探究建筑给排水节能节水几要素

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1、探究建筑给排水节能节水几要素 作者： 日期：2 个人收集整理 勿做商业用途探究建筑给排水节能节水几要素摘要：随着全球经济的发展，水资源与能源的短缺问题越来越凸显.建筑过程对于能源和水资源的需求量很大,所以建筑中给排水的节水节能问题就显的尤为重要，本文将重点讨论这一问题.关键词:建筑,给排水，节能节水 1.前言给排水系统能源和水资源的消耗存在于很多地方，譬如重复水的产生，生活所需要的热水，消防供水以及给水和排水。据有关资料显示，上述问题中仅热水一项在建筑消耗中所占的比例高达10%30%。所以，在建筑中，给排水占有相当重要的地位。下面就几个重要方面对建筑中的给排水问题进行讨论。2.建筑中的给水问题

2、2.1选择供水方式的时候，我们应该对根据不同功能区的用水做详细的计算，要根据具体情况有效的运用变频调速供水设备，屋顶生活水箱的联合供水方式以及地下生活用水达到理想的节能效果。就变频调速而言，目前频率最小可以达到25Hz，转速应维持在50以上,离心泵运行的理想区间为10.5Q。2。2合理的运用管网叠压供水设备，要充分利用市政管网的压力，要准确掌握市政管网的水量，水压的详细数据。另外，还要充分考虑到接管处供水的变化，城市供水管网不同地段的压力是不一样的。2。3要做到合理的水资源的分配，要根据建筑的具体情况及地缘因素来确定合理的用水定额。把用水定额定的过高或过低都对供水系统的能源及水资源造成浪费。2

3、.4合理的确定用水定额用水定额的确定要根据卫生器具设置标准，建筑物性质以及当地实际情况等因素综合考虑来选定.无论是定额设置的过高还是过低，都会造成不必要的浪费。以500户小区为例，住宅类型为普通住宅类，单户Ng为11。95，供水的设备全部为变频加压,用水定额分别选取300L/人?d 和250L/人?d时的设计秒流量差比可达到8，变频泵组能耗差比可达到12%。所以，用水定额对于水和能源的节约都起到重要的作用，应该慎重选取。2.5 有效地利用节水仪器仪表我们应该根据国家城镇建设行业标准节水型生活用水器具CJ164-2002的要求，来合理的选择节水型卫生器具，此外，还要考虑到施工的便利性，选择又经济

4、又卫生安全的管材，特别要注意的是,考虑经济效益的时候不应该局限于前期的消费，更重要的是长期的经济效益。由国家相关部门联合印发的关于在住宅建设中淘汰落后产品的通知（建住房1999295号）规定，住宅建筑的坐便器的冲水量不得大于等于9L 。目前采用冲水量6L的坐便器，比淘汰产品节水率约10%（住宅约10、宾馆、饭店4%，办公楼27)；厨房的洗涤盆、沐浴头、洗脸洗手盆采用瓷芯节水龙头和充气龙头，节水率约20%。可见在建筑内充分使用节水型卫生器具，可节能节水约5%10%，建筑物越高，节能效果越显著。 3。建筑中热水问题建筑中热水的供应所占能源消耗的比例很大，所以一定要做好热水的供应.3。1有效热源的选

5、择对于集中供热热源，我们有多条途径。首先对于工业余热,废热的利用，既节能又消除污染，所以一般情况下这作为我们的首选.其次,要考虑地热水资源,这需要我们根据地区的具体情况，水质，地温等条件,进行处理后作为热源。太阳能是比较普遍的能源,绿色环保,取之不尽用之不竭，在我国大部分地区均可采用太阳能。对于局部供热热源，我们可以根据住宅的实际情况选择电力，煤气，太阳能等多种供热方式.在用电力作为热源时，储热式电热水器的耗电功率比较低,应当作为首选。另外，我们还要合理的设定热水用水定额，这需要我们根据当地的具体条件按相关规定合理的选择，一般来说，我们应该按照热水用水定额的下限进行选择.此外，我们还要准确的计

6、算热水量，耗电量，尽量做到准确。供水水温一般设定为50C-60C为宜，还要尽量缩短供水管道。3.2给水器具的合理选择及保温管道的敷设对于热水系统管材，阀门的选择,首先应该满足使用过程中压力和温度的要求,其次,还要保证管件，管道，阀门等连接处的密闭性,以免漏水。热水管道的保温性能对于能耗的影响是非常大的,大部分热量的损耗都是通过这条途径进行的。我们选用保温材料时,应当首先选用密度比较小，机械强度比较大，不易燃烧，不会对金属造成腐蚀，导热系数低的保温材料。在加热设备以及供给管道中都应该做好保温的工作，在保温隔热层外应该再加一层强度高，在使用的温度下不龟裂,不变软，持久耐用的保护层。人户支管当其明装

