翻译二级口译实务-38

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1、翻译二级口译实务 -38（ 总分： 102.00 ，做题时间： 90 分钟 ）一、BPart I /B（总题数：2，分数：52.00）1.My wife Nane and I are both extremely happy to be with you today. I feel truly proud to belong to this extraordinary class of 2004, and I ampleased to see that so many parents and family members were here today. The day belongs to

2、them, too. Without their constant support, understanding and sacrifice, none of us could have achieved what we have. For me, to receive a degree from Harvard is a very great honor indeed. There are few countries in the world whose leaders in public life, business, science and the humanities have not

3、 had some association with Harvard and no countrythat has not benefited from Harvards outstanding contributions to human knowledge. /You have invited me, I know, not as an individual, but as Secretary-General of the United Nations. You are saying that the United Nations matters, and that you want to

4、 hear what we have to say.Are you fight in believing that the UN matters? I think you are, because the UN offers the best hope of a stable world and a broadly equitable world order, based on generally accepted rules. That statement has been much questioned in the past year. But recent events have re

5、affirmed, and even strengthened, its validity. A rule-based system is in the interest of all countries especially today. Globalization has shrunk the world. The very openness, which is such an important feature of todays most successful societies, makes deadly weapons relatively easy to obtain, and

6、terrorists relatively difficult to restrain. /Today, the strong feel almost as vulnerable to the weak as the weak feel vulnerable to the strong. So it is in the interest of every country to have international rules and to abide by them. And such a system can only work if, in devising and applying th

7、e rules, the legitimate interests of all countries are accommodated, and decisions are reached collectively. That is the essence of multilateralism, and the founding principle of the United Nations. All great American leaders have understood this. That is one of the things that make this country suc

8、h a unique world power. America feels the need to frame its policies, and exercise its leadership, not just in the light of its own particular interests, but also with an eye to international interests, and universal principles. /Amongthe finestexamples of this was the plan for reconstructingEurope

9、after World War n, whichGeneral Marshall announced here at Harvard in 1947. That was one part of a larger-scale and truly statesmanlike effort, in which Americans joined with others to build a new internationalsystem asystem which worked, by and large, and which survives, in its essentials, nearly 6

10、0 years later. During those 60 years, the United States and its partners developed the United Nations, built an open world economy, promoted human rights and decolonization, and supported the transformation of Europe into a democratic, cooperative community of states, such that war between them has

11、become unthinkable. /（分数： 27.00 ）正确答案： （今天，我和我的夫人娜内非常高兴与各位共聚一堂。成为出色的 2004 届学生中的一员，我非 常自豪，也很高兴在这里见到这么多家长和亲友。这个日子也属于他们。如果没有他们不断支持、理解和 牺牲，我们没有人会取得今天的成绩。对我来说，获得哈佛大学学位实在是莫大的荣誉。世界上没有几个 国家的政界、商界、科学界和人文学科领导人与哈佛毫无联系，没有哪个国家未曾受益于哈佛对人类知识 的杰出贡献。 / 我知道，我不是以个人身份，而是作为联合国秘书长受到邀请的。你们是在表明联合国至 关重要，你们想听到我的讲话。你们认为联合国至关重要

12、，这样想对吗?我认为是对的，因为联合国给了我们最大的希望来缔造一个基于公认规则的稳定世界和广泛公平的世界秩序。在过去的一年中，这个说法颇 受质疑。但是，我认为，最近发生的一些事件再次证明甚至增强了这一说法的正确性。一个基于规则的体 系符合所有国家的利益，在今天更是如此。全球化使世界变小。正是“开放”这个当今最成功社会的 重要特征导致致命武器比较容易获得，恐怖分子相对难以控制。 / 今天，弱者觉得容易受到强者的伤害， 而强者几乎同样觉得容易受到弱者的伤害。因此，拥有并恪守国际规则符合每个国家的利益。在制定和运 用规则时，要兼顾各国的合法利益，集体做出决定，唯有如此，这一体系才能起作用。这是多边主

13、义的实 质所在，也是联合国的创建原则。所有伟大的美国领导人都认识到这一点。这个国家成为了独一无二的世 界强国，原因之一即在于此。美国感到需要在制定政策和发挥领导作用时不仅考虑到自身的特殊利益，还 要着眼于国际利益和普遍原则。 / 在这方面最好的例证就是第二次世界大战之后的欧洲重建计划，而马歇 尔将军 1947 年就是在哈佛宣布这一计划的。 这个计划属于一个规模更大且真正具有政治家风范的举措， 美 国与其他国家携手创建了新的国际体系， 这个体系总体而言行之有效， 其核心内容近六十年后仍具生命力。 在这六十年里，美国及其合作伙伴创建了联合国，构建了开放的世界经济，倡导人权，推动非殖民化，支 持欧洲

14、转变成国家间的民主合作共同体。于是，这些国家之间爆发战争已成为不可思议的事情。 /) 解析：2.If you thought multimedia was something to be enjoyed in the privacy of your home, think again.Banks are on the frontier of the information superhighway because they spend more on thetechnology than any other type of civilian business.Take the case of

