推荐初三英语unit1unit

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1、Unit 1 How do you study for a test?语法复习：现在完成时态1、基本结构 ：主语+have/has（助动词）+ done （过去分词）变否定在助动词have/has后加not，变一般问句把助动词have/has提前，且用什么动词问就什么动词回答，特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句+其他？I have spent all of my money.I havent spent all of my money 。Have you spent all of your money?Yes,I have.No,I havent.What have you spent ?2、用法

2、和意义：过去的动作对现在的影响。 I have spent all of my money.（I have no money） Jane has cleaned the blackboard.(The blackboard is clean)现在完成时还可以用来表示过去的动作,持续到现在有可能继续下去，常与“for+时间 段”,“since+时间点或过去时的句子”连用.提问用How long. e.g:Mary has been ill for three days. I have lived here since1998. I have lived here since I came her

3、e注：for+时间 段”,“since+时间点或过去时的句子”以及含有How long的句子不能和结束性动词（buy,die,join,losecome/arrive/reach/get to）连用，要表示这种意思就要换成意思相同或相近的延续性动词I have bought the bike for four months. (buy结束性动词，要把bought变成 had )3、现在完成时态和一般过去时态的区别 现在完成时态强调过去的动作对现在的影响，表示现在的状态，是现在时态。而一般过去时态强调过去某一时间发生某动作；属于过去时态，有具体的表示过去的时间状语，如yesterdayin 19

4、98,two years ago等。 I have had/bought a new bike . I bought it last week.4现在完成时态的时间状语：recently,lately,since.,for. ,in the past few years 等。 5动词过去分词的构成：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。 (1)、一般动词,在词尾直接加“ ed ”。 Workworkedworked ,visitvisited-visited (2)、以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ”。 livelivedlived , (3)、以“辅音字母

5、+ y ”结尾的动词，将 y 变为 i ，再加“ ed ”。 studystudied-studied ,crycriedcried (4)、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ ed ”。 stopstoppedstopped , dropdroppeddropped 现在完成时态练习:1.He has never surfed, _ _?（改为反意疑问句）2They have been here since2000.(对划线部分提问)_ _have they been here?3.The old man_last year.He _ _for a year.(用

6、die的正确形式填空)4.Miss Gao left an hour ago.(同义句转换)Miss Gao_ _ _ _ an hour ago5.Her mother has been a Party member for three years (同义句转换)Her mother_the Party three years_汉译英：1他这些天到哪儿去了？_2他昨天收到一封信。_3我父亲以前到过长城。_4她还没有看过那部电影。_5他去过上海。_知识要点：一、征求意见的表达方式：What aboutHow about?用来询问消息或征求意见，后接名词、代词或动名词。What/How abou

7、t going out for a walk?出去散步怎么样呢？ Lets+do sth. Lets play basketball.我们去打篮球吧。 Why not+do sth?(=Why dont you+do sth?)Why not go there a litter earlier?=Why dont you go there a litter earlier? Shall I/we+ do sth?Shall we go to the park on foot?二、.aloud,loud 和loudly aloud 强调发出的声音能被听见，意思为“出声地”或“大声地”，常和rea

8、d ， call 等动词连用。 Please read the text aloud. 请朗读一下课文。 loud 意为“响亮地”或“高声地”，侧重发出的音量大，传得远，一般多用来修饰 speak ， talk ， laugh 等动词。 loud 还可用作形容词。例如： Speak louder, please, or no one will hear you. 请大声些，否则没人能听见。 loudly 意为“响亮地”，其基本意义与 loud 相同，常与 ring ， knock 等动词连用。 loudly 放在动词前后均可，含有“喧闹”或“嘈杂”的意味。例如： Suddenly the be

9、ll on the wall rang loudly. 突然，墙上的铃大声地响起来。 Dont talk so loud (loudly)-youll wake the whole street. 别那么大声说话，你快把左邻右舍都吵醒了。 Someone knocked loudly (loud) at the door. 有人在大声敲门。三、.tooto,sothat和enough to当that引导的从句为否定时，从句主语与主句主语相同时，sothat可以转换为tooto结构。若从句主语与主句主语不相同时，sothat可转换toofor sb to结构。enough to的句型为否定时，e

