非谓语动词讲解(超全)

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1、非谓语动词复习非谓语动词： a.动词不定式 to dob.现在分词/动名词doingc.过去分词done概述：1.谓语动词：在句子中担任谓语的动词2. 非谓语动词：是动词的特殊形式，在句中可以作除谓语外的所有成分(有一个特殊情况：过去分词不具备名词性，所以补充当主语或宾语。)非谓语动词使用条件：一个简单句中有且只有一个谓语动词一个句子当中，已经存在一个谓语动词，又没有连词的情况下,应使用非谓语动词。She got off the bus, leavi ng her handbag on her seat.She got off the bus,but left her han dbag on

2、her seat.所有的非谓语动词的否定都是在其前面加NOT动词不定式一.动 词 不 定 式 的 变 体动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，由不定式符号 (to)加动词原形构成。不定式的形式有五种：主动被动一般式完成式进行式例如：I like to read English.例如： He seemed to be reading something at that time.例如： He seemed to have clea ned the room.例如： The work is to be done soon.例如： The boy is said to have been sent to h

3、ospital yesterday.二.动词不定式的用法I. 作主语To see is to believe. Not to get there in time is your fault.注：常用it做形式主语，将to do 放在位于之后，使句子保持平衡。It is a great enjoyme ntto spe nd our holiday in the moun tains.句型3 : It is + adj + for sb to do sth（是形容事物的性质的）It is + adj + of sb to do sth（是形容人的品质的）It is easy for me to

4、finish this work before ten.Its impolite of you to speak to the teacher like that.接不定式做宾语 I want to kn ow this matter.（1） 常见动词有：like, dema nd, expect, promise, beg in, determ ine, refuse, offer,fail,man age,lear n,seem,refuse, pla n, afford, wish等（2）it 作形式宾语I fin d/feel to work with him in teresti n

5、gwith him3. I feel it my duty to cha nge all that.law.下列词接动名词和不定式均可，但意义不同的动词:stop to do停下来去做forget to do忘记要做remember to do记得要做regret to do遗憾要做try to do企图做，尽力做go on to do继续做（另一件事）mean to do打算做In some parts of London, miss ing a bus mea nsintend, forget, want, prepare, prete nd,I fin d/feel it in tere

6、sti ng to work2. We think it important to obey thestop doing 停止做forget doing忘记做过remember doing记得做过regret doing后悔做过try doing 试着做go on doi ng继续做（同一件事）mean doing意味做for ano ther hour.Await ingB to wait ingC waitD to be wait ingBoys, dont forgetthe win dows before you leave the classroom.A. closi ng B. c

7、losed C. to closi ngD. to closeShe reached the top of the hill and stoppedon a big rock.A. to have restedB. resti ng C. to restRememberthe lights whe n you leave the office.A. to turn offB. turni ng offC. turn offd般说来，介词后接动词通常应是动名词。但是介词D. restD. to turning offbut（except 也一样）却比较特殊，其后接动词时，可以接不定式，并且这个不

8、定式可以带to也可以不带to， 前有do,后无toI have no choice but to wait.:1. 当其前的谓语含有实义动词do（可以是各种形式）时，其后的不定式通常不带to :She will do any thi ng but play chess.她除了下棋外什么都愿干。他一整天除了看电视什么也没做。He did nothing all day except watch TV.2. 当其前的谓语没有某种形式的实义动词do时，其后的不定式通常要带to :They had no choice but to obey.他们别无选择只有服从。He wan ted nothing

9、but to stay here.他除了想呆在这里外，其他什么也不想。3. 当其前含有实义动词 do但不是用作谓语时，其后的不定式带不带to均可，但以不带to为多:只好离开。除了等没有其他的办法。之后接不带 to 的不定式There s nothing to do but （to） leave.There was nothing to do but （to） wait.4. 在 cannot but, cannot choose/help butI can tdo anything but go out with her.III.作宾语补足语1.1get some one to repair

10、the recorder for you.2. What caused him to cha nge his mind?advise, allow, ask, beg, cause,expect, en courage,force, get, hate, in viteorder, wish , want,warn, remind, promise, permit, persuade, request+sb.to do注意：（1 ）在动词 feel （一感），hear, listen to（二听），have, let, make（三让），notice, see, watch, observe,

11、 look at（五看）（即：吾看三室两厅一感觉 ）等后面的补足语中，不定式不带to，但变为被动语态后， 必须带to。如：They saw the boy fall off the tree.The boy was see n to fall off the tree.（2）help后面作宾语补足语的不定式可以带to,也可以不带to.I often help him（ to）clean the room.I helped him （to） find his things.He is ofte n heard to sing the song.Though he ofte n made his