15、J. P. Morgan, Americas fourth largest bank by assets. It has developed a system whereby deals and documents can be finalized quickly on the computer screen with the help of an electronic pen. Its securities analysts in London and traders in Tokyo can talk to each other via the same screen. And clien

16、ts trust can be built up, and deals completed, faster than via a telephone line which carries no pictures.The new electronic gizmos are currently being introduced into Morgans trading departments inNew York, but eventually they will be used around the world-Aisa included. They make it economically p

17、ossible to establish small dealing rooms in capitals such as Kuala Lumpur and Bangkok, while concentrating Morgans expensive back-office functions in Singapore.Morgans pioneering effort illustrates how United States banks are using high technology and large amounts of capital to lever their way into

18、 Asian markets.Rivals in Europe and Japan are doing so too, but they do not have the same access to the vastpool of saving available to American banks. US Pension Fund assets, for example, total US $4.4 trillion, more than three times the size of Japans.US institutions are in the best position to ac

19、t as a bridge between the growing capital demandsof Asia and the supply of investment from the rest of the world. The bridge, of course, couldwobble badly, as it did in the Latin American debt crisis of the 1980s, but this is hard to imagine in the 1990s when the economic fundamentals in Asia look s

20、o favorable.It took American banks almost a decade to emerge from the Latin American rubble, but they are now formidable competitor. They have written off nonperforming loans and cut payrolls far more boldly than their Japanese counterparts, which are still dogged by soured loans to spendthrift prop

21、erty speculators in Japan.The US commercial banks toughest rivals in Asian cross-border business are more likely to betheir investment-bank compatriots rather than the Japanese, and the capital markets of Asia, as elsewhere, will be their battleground.The big five US banks Citibank, Bank of America,

22、 Chemical, Morgan and Chase Manhattan, enjoy the advantage of being big. Compared with firms such as Salomon Brothers and Goldman Sachs, the big five are bigger in most senses of the word. They have more capital, more staff and more branches worldwide through which to distribute corporate issues.Wha

23、t remains to be seen is whether they have trading and deal-making ability to compete with investment hanks.分数： 25.00 ) 正确答案： （ 如果你认为多媒体只是可以在家中单独享用的东西， 你应该再想一想。 银行处在“信息高速公 路”的前沿，因为它们对这种技术比任何其他类型的民用企业投资更多。 以资产在美国银行中排列第四的 摩根公司为例。它开发了一种系统，借助一支电子笔就能在计算机屏幕上快速完成交易和文件。公司在伦 敦的证券分析员以及在东京的交易商可以通过同一屏幕进行交谈。建立客户信

24、用、成交都比通过电话线路 要快，何况电话还无法传送图像。 这种电子新玩意儿，目前正被引入到摩根公司在纽约的交易所采用，最 终会在包括亚洲在内的全球范围内使用。这样一来，就可以在吉隆坡和曼谷等首都建立较经济的小型交易 室，而把摩根公司开销大的事务部门集中在新加坡。 摩根公司开拓性的举措表明，美国银行正在利用高科 技和大量资金来打开亚洲市场。 欧洲和日本的竞争对手们也在这么干，但它们不像美国银行那样，能够得 到大量的储蓄资金。例如，美国养老基金资产总计达四万四千亿美元，是日本的三倍多。 美国机构在亚洲 日益增长的资金需求和世界其他地区可提供的资金之间充当桥梁最为合适。当然，这座桥梁也可能摇晃， 就

25、像二十世纪八十年代拉美债务危机发生时那样，但在二十世纪九十年代亚洲经济基本条件如此良好的情 况下，难以想象这种类似事情还会发生。 美国银行花了近十年的时间才从拉丁美洲的窘境中逃脱出来，但 它们现在已经成为强大的竞争者。它们处理了坏账，削减员工，做得比日本同行们更大胆。日本银行因无 法从挥金如土的房地产投机商那儿收回贷款而陷入了困境。 美国商业银行在亚洲跨境业务中最棘手的竞争 对手很可能不是日本人，而是它们本国投资银行的同胞。亚洲的资本市场，像其他地方一样，将成为他们 争夺的战场。 美国最大的五家银行花旗银行、美洲银行、美华银行、摩根银行、大同银行，其优势在 于庞大。与所罗门兄弟公司和高盛公司这

26、样的企业相比，五大银行在许多方面确确实实要比他们大：他们 拥有更多的资本，更庞大的员工队伍，在世界上有更多的分行，并可以通过这些分行销售公司证券。 拭目 以待的是它们是否有很强的交易能力来与投资银行竞争。 ） 解析： 解析 本文是一段有关美国银行在亚洲拓展金融业务的讲话。文中主要以摩根公司为例，讲述了美 国银行利用高科技、大量资本和庞大的员工队伍与亚洲对手，主要是日本，展开竞争，开拓亚洲市场。 本 文要求应试者了解世界银行业的发展，掌握一定的银行业专门词汇和表达方式，这有赖于应试者平时的知 识积累，是翻译的基本要求。此外，应试者还需要在短时间内，对长难句进行正确的理解、分析、简化或 切分，把握