10、nough to可以转换为tooto，但转换后的tooto结构中的形容词（副词）要用其相应的反义词。四、do sth by doing sth“通过做某事去做某事”How do you study English? I study English by making flashcards.短语；by the way随便问一下五、v.-ing形式和v.-ed动词的v.-ing形式和v.ed形式都可以做形容词，v.-ing常用来修饰物，v.-ed常用来修饰人。I am very interested in the interesting story.六、Its+adj+(for sb.+)to d

11、o sth句型：“（对某人来说）做某事是的”It是形式主语，后面to do才是真正的主语。Its too difficult (for me) to study English well.意思是：To study English well is too difficult for me.It也可以做形式宾语。I find it(形式宾语) difficult to study English well. (真正宾语)注意句型:Its+adj+ of sb. + to do sth. Its very nice of you to wait for me.七、unless的用法；unless连词

12、，是if的反义，相当于ifnot,和if一样引导条件状语从句。You will pass the exam if you work hard.You will fail unless you work hard.= You will fail if you dont work hard八、Have difficult/fun/trouble(in)doing sth.在做某时时有困难/乐趣/问题She had trouble making complete sentences.十、spoken和speakingspoken“口语的，口头的”spoken English 英语口语speaking

13、 “讲话的，说语言的”常和语言名词一起构成形容词，如：an English speaking country,一个讲英语的国家十一、deal with 和do with“对付，处理”deal with与how连用，do with与what连用What did you do with the broken bike?He doesnt know how to deal with the boy十二、see sb do sth“.看到某人做某事”强调“看见动作的全过程”I saw him cross the road.See sb doing sth强调“看见某人正在做某事” I saw the

14、boys playing on the river.这种动词叫感官动词还有: see/hear/feel/notice/watch sb.do sth.watch接不带to的动词不定式做宾补强调动作的结果或经常性“干过或经常干某事”,see/hear/feel/notice/watch sb.doing sth.watch后接动名词做宾补强调动发生的过程“正在做某事”，.考例1.Its a good habit_breakfast every day.A.had B.have C.has D.to have2.-Wheres Mr Yu,dont you know? -Well,its har

15、d to say,but I saw him_a football game just now.A.was watching B.watching C.had watched D.watched 3.“Dont be afraid,speak_,please!”The teacher said_. A,loud,loud B.louder,loudly C.loudier,loud D.alouder,loudly4.I have _friends in the city.I will visit them.我觉得学英语很困难。I_ _difficult_English.5.We_at the

16、 party last night,Which of the following is NOT right?A.had a lot of fun B.had great fun C.had a good time D.had a great fun6.-Would you mind passing me your pen?-._A.Never mind B.Yes,I dont please. C.No,do it just. D.Not at all.Would you mind?“不介意”的回答是“Not at all,Of course not,Certainly not”7.Compu

17、ters are so popular in our country that every pupil knows_e-mails.A.how can he send B.how does he send C.how to send D.how sending8.-What are you going to do with your pocket money?-_give it to the children from AIDs(爱滋病)？A.What about B.What for C.Why dont D.Why not9.- My spoken English is poor,what

18、 shall I do? -Thats easy,Practice_it as much as possible.A.speak B.speaks C.speaking D.to speak10.Miss Gao is_older than you.A.many B.more C.a lot Dlots of11.The water was so dirty that we couldnt drink it. The water was_dirty for us _drink it.12.The child is so young that he cant put on his clothes

19、. The child isnt_ _ _put on his clothes.Unit 2 I used to be afraid of the dark.语法复习一般过去式一、意义和用法：一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，往往有明确的表示过去的时间状语。e.g:yesterday,last night,two days ago,in 1999等。也可以表示过去经常或反复发生的动作，常用often,usually等表示频度的时间状语连用，也可以同today,this week,this month等连用。e.g:I got up at 6:30 yesterday. I sa