7、在吊顶内时，宜作保温层，暗装的管道因难以作保温处理，且因管径小、散热快,其管道长度应控制在10 m以内。3.3合理的设计各种参数由于供水水温、耗热及耗水量、热水用水定额、水质等热水系统的基本参数的设置对于热水系统的合理运行、能耗产生很大的影响.所以应根据工程的具体条件来选择这些参数。4。建筑中其它的给排水问题对于中水系统，其设计应根据水量平衡进行计算，这样便可减少自来水的利用量，使中水得到充分利用。对于冷却循环水，要根据水质情况，采取合理的措施进而进行合理的利用。充分利用雨水，比如采用雨水弃流技术，雨水入渗技术等手段。雨水初期弃流技术,收集比较洁净的雨水,并经过相关工艺根据具体水质做具体的处理

8、，可以达到不同的使用要求。雨水入渗技术,设置渗透式雨水井、雨水口、雨水沟、渗透管等产品,加强雨水的渗透效果,充分补充地下水,同时，还可以调节地表径流，减轻市政雨水排水的压力,减少洪涝，实现雨水的资源化，使水文循环向着有利于城市生活的方向发展。 另外,还要考虑到分质供水以及给水的可循环性，分质供水就是根据不同的用途，根据不同的水质要求来分别供水.目前民用建筑的水质标准主要有饮用净水水质标准、生活饮用水水质标准、生活杂用水水质标准、景观用水水质标准等。 .分质供水可以有效地对水进行循环使用，例如，设置中水回用系统,就是收集较为洁净的生活废水，经处理后作为杂用水使用。 5。总结综上所述，我们要根据建

9、筑的具体情况合理的选择和利用各种给排水技术，既要做到节能节水，做到可持续发展，又要充分考虑到经济的合理性，这就对设计提出较高的要求。本文就设计中几点节能因素做出了简单的阐述,供参考。参考文献：1李刚。无负压管网增压设备应用探讨，给水排水，2004, 30（4):88 912李旭东，章崇伦.试论二次供水系统的优化方案.天津建筑给水排水技术信息，2004,（试刊):19-21To explore the building water supply and drainage energy saving water saving a few elements Pick to： along with t

10、he development of the global economy, the shortage of water resources and energy more and more highlighted. Demand for energy and water in the construction process is very big， so the construction of water-saving energysaving problem of water supply and drainage is the significant particularly impor

11、tant， this article focuses on the problem. Keywords： building water supply and drainage， energy-saving water conservation 1. Introduction Water supply and drainage system, the consumption of energy and water exist in many places, such as repeated water production， life need hot water and fire water

12、supply and water supply and drainage. According to relevant data show that the problem only in a building hot water consumption in the proportion of 10 30. So， in the construction, water supply and drainage occupies an important position. Here are a few important aspects of building water supply and

13、 drainage problem is discussed。 2。 The water supply problem in construction 2。1 choose water supply mode, we should to do detailed calculation according to the different functional areas of water， according to the specific situation of effective use of frequency conversion water supply equipment， li

14、ving roof water tank joint water supply way and underground water for life to the ideal energy saving effect。 In terms of frequency control of motor speed， the minimum can reach 25 hz frequency, speed should be maintained above 50%， a centrifugal pump running ideal interval of 1 0。5 Q. 2。2 a reasona

15、ble use of network overlying water supply equipment， should make full use of municipal pipe network pressure, to accurately grasp the municipal pipe network of water, water pressure data in detail。 In addition， but also give full consideration to the takeover of the change of the water supply, diffe

16、rent location of the urban water supply pipe network pressure is not the same. 2。3 to achieve reasonable allocation of water resources， according to the architectural details and geopolitical factors to determine the reasonable water use quota。 The water quota set too high or too low are caused a wa

17、ste of energy and water for the water supply system. 2。4 the determination of reasonable water quota The determination of water use quota according to the sanitary ware set standards, building properties and the local actual situation factors such as comprehensive consideration to selected。 Whether

18、quota is set too high or too low， will cause unnecessary waste. In 500 district, for example， for ordinary residential housing type class, single-family Ng is 11。95， all for variable-frequency pressurized water supply equipment， water quota， respectively select 300 l/person? L/d or 250 people？ D in

19、the design of the second flow difference ratio can reach 8， energy consumption of variable frequency pump group difference ratio can reach 12。 So the water quota for saving water and energy play an important role, should be carefully selected。 本文为互联网收集,请勿用作商业用途个人收集整理，勿做商业用途2。5 efficient use of water

20、 saving instrument We should according to the national urban construction industry standards of watersaving appliances for water CJ164-2002 requirements, to the choice of reasonable water-saving sanitary ware， in addition， but also to the construction of convenience, choice and the economic and heal

21、th and safety of pipe material, in particular, when considering economic benefit should not be limited to the prophase of consumption， more important is the long-term economic benefits。 By jointly issued by the national related departments on the backward in the residential construction product noti

22、ce (1999 no. 295） to build housing, residential building of the flush toilet shall not be greater than or equal to 9 l. Currently USES flush 6 l sit implement， or less than products obsolete watersaving rate at about 10%, housing by about 10% 4%， hotel， restaurant， office building， 27%）; The kitchen

