尚，时样vt. 形成，造，作，把塑造成，使适应 Is it the fashion to wear short skirts? Yes, short skirts are in fashion. 现在是不是时兴穿短裙？是的，短裙很流行。Loose trousers are the latest fashion.宽大的裤子是最新的时髦服装。He behaves in a very strange fashion. 他的举止很奇怪。act after sb.s fashion照某人的样子去做the latest fashions（服装等的）最新式样fashion the cla

21、y into bricks把泥土制成砖头fashion sb. into a fine sportsman把某人培养成优秀运动员be in（the） fashion合乎时尚，流行的be out of（the） fashion（人、物）不合时尚；不流行bring into fashion使流行come into fashion流行起来，开始风行grow into fashion流行起来，开始风行follow the fashion赶时髦fashion style 都含“时式”，“式样”的意思。fashion 系一般用语，指“一时或某一团体中流行的习尚”，如：This kind of dress

22、is now in fashion. 这种衣服现在很时髦。style常用来代替 fashion, 但主要指“高雅”，如：That dress is such a good style it will be fashionable for years.这衣服的样式如此雅致，一定会流行好几年。18. own adj.自己的，特有的，（不用所有格）嫡亲的，同胞的 vt. 拥有，自认，承认 vi.承认 That is my own book. 那是我（自己）的书。The writer has his own brand of humour. （喻） 这位作家有他独特的幽默感。Who owns this

23、 house? 谁拥有这幢房子？I own that you are right. 我承认你是对的。I must own to feeling rather anxious. 我必须承认自己相当忧虑。be on ones own单独地；独个儿地；独立地live on ones own单独生活of ones own属于某人自己的on ones own独自；靠自己19. contact n.接触, 联系vt. 接触，联系 Friendly contacts between different peoples facilitate the cultural and economic intercha

24、nge.各国人民的友好接触促进文化和经济交流。She comes into contact with many people. 她和许多人有联系。She contacted me as soon as she arrived. 她一到就和我联系了。contact sb. by telephone打电话与某人联系be in contact with和接触，有联系be out of contact with和脱离接触，失去联系bring into contact with使接触， 使与联系come into （in） contact with接触，碰上have contact with接触到，和有

25、联系lose contact with和失去联系，离开make contact with和接触联系20. manage vi.处理，应付过去vt. 管理，控制，操纵，维持，运用，搞成，设法 He managed the supermarket when the owner was away. 当主人不在的时候，他管理这个超级市场。He managed to avoid an accident. 他设法避免事故。The horse was difficult to manage. 这匹马很难驾驭。manage to do 设法做成21. absorb vt.吸收，吸引 We will not a

26、bsorb these charges. 我们不能承担这些费用。This job absorbs all of my time. 这件工作占有了我的全部时间。be absorbed by被吞并，为所吸收be absorbed in全神贯注在，一心从事，热衷于absorb sb.s attention吸引某人注意22. relate vt.叙述，讲，使联系，发生关系 I related my adventure to my family. 我向家人讲述了我的奇遇。 They are related to each other.他们彼此之间有亲戚关系。 The explorer related h

27、is adventures.探险者叙述他的冒险经历。 relate to 与关系好；与相关 relate with相一致23. distinguish v.区别，辨别 I can distinguish them at a distance. 从远处我能认出他们。 Speeches distinguishes man from the animals. 言语使人区别于动物。 People who cannot distinguish between colours are said to be colour-blind.不能分辨颜色的人被称为色盲。be distinguished from不同

28、于；与加以区别distinguish.from. 辨别，识别； 把和区别开宾语从句一、理解宾语从句的概念宾语从句在复合句中做主句的宾语，通俗的说法就是一个句子做另一个句子的宾语。二、学习宾语从句的4个注意事项 1. 连接词宾语从句通常由that, if, whether 和连接代词what, which, who, whom及连接副词when, where ,how, why等连接。其中that 连接一个陈述句做宾语，在宾语中that可以省略；除that以外的连接词连接一个一般疑问句做宾语，且疑问句语序改为陈述句。连接代词及连接副词其实就是特殊疑问句的疑问代词和疑问副词，连接一个特殊疑问句做宾

29、语，语序改为陈述句。She knows （that） she should study hard.她知道她应该努力学习。He asked me if he could come in.他问我他是否能进来。Can you tell me which class you are in? 你能告诉我，你在哪个班吗?2. 时态一致（即主句的时态与从句的时态相一致）宾语从句中如果主句是现在的时态,从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。I know he lives in Xian 我知道他住在西安。I know he lived in Xian several years ago.我知道他几年前住在西安。I k