20、w him today.He was still a student two years ago.They always went to work by bus last year.He came late three times this week.二、动词的形式：a、be动词：was(am/is)和were(are)肯 I/He/She/It was a student ten years ago.定 You were a student ten years ago.句 We/You/They were students ten years ago.否 I/He/She/It wasnt

21、a student ten years ago.定 You werent a student ten years ago.句 We/You/They werent students ten years ago. 一般问句及回答Were you a student ten years ago? Yes, I was./ No, I wasnt.Was he/she/it a student ten years ago? Yes, he/she/it was./ No, he/she/it wasnt.Were you students ten years ago? Yes, we were. /

22、 No, we werent.Were they students ten years ago? Yes, they were. / No, they werent.b、行为动词的一般过去时行为动词在一般过去时态中有两种形式：过去式和原形。在肯定陈述句中用过去式，否定句和疑问句中用动词原形，无人称变化。以study English为例：肯定句：I/You/He/She/It/We/You/They studied English ten years ago.否定句：I/You/He/She/It/We/You/They didnt study English ten years ago. 一般

23、问句及回答Did you study English ten years ago? Yes,I did./No,I didnt.Did he/she/it study English ten years ago? Yes,he/she/it did./No,he/she/it didnt.Did you study English ten years ago? Yes,we did./No,we didnt.Did they study English ten years ago? Yes,they did./No,they didnt.三、动词过去式的构成：A、规则变化及读音：a.一般在动词

24、末尾加ed。looked,played,started.b.以e结尾只加d。lived,hoped,used.c.末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，先双写这个辅音字母再加ed。stop-stoppedd.以辅音字母加y 结尾的 动词,先变y为i再加ed.study-studied carry-carried读音：在清辅音后读/t/，浊辅音和元音后读/d/，/t,d/后读/id/一般过去式练习：一、请用正确动词形式填空。 1. I _ (have) an exciting party last weekend. 2. _ she _(practice) her guitar yesterday?

25、 No, she _. 3. What _ Tom _ (do) on Saturday evening? He _(watch) TV and _(read) an interesting book. 4. They all _(go) to the mountains yesterday morning. 5. She _(not visit) her aunt last weekend. She _ (stay) at home and _(do) some cleaning. 6. When _ you _(write) this song? I _(write) it last ye

26、ar. 7_ (be) your mother a sales assistant last year? No. she _.二、翻译下列句子 1 Emma每天都看电视。可是昨天他没有看。Emma _ TV every day. But he _ _ yesterday.2. Jenny喜欢看书。昨晚她看了一本英语书。 Jenny likes _ _. She _ an English book last night. 三、改写句子：1、Lucy did her homework at home.（改否定句）Lucy _ _ her homework at home.2、He found so

27、me meat in the fridge（冰箱）.（变一般疑问句)_ he _ _ meat in the fridge?3、She stayed there for a week.（对划线部分提问）_ _ _ she _ there?4、.I used to be interested in watching TV.(变为一般问句,) _you_to be interested in watching TV.?5.John used to see his grandmother,_?(反意问句)知识讲解一、used to do sth.“used to +do sth”结构表示“过去常常做

28、某事(现在不做了)”，是过去时态，句型转换同过去时态一样，无人称的变化。变否定在use前加didnt, use用原形（也有在used后加not）。变一般问句用Did提问（也有把used提前，用used回答的），后边的use也用原形，用did回答，无人称变化。You/He/I used to be a worker. 我/你/他过去是名工人。You/He/I didnt use(usednt) to be a worker. Did you/he/I use to be a worker.? Yes,I/he/you did. No, I/he/you didnt.Used you go hom

29、e by bus?Yes,I used to.Used to do用于there be句型中：There used to be a tree behind the house.过去房子后面有棵树。注意：，be/get used to +名词/代词/动名词意思为“习惯于做”My mother used to getting up early.我妈妈习惯早起。 ，be used to do(be used for doing sth)意思是“被用来做” Knives are used to cut things.刀是用来切东西的。 Knives are used for cutting thing