12、deskmate cry, today he was made to cry by hisdeskmate.3） IV .作定语不定式所修饰的词前面有序数词，形容词最高级或only修饰She is always the last to leave the room不定式为不及物动词且和所修饰的名词是动宾关系时，须加介词to write onhave someth ing importa nt to say. Please find a piece of paper.Excuse me,could I use your pen for a moment? I have no pen to wri

13、te with不定式主表被问题I have a lot of homework to do.V.作状语不定式作状语可以表示目的、结果、原因。I came here to see you.He hurried to the school to find nob 出乎意料的结果）We were very excited to hear the news.（常见形容词后常用不定式）对比 To learn En glish well, he n eeds a good dicti on ary.不定式的主动形式表示被动意义I have someth ing importa nt to do. In t

14、he accide nt, the driver was to blame. This questi on is difficult to an swer. The box is n ot easy to carry.动名词动名词/现在分词的基本构成主动语态被动语态一般式元成式No one likes bein g laughed at.I don remember having ever been given a chanee to do it.二.doi ng 的功用 Smoking does great harm to people s health.（作主语） It is no use

15、 crying. It is no good object ing My job is looking after childre n.（作表语） I have fini shed readi ng the no vel.（作宾语）（4） We have got a swimming pool in our school.（做定语）常见的动词有：admit, advise, suggest, avoid, con sider, delay, deny, excuse,fini sh, imagi ne, in clude, keep（ on）, min d, , practice, miss,

16、 resist.短语：be/get used to ,be accustomed to,can t help/stop, can t stand , give up,feel like, look forward to, get dow n to, havedifficulty/trouble （in ）,be busy（in ）,put offe.g. She sat there without speakingdoing 主动表被动： The room wants clea niqg The method n eeds improving. This pair of shoes requi

17、re mending. The questio n is well worth _discussing(discuss)d )动词 “ like, love, hate, prefer后接动名词表示习惯性动作”,后接不定式表示 心理或一次具体动作 ”。例如：I likeswim ming, but I don t like to swim this after noondoi ng的复合结构动名词前可以加一个物主代词或名词所有格来表示这个动名词逻辑上的主语，构成动名词的复合结构或动名词短语a. 动名词复合结构作主语时一般用名词所有格或形容词性的物主代词。例如：Nixon s visiting

18、China marked a new year between U.S. and China diplomaticrelatio ns.尼克松访问中国标志着中美外交关系进入一个新的时代Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us.b. 在口语和非正式语体中，只要丕是作主语，动名词复合结构中的逻辑主语常采用名词通格或人称代词宾格。例如：The doctor does not mind me /my eating a little meat occas ion ally.分词(一)分词的作用现在分词表示：主动，动作正在进行。过去分词表示：

19、被动，动作已经完成。1 .作定语Do you know the boy sta ndin g at the gate?Have you read the book writte n by Lu Xun?2 .作表语We are excited at the n ews.The n ews he told us is excit ing.3作宾语补足语I heard him sin ging a song in the classroom.We found the gro und covered with snow.4 .作状语While lying in bed, he liste ned t

20、o some music.Seen from the hill, the village looks move beautiful.分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语就是句子的主语，否则分词前面必须有自己的主语。现在分词与过去分词在作状语的区别：现在分词表主动进行，过去分词表被动完成1. (Seeing/seen) from the top of the tower, we can see a beautiful factory.(See in g/see n) from the top of the tower, the factory looks beautiful.2. (Hearing/hea

21、rd)the badnews,they couldn t help crying.(Whentheyheard the bad n ews)3. (Giving/Given) more time, we could do it better. (If they had been givenmore atte nti on)4.1 stood by the door, not dari ng to say a word.Being so angry, he couldn t go to sleep. (Because he was so angry)They came into the clas

22、sroom,singing and laugh ing. (and they were singinglaugh ing)To serve the people well,L study hard.(In order to serve the people well)独立主格结构在句法功当分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语不同时，带逻辑主语的分词短语成为独立主格结构，能上起状语作用。例如：Weather permitt ing, they will go and visit the scie nee museum.The meeti ng being over, they all left the r

23、oom.Given more time, we could do it better.The moon appeari ng, they decided to go on with their jour ney.由There being + 主语 这种结构多表示原因。例如：There being a lot of books to read, he often studied till midnight.with +复合宾语结构(1 ) with +名词/代词+形容词(2 ) with +名词/代词+副词with the lights on.(3 ) with +名词/代词+ 介词短语(4 )

24、 with +名词/代词+ -ing 分词Don t speak with your mouth full.The square looks more beautiful than everHe was asleep with his head on his arms.She felt very n ervous with so many peoplelook ing at her.With the old man leading, the two started toward the mountains.(5 ) with + 名词 / 代词 + 不定式 With five minutes