30、now he has lived in Xian for ten years. 我知道他住在西安有十年了。宾语从句中如果主句是过去的时态，那么从句的时态一定要用相应的过去的时态。即：一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时过去将来时现在进行时去进行时现在完成时进去完成时Lin Tao knows （现在时） who lives （现在时） here.Lin Tao knew （过去时） who lived （过去时） here.He has said （现在完成时） that he has seen it .He said that he had seen it .I say that she is r

31、eading.I said that she was reading.3. 语序的变化凡宾语从句都必须是陈述句主语序，这一点非常重要。 陈述句：Lin Tao is a clever man.宾语从句：He said that Lin Tao was a clever man. 一般疑问句：Does he go home every day?宾语从句：I wonder if / whether he goes home every day.特殊疑问句： What did she want to do?宾语从句：I dont know what she wanted to do.4. 人称，地点

32、，时间等的变化在进行句型转换和合并句子的训练中，有些人称，地点状语，时间状语要根据主句做相应的变化。 I will eat as much as I can, Polly says.Polly says that she will eat as much as she can. Ive lived here since I was 3 years old, Mike says.Mike says that he has lived there since he was 3 years old.Lin Tao is singing now, he told me .He told me that

33、 Lin Tao was singing at that moment.现在进行时现在进行时的基本用法：a. 表示现在（ 指说话人说话时） 正在发生的事情。 We are waiting for you.b. 习惯进行：表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。 Mr. Green is writing another novel.（说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。） She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.c. 表示渐变的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。 The leaves are tu

34、rning red. Its getting warmer and warmer.d. 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。 You are always changing your mind.典型例题My dictionary _, I have looked for it everywhere but still_ it. A. has lost, dont findB. is missing, dont findC. has lost, havent foundD. is missing, ha

35、vent found 答案D。前句是一个仍在持续的状态，应用进行时，由于没有找到，其影响仍然存在，应用完成时，瞬间动词用于否定式时可用于完成时。不用进行时的动词1）事实状态的动词have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continueI have two brothers.This house belongs to my sister.2）心理状态的动词know, realize, think, see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree

36、, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hateI need your help.He loves her very much.3）瞬间动词 accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuseI accept your advice.4）系动词seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turnYou seem a little t

37、ired.【模拟试题】（答题时间：90分钟）一、单项选择1. America is an _country. You can hear _ everywhere.A. English - spoken； English speakingB. English - speaking； English spokenC. speaking - English； English spoken D. spoken - English； English speaking2. We have physics on Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday, that is, we have

38、 it _. A. every other days B. every three days C. every other day D. each two days3. All _ studied this question _ come to the same conclusion. A. that has； has B. who has； haveC. who have； have D. what have； has4. Hong Kong _ the Great Britain for one hundred years.A. ruled B. was ruled C. was rule

39、d byD. ruled by5. He is a doctor _ only； he paints pictures all day. A. by name B. in name C. with the nameD. in the name of6. Would you mind if I _ the mistakes in your composition ?A. point outB. pointing out C. pointed out D. point to7. The slave _ in the South, who _ a lot of land and slaves wan

40、ted to set up a state of their _ .A. own； owner； own B. owners； owned； ownC. owned； own； owner D. own； owned； owner8. His illness _ the difficulty of the family.A. added up to B. addedC. added toD. added up9. How many years did your fathers school education ?A. add B. add to C. add upD. add up to10.

41、 What do you want to do next? We have half an hour until the basketball game._. Whatever you want to-do is fine with me.A. It just depends B. Its up to youC. All rightD. Glad to hear that11. The ground is covered with_ leaves.A. falling B. fallen C. being fallen D. having been fallen12. She is a goo

42、d _. Shes not really crying. Shes only _ to get your sympathy.A. actress； acting B. actor； actingC. action； active D. activity； actively13. The boys name is _ with his parents first name.A. joined B. connected C. connecting D. united14. “Can you read?” Mary said _ to the notice.A. angrily pointing B

43、. and point angrilyC. angrily pointed D. and angrily pointing15. _ some officials. Napoleon inspected his army.A. Followed B. Followed byC. Being following D. Having been followed by16. She asked me _ to build this factory.A. how long it was taken B. how much time did it takeC. how long it had taken

44、 D. how much time it was taken17. The teacher didnt know _ to blame for the broken glass as it happened while she was out. A. who B. when C. how D. what l8. The physics teacher taught us that water _ towards the lower place.A. flowsB. ran C. had goneD. would travel19. They want to know _ do to help

45、us.A. what can they B. how they canC. what they can D. how can they20. She looks sad, could you please tell me _ that prevents her from being as happy as before?A. what it is B. it is what C. how it is D. it is how21. I once stayed in _ is now called Chaoyang District.A. which B. that C. if D. what2