30、s.二、“with+名词(宾语)+宾语补足语”结构：这种结构意思“一边着，同时”中宾补可以用分词/不定式/形容词/副词/介词和名词表示。I sleep with my window open.我开着窗睡觉。He went out with his hat on.他着帽子出去了。三、alone和lonelyalone作形容词和副词， “独自、单独”，陈述客观事实，不含感情色彩，独自一人无同伴。 She is alone at home. 她独自一人在家。I like to work alone(=by oneself).我喜欢独自一人工作。alone用作副词时，也可作定语，意为“只有，仅仅”，但

31、必须置于它所修饰的词之后。 He alone was in the secret.只有他一人知道内情。lonely只用作形容词，它在句中既可作定语，也可作表语，表示“孤独的，寂寞的”意思。该词带有浓厚的感情色彩，具有“渴望得到同伴”的含义，lonely还有“偏僻的”之意。 At heart, I”m a lonely man. 内心深处我很孤独。 We never feel lonely in Shanghai. 在上海我们从不感到孤独。I was alone but I didn”t feel lonely. 我独自一人，但我并不感到孤独。I was born in a lonely vil

32、lage.我出生在一个偏僻的村子里。四、die,dead,dying与deathDie不及物动词,结束性动词。不能与How long和“for+时间段”连用。要用be dead才能表示“死了多久” dead是die的形容词。His father has died.他爸爸死了。His father has been dead for 2 years. 他爸爸死了2年了。dying“快要死的”The doctor is saving a dying boy.Death是die的名词，His death made his son very sad.五、worry和worry aboutworry及物

33、动词“使担心”Please dont worry me.请不要让我担心。worry about“为担心”同义短语为be worried about.Dont worry about me.=Dont be worried about me. 不要为我担心。六、notany more相关的短语no longer=not，any longer ,no more，not any more“不再”no longer=notany longer表示时间上“不再” 与延续性动词连用。Im not a student any longer.He knows that he is no longer youn

34、g. 他知道自己不再年轻。no more=not any more表示数量或程度上“不再” 与结束性动词连用He didnt come back any more.他再也没回来。七、Dont you remember me?句型这是否定的一般问句，相当于汉语中的反问句，翻译为：“难道吗？”表示惊讶、责难、建议、看法或赞叹等语气。Cant you see he is only a child? Isnt he cute?这中疑问句的回答只对事实回答,一般yes译做“不”No译做“是的”Havent you read this book before?难道你以前没读过这本书吗?Yes,I have

35、.不,我读过.No,I havent.是的,我没读过.Exercise(unit 2)一、用alone和lonely填空：1.The woman feels_after leaving work.2.He is_in the room,so hes a little afraid.3.I cant go with you,you can go _.4.I was born in a_village. I was _ but I didn”t feel _.一、用所给词的正确形式填空：1. The man was so poor that he couldnt afford_(buy)a bic

36、ycle 2. .His mother looked after him as_(good)as he could.3.He has been_for 3 years. (die)4.Im surprised at his_ (died,dead,dead,death)五.单项选择：1.Mrs Green_go to hospital,but now she is in good health.A.has to B.needs to C.used to D.ought to2.My friend Mario likes playing_football,but I like playing_g

37、uitar. A.the,the B./,/ C./,the D.the,/3.My uncle has just bought a house_a small garden in front of it. A.with B.of C.near D.in4.Have you found your watch_?A.already B.over C.yet D.still5.I really cant hear you clearly with the radio_. A.in B.to C.beside D.on6.There_ low and dirty houses here,but_yo

38、u can see now is a beautiful park.A.csn be,which B.used to be,what C.were,that D.will be,whereUnit 3.Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes.被动语态一、被动语态的意义和用法：英语动词有两种语态：主动词语态和被动语态，主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。 如：Many people speak English.谓语动词speak是由主语many people发出的。 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。如：Engl