25、to go before the last train left, we arrived here.(6 ) with + 名词 / 代词 + -en 分词 With his matter settled, we left the room.【2012 全国卷 II 】10. Tony lent me the money,that I d do as much for him.A. hop ingB. to hope C. hopedD. havi ng hoped【2012 全国卷 II 】15. The old man sat in front of the television ever

26、y evening, happyanything that happe ned to be on.A. to watchB. watch ing C. watchedD. to have watched【2012安徽】24. I remembered the door before I left the office,but forgot to turn off the lights.A. locki ngB. to lockC. havi ng lockedD. to have locked【2012 安徽】30. When for his views about his teach ing

27、 job, Philip saidhefound it very in terest ing and reward ing.A. ask ingB. askedC. hav ing askedD. to be asked【2012 重庆】23.to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderfulfilm.A. Having bee n askedB. To ask C. Having asked【2012 重庆】28. We rehavinga m eetingin halfat the meet ing will in flue nee th

28、e future of our compa ny.A. to be madeB. being madeC. madeD. hav ing bee n made【2012 全国】28. The party will be held in the garden, weatherA. permitt ingB. to permitC. permittedD. permit【2012 全国】32. Film has a much shorter history, especially when_ art forms as music and pain ti ng.A. havi ng compared

29、 toC. compare to 【2012 北京】A. corrects【2012A. Use 【2012A. Knock【2012Huangyan北京】北京】D. To be askedan hour. The decisi onsuchB. compari ng to D. compared to23. One lear ns a Ian guage by making mistakes andB. correctC. to correctwith care, one tin will last for six weeks.B. UsingC. Usedat the door befor

30、e you en ter my room, please.B. Knocki ngC. Kno ckedChinarecen tlytighte nedto preve ntChin esefish ing27.31.福建】28.Isla ndthem.D. correct ingD. To useits waters boats fromD. To knockcon trolsn earinthetheSouth Chi na Sea.A. attack ingC. being attacked 【2012 福建】34. Pressed from his pare nts, andthat

31、he has wasted tooB. havi ng attack ingD. havi ng bee n attackedmuch time, the boy is determ ined to stop play ing video games.A. realizi ng 【2012陕西】buy a New iPad.A. Sta nding 【2012陕西】15.B. realizedC. to realize_ in a long queue, we waited for the store to ope n toD. being realizedB. To standC. Stoo

32、d22. If he takes on this work, he will have no choice butD. Sta ndaneven greater challe nge.A. meetsB. meeti ngC. meetD. to meet【2012山东】26. George returned after the war, onlythat his wife hadleft him.A. to be toldB. telli ngC. bei ng toldD. told【2012山东】 35. After completi ng and sig ning it, please

33、 return the form to usin the en velope.A. providi ngB. providedC. havi ng provided【2012 湖南】21. We ve had a good start, but next, more work needs achieve the final success.A. being done 【2012 湖南】A. to use【2012 湖南】D. provide toD. to doB. doC. to be done23. Time,correctly, is money in the bank.B. usedC

34、. usingD. use31. The lecture,at 7:00 pm last ni ght, was followed by anobservatio n of the moon with telescopes.A. startingB. being startingC. to startD. to bestarted【2012 天津】11. He got up late and hurried to his office,the breakfastun touched.A. leftB. to leaveC. leavi ngD. havi ng left【2012 江西】33.

35、 Having finished her project, she was invited by the schoolto the new stude nts.A. speakingB. havingspokenC. to speakD. to havespoken【2012 江西】35. Joh n has really got the job because he showed me the officialletterhim it.A. offeredB. offeri ngC. to offerD. to be offered【2012 辽宁】25. The old couple of

36、ten take a walk after super in the park withtheir pet dog.A. to followB. followi ngC. followedD. follows【2012 辽宁】 29. This machine is very easy. Anybody can learn to useit in a few minu tes.A. operat ingB. to be operati ngC. operatedD. to operate【2012 四川】6. Tom took a taxi to the airport, onlyhis pl

37、ane high up inthe sky.A. findingB. to findC. being foundD. to have found【2012 四川】8. I looked up and noticed a sn akeits way up the tree tocatch its breakfast.A. to windB. windC. windingD. wound【2012四川】 12. Before drivi ng into the city, you are required to get your car.A. washedB. washC. wash ingD.

38、to wash【2012 浙江】3. No matter how bright a talker you are, there are times when it sbettersile nt.A. rema inB. be remai ningC. hav ingrema inedD. toremai n【2012 浙江】8. I thi nk Tom, as the head of a big departme nt, should eitherstudy regularly orhis job.A. quitsB. to quitC. quitt ingD. quit【2012 浙江】11.“ It s such a nice place, ” Mother said as she sat at the tablefor customers.A. to be reservedB. havingreservedC. reservingD.reserved【答案】D【2012 江苏】 31. an importa ntdecisi on more on emoti ontha nonreas on, you will regret it soon or later.A. BasedB. BasingC. BaseD. To base