46、2. I dont know _ he comes. I dont know, either, but may be for the toy car. A. whyB. when C. if D. how23. Have you seen Mary lately? My boss wants to know _ .A. how she is getting along B. how is she getting alongC. what she is getting along D. what is she getting along24. _ we can t get seems bette

47、r than _ we have.A. What； what B. What； thatC. That； that D. That； what25. I hate _ when people talk with their mouths full.A. that B. it C. these D. then26. I remember _ this used to be a quiet village.A. when B. how C. where D. what27. People have heard what the president has said； they are waitin

48、g to see _ he will do.A. how B. what C. when D. that28. Here _ the teacher!A. has come B. comes C. come D. is coming29. He _ the same question.A. often ask B. is always askedC. is always keeping D. is always asking30. Miss White _ her finger while she _ the bread.A. cut, was cutting B. was cutting,

49、was cuttingC. cut, cut D. was cutting, cut31. They _ supper when I _ to see them.A. had, was goingB. were having, wentC. had, went D. were having, was going 32. It is reported that the government has lightened the burden on the students.Oh, today we are still _ from heavy school work _ at preparing

50、us for the entrance examination.A. suffering； aimed B. suffered； aimedC. suffered； aiming D. suffering； aiming33. Its true. I saw it with _ eyes. A. my B. myself C. my own D. own 34. They robbed the old man _ his money. A. as B. of C. from D. by35. Can I help you with your luggage? _. I can manage m

51、yself.A. Yes, you canB. No, you cant C. Its all right, thank you D. Thats nice of you二、完形填空 As a child, I was truly afraid of the dark and of getting lost； these fears were very real and caused me some uncomfortable moments.Maybe it was the strange_36_things looked and sounded in my familiar room at

52、 night that_37_me so much. There was never total_38_, but a streetlight or passing car lights_39_clothes hung over a chair take on the_40_of a wild animal. Out of the corner of my_41_, I saw the curtains seem to move when there was no_42_. A tiny sound in the floor would seem a hundred times louder

53、than in the daylight. My_43_would run wild, and my heart would beat fast. I would_44_very still so that the “enemy” would not discover me.Another of my childhood fears was that I would get lost, _45_on the way home from school. Every morning I got on the school bus right near my home. That was no_46

54、_. After school, _47_, when all the buses were_48_up along the street, I was afraid that Id get in the wrong one and be taken to some_49_neighborhood. On school or family trips to a park or a museum, I wouldnt_50_the leaders out of my sight.Perhaps one of the worst fears_51_all I had as a child was

55、that of not being liked or_52_by others. Being popular was so important to me_53_, and the fear of not being liked was a _54_one. One of the processes（过程）of growing up is being able to_55_and overcome our fears. Understanding the things that frightened us as children helps us achieve greater success

56、 later in life.36. A. way B. time C. place D. reason37. A. wounded B. destroyed C. surprised D. frightened38. A. quietness B. darkness C. emptiness D. loneliness39. A. got B. forced C. made D. caused40. A. spirit B. height C. body D. shape41. A. eye B. windowC. mouth D. door42. A. breath B. wind C.

57、air D. sound43. A. belief B. feeling C. imagination D. doubt44. A. lay B. hide C. rest D. lie45. A. especially B. simply C. probably D. directly46. A. discussion B. problem C. joke D. matter47. A. though B. yet C. although D. still48. A. called B. backed C. lined D. packed49. A. old B. crowded C. po

58、or D. unfamiliar 50. A. leave B. let C. order D. send51. A. above B. in C. of D. at52. A. protected B. guided C. believed D. accepted53. A. then B. there C. once D. anyway54. A. strict B. powerful C. heavy D. right55. A. admit B. remember C. recognize D. recover三、阅读理解（A）The Taj Mahal（泰姬陵） is a love

59、story, a sad and beautiful one. If it didnt exist, we would easily imagine that the story of its construction was simply a fairy tale. Three hundred years ago, there lived an Indian emperor called Shah Jahan. His wife was a beautiful and bright woman whom he loved greatly. Her title was Mumtazl Maha

60、n: its shortened form Taj Mahan, means “pride of the palace”. In the year 1630 this beloved wife of the emperor died. He was so brokenhearted that he thought of giving up his throne. He decided out of his love for his wife, to build her the most beautiful tomb that had ever been seen.He summoned the

61、 best artists and architects from India, Turkey, Persia and Arabia and finally, the design was complete. It took more than twenty thousand men working over a period of 18 years to build the Taj Mahan, one of the most beautiful building in the world.The building itself stands on a marble. Platform 29 meters square and 67 meter