39、ish is spoken by many people.主语English是动词speak的承受者。He opened the door.他开了门。(主动句) The door was opened by him.门被开了。(被动句)二、被动语态的构成 被动语态由“助动词bedone（及物动词的过去分词）”构成。句子的人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。 一般现在时：amisaredone(及物动词的过去分词) 一般过去时：wasweredone(及物动词的过去分词) 一般将来时：willshall bedone(及物动词的过去分词) 现在进行时：amisare beingdon

40、e(及物动词的过去分词) 过去进行时：havehas beendone(及物动词的过去分词) 现在完成时：havehas beendone(及物动词的过去分词) 歌诀：被动语态be字变，过去分词跟后面。三、被动语态的用法 (1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。 Some new computers were stolen last night. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。 This book was published in 1981。这本书出版于1981年。 (2)强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。 The window was broken by Mike.窗户是迈克打破的。 T

41、his book was written by him.这本书是他写的。 歌诀：谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没有必要； 动作承受者需强调，被动语态运用到。四、主动语态变被动语态的方法 (1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。 (2)把谓语动词变成被动结构(be过去分词) (be的形式由被动句里主语的人称和数，以及原来主动句中动词的时态来决定)。 (3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。All the people laughed at him.He was laughed at by all people. They make the bikes in the fac

42、tory.The bikes are made in the factory. 歌诀：宾变主，主变宾，by短语后面跟。 谓语动词变被动，be后“过分”来使用。五、含有情态动词的被动语态 含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词be过去分词”构成，原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后“to”仍要保留。如：We should allow teenagers to choose their own clothes.Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes.We can repair this watch in two days

43、. This watch can be repaired by usin two days. You ought to take it away. It ought to be taken away. They should do it at once. It should be done at once. 被动语态练习单选:1.The peoples Republic of China_on October I,1949.A.found B.was founded C.is founded D.was found2.This English song_by the girls after c

44、lass.A.often sings B.often sang C.is often sang D.is often sung3.New computers_all over the world.A.is used B.are using C.are used D.have used4.Our room must_clean.A.keep B.kept C.to be kept D.to keep5.A new house_at the corner of the road.A.is building B.is being built C.been built D.be building6.

45、Doctors_in every part of the world.A.need B.are needing C.are needed D.will need7.Japanese_in every country.A.is not spoken B.are spoken C.is speaking D.is not speaking8.These papers _yet.A.have not written B.have not been written C.has not written D.has not been written9._the watch been repaired ye

46、t?I really need it.A.Does B.Has C.Is D.Are10._these desks be needed?A.will B.Are C.Has D.Do11.Who was the book_?A.write B.wrote C.wriien D.written by12.Where_these boxes made?A.was B.were C.is D.am13.The flowers_often.A.must be water B.must be watered C.must watered D.must water14.The books may_for

47、two weeks.A.be kept B.be borrowed C.keep D.borrow15.Someone broke my window last night.（变被动句） My window_ _last night.知识讲解;一、enough的用法形容词，修饰名词，可放在名词之前或之后（多放在名词前面）He has enough money to buy a big house.He has time enough to get to the airport.副词,可修饰形容词,副词和动词,位于被修饰词之后.He didnt practice enough.My sister

48、 isnt old enough to go to school.I dont know him well enough to ask him for help.二、“get+宾语+宾语补足语”结构：宾语可以是名词或代词，宾补可以是过去分词,动名词,动词不定式和形容词等,I cant get my pronunciation right.我不能使我的发音准确.宾语名词和动名词、动词不定式之间有主谓关系，You should get your friend to help you.你应该请你的朋友帮助你.宾语名词和过去分词之间有动宾关系或被动关系. get sth done“使得，弄得I mus