23、 washing a face wash basin， shower head, the sink adopts porcelain core water-saving faucet and aeration tap， water saving rate of about 20. Visible is fully used in the building water-saving sanitary appliances, energy-saving water saving about 5 10, the higher the buildings, the more significant e

24、ffect of energy saving。 文档为个人收集整理,来源于网络本文为互联网收集，请勿用作商业用途3. Hot water problems in the construction Hot water supply of buildings accounts for a large proportion of energy consumption, so be sure to prepare hot water supply。 3。1 the choice of heat source effectively We have multiple ways for central h

25、eating heat source。 First for industrial waste heat， waste heat utilization， energy saving and eliminate pollution, so normally it as our first choice。 Next， should consider geothermal water resources, this need we according to the actual circumstances of the region， water quality, ground temperatur

26、e etc， as a heat source for processing later. Solar energy is common, green environmental protection, and inexhaustible solar energy can be used in most areas in China。 个人收集整理，勿做商业用途本文为互联网收集，请勿用作商业用途For the local heat source， we can choose according to the actual situation of residential electricity

27、， gas， solar heat supply a variety of ways。 When using electricity as heat source, heat storage type electric water heater of the power is low power consumption, shall be used as first choice。 In addition, we also need to set reasonable hot water quota， it need we according to local specific conditi

28、ons stipulated in the relevant reasonable choice， in general， we should choose according to the hot water quota limit. In addition, we have the accurate calculation of hot water, electricity, try to be accurate. Water supply temperature is generally set to 50 to 60 C C advisable， will try to shorten

29、 the supply pipe. 个人收集整理，勿做商业用途文档为个人收集整理，来源于网络3.2 selection of reasonable water supply equipment， and insulation pipe laying Pipes for hot water system, the choice of valve， first of all should meet the requirements of pressure and temperature in use process, and second， to ensure fitting， pipe, val

30、ve and joint sealing, in order to avoid leakage. Hot water pipe insulation effect on the energy consumption is very big, most of the heat loss is carried out through this approach。 We chose to use insulation material, it shall first choose density is small, the mechanical strength is bigger, not bur

31、ning， not cause corrosion to metal, low thermal conductivity of insulation materials. In heating equipment and work should be done well in the supply pipeline heat preservation and outside heat preservation and heat insulation layer should be add a layer of high intensity, the use of temperature doe

32、s not crack, the same soft， durable protective layer。 Hushai branch pipe when the Ming mounted on the ceiling， appropriate for thermal insulation layer， equipped with hidden pipeline is difficult to make heat preservation processing， and due to the pipe diameter is small， fast heat dissipation， the

33、pipe length should be controlled within 10 m。 本文为互联网收集，请勿用作商业用途个人收集整理，勿做商业用途3.3 reasonable design parameters Due to water supply water temperature, heat and hot water system such as water, hot water quota, water quality of basic parameter Settings to reasonable operation of the hot water system， ene

34、rgy consumption， produce very big effect. So should be according to the project specific conditions to choose the parameters。 4. Other water supply and drainage problems in the construction For water system， the design should be according to the calculation of water balance, so that can reduce the u

35、se of tap water， make full use of the water。 For cooling circulating water, the water quality according to the situation, take reasonable measures to reasonable use. Make full use of rain water， such as rainwater flow technology， rainwater infiltration technology， etc。 Rain early abandon flow techno

36、logy, relatively clean rainwater collection, and according to the specific water quality through relevant technology do specific processing， can meet different use requirement. Rainwater infiltration technology, rainwater penetration type well， rain, rain water, seepage pipe and other products, stre

37、ngthen the infiltration of rain water, replenish groundwater, at the same time， also can adjust the surface runoff, ease the pressure that the municipal rainwater drainage， reduce flooding, realization of rainwater utilization， the hydrologic cycle to be the direction of city life. In addition， also

38、 considering the recycled water supply and water supply， water supply is according to different USES, water respectively according to different water quality requirements。 The civil construction of the water quality standards mainly have potable water purification water quality， drinking water quali

39、ty standard, complex water water quality standard of living water， landscape water quality standard, etc。 . Water can be effectively carried out on the water cycle use, for example， set the water reuse system， is to collect a clean life waste water， the processed as miscellaneous water for use. 个人收集

40、整理，勿做商业用途本文为互联网收集,请勿用作商业用途5. To summarize To sum up, we will according to the construction of reasonable select and use a variety of water supply and drainage technology, both to do energy saving water， achieve sustainable development， and should fully consider the rationality of the economic， it pu

41、ts forward higher requirements to design。 In this paper, the design of several energy saving factors has made the simple elaboration， for your reference。 References： Li gang。 1 has no negative pressure pipe network pressurization equipment application， water supply and drainage， 2004, 30 （4） : 88-91 Patrick， 2 ZhangChongLun. Discuss about the optimization scheme of secondary water supply system. Tianjin building water supply and drainage technology information, 2004， (ShiKan） : 1921