49、t get my hair cut.我得理发了.Jenny got her ears pierced. Jenny扎了耳孔.三、too,either和also“也”too用于肯定句句末，either用于否定句句末，also用于肯定句句中。I like apples,he likes apples,too.我喜欢苹果，他也喜欢苹果。I dont like apples,he doesnt like apples,either.They also have some questions to ask you.他们也有些问题要问你。四、“So+特殊动词(助动词/连系动词/情态动词)+主语”结构：这一

50、结构可以用来表示与前面提到的情况相同，相当于too.He used to speak English,so did I.他过去讲英语,我也是.They can speak French, So can Li Ping.He goes to school by bike,so do I.(Me,too,I go to school by bike,too)如上下两句都表示否定,把so变为neither或norSun Fei cant swim,Neither can I.（I cant swim,either）If you dont go,neither will I.“So+主语+特殊动词”则

51、表示同意前面的观点.-She works very hard,-So she does.她工作非常努力,的确是这样.五arrive、reach和get“到达”有时还能互换。 、arrive是不及物动词，后接介词at 或in，一般in接大地方，at接小地方，后面如接副词，则不用介词,例如： Do you know what time the plane arrive in Moscow？ They arrived at the station at 8 this morning. 他们今天早晨八点到达车站的。 Her mother saw her when she arrived home .她

52、到家时她妈妈看见了她。 reach是及物动词，直接接宾语，无须介词，例如： When she reached home，her mother asked，“Have you got everything？”They reached Beijing on February 17.他们于二月十七日到达北京。 .get不及物动词，后接的介词to，后面如接副词，则不用介词to。例如： I get to school at about 7：30 every day， I get homethere at 5：00 in the afternoon. Mr Green arrived in /got to

53、/reached Wuhan last night. 六、until和till until连词，和till同义“直到为止”其后接时间状语(从句或短语),肯定句中动词应该是延续性动词,表示动作从开始一直到后边时间到达才停止。Ill stay with you until your mother comes back.（stay为延续性动词）He studied very late until 2 am last night.昨晚他学习很晚只到凌晨2点才不学习否定“notuntil”“直到才”表示动作直到后边时间到达才开始。He didnt go to bed until 12 oclock.直到

54、12点他才睡觉。 当主句是将来时态时,until引导的时间状语从句要用一般现在时态. We are going to the Great Wall if it doesnt rain tomorrow.七strictbe strict with sb. “对某人要求严格”,be strict in sth.“在某一方面严格”Our teacher is strict with us and she is strict in her work,too.八、haveoff“放假休息,不上班”off“休息，不工作”The teacher gave me three days off.Im ill s

55、o Ill take the afternoon off.九、I dont think sixteen-year-olds should be allowed to drive.当主语是一人称I或we,谓语动词是think,believe,guess,expect等,其后从句的否定要转移到主句上, 翻译时按汉语习惯译做从句否定.I dont think he is a good student,is he?Yes.he is.（不，他是个好学生）我认为他不是个好学生,对吗?不,他是个好学生.sixteen-year-old是复合形容词“16岁的”注意year不变复数.Two-month hol

56、iday,两个月的假期a sixty-pound stone60磅的石头sixteen-year-olds是复合名词相当于sixteen-year-old teenagers,注意有复数形式.十、a pair of “一对，一双”，用来修饰两个部分构成的物品trousers ,glasses,shoes等， 由pair短语做主语时，谓语动词要与pair的数一致。e.g:I want to buy a pair of socks.There are two pairs of shoes under the bed.A pair of glasses is what I want.十一、succe

57、ss,succeed, successful和successfully都有“成功”的意思。success名词“成功” Do you have any success in playing basketball?succeed动词“成功”He will succeed if he tried hard.successful形容词“成功的”He is a successful man.successfully副词“成功地”She finished her work successfullyUnit 4 what would you do?语法复习 一、虚拟语气英语动词有三种语气：陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。虚拟语气表达一种不可能实现的愿望、假设或与真实相反的情况，相当于汉语中的“要是”，虚拟语气的构成就是“时态往前推一格”。 What would you do if I you had a million dollars? 如果你有100万美元你将用来干什么？主句would do用过去将来时态,从句had一般过去时态。