27、好两种语言各自特色，完成双语间的转换；对于些较为生僻的短语和表达法，不能死译、硬 译，而应该充分联系上下文灵活变通，使译文通顺流畅。 基本素质采分点 以下单词或短语是本文所要 考查的基础知识点，涉及相关知识领域的专门名词和一些惯用表达法，是应试者理解和翻译的基础。1 information superhighway信息高速公路 2J. P. Morgan 摩根公司 3 Citibank 花旗银行 4Bankof America 美洲银行 5 Chemical 美华银行 6 Chase Manhattan 大同银行 7 Salomon Brothers所罗门兄弟公司 8 Goldman Sach

28、s 高盛公司 结构理解采分点 下面是本文中出现的长难句，要求应试者在 听的过程中理解并分析出句子所包含的意群之间的逻辑关系，尊重目的语特点，将原文转换成通顺、地道 的目的语。在转换的过程中，应试者需要完成诸如语序调整、词类转换、语态转换等翻译过程。1It hasdeveloped a system whereby deals and documents can be finalized quickly on the computer screen with the help of an electronic pen.原句包含一个“ whereby”弓I导的关系从句，翻译时，可直接省略关系词；后

29、面的从句使用被动语态，用物来做主语，转换成汉语时最好变为主动语态；“ with ”引导的方 式状语，按照汉语的习惯，需要放在所修饰动词的前面。 2And clients trust can be built up, and deals completed, faster than via a telephone line which carries no pictures. 原句包含一个由“ which” 弓导的关系从句，修饰“ telephone ”。翻译时，可以重复先行词，将关系从句与主句并列，也可将从句译 成短语放在所修饰的成分前面。3The bridge, of course, cou

30、ld wobble badly, as it did in the LatinAmerican debt crisis of the 1980s, but this is hard to imagine in the 1990s when the economic fundamentals in Asia look so favorable.原句的主干是由“ but”连接起来的并列复句，前一个分句中包含一个由“ as”引导的状语从句，后一个句子中有一个由“ when引导的关系从句，修饰“ the 1990s”。“as it did中，“ did 是为了避免重复而代替上文中的实义动词“wobbl

31、e” ；翻译后一个分句时，应当把时间状语提前到谓语动词结构之前。4They have written off nonperforming loans and cut payrollsfar more boldly than their Japanese counterparts, which are still dogged by soured loans to spendthrift property speculators in Japan.原句是一个主从复合句，包含一个由“ which ”弓丨导的非限定性关系从句，修饰“ counterparts ”。由于与主句关系较远，一般可以单独切分

32、成一个从句或单句， 而不必变为前置定语；非限定性关系从句中使用的是被动语态，在翻译时，应按照汉语的习惯转换成主动 语态。 5They have more capital, more staff and more branches worldwide through which to distributecorporate issues.原句包含一个由“ which弓I导的关系从句，修饰“ branches。由于信息量大，翻译 时可以重复先行词，将其变成一个从句，与主句并列即可。 言语表达采分点 应试者不仅需要从宏观上 整体把握原文的结构和意思，还需要从微观上正确理解和运用一些重要词汇和表达法。

33、1gizmos 新玩意儿 2 . back-office functions 事务部门 3 . lever their way into 打开市场 4 . have access to 能够得到 5 available to 可以得到 6in the best position 最为合适 7 write off nonperforming loans 注销坏账 8 cross-border business 跨境业务 9 rather than 而不是 10 deal-making ability 交易 能力二、BPart n /B（总题数：2，分数：50.00）3. 下面你将听到一段回忆邓小

34、平同志的发言。上个世纪 70 年代末， 我参加了第四次全国文代会， 大会上小平同志致辞时获得的长时间的热烈掌声给我留 下了极深的印象。这次大会是文艺界经历十年浩劫后的第一次盛会，也是小平同志复出后第一次代表党中 央、国务院同广大文艺工作者见面。1960 年的第三次文代会后，文艺界一直处于“多事之秋”。由于林彪、“四人帮”推行极“左”路线，许 多有杰出贡献的作家、艺术家相继被打成“走资派”或“反动权威”，受到打击，有的被迫害致死。许多 本来优秀的作品或正确的理论观点，被扣上“毒草”的帽子，受到批判清剿。经过十多年的折腾，文艺界 已经溃不成军了。小平同志的“致辞”就是代表中央对文艺界重新估价，也是

35、来为文艺工作者鼓劲的。我记得，小平同志一 走到讲台，全场就响起雷鸣般的掌声。此后在小平同志的整个讲话里，全场一次次地响起热烈的、暴风雨 般的掌声。记得很多年前， 塔斯社在发表苏联领导人讲话时， 在每个段落之后都要用括号标明“掌声”、 “热烈掌声”、 “暴风雨般的掌声”、“雷鸣般的掌声”，来表现演讲效果。后来听说，有些不完全符合事实。但是，用 这些词形容小平同志的讲话，确实是一点也不过分，那些掌声确实是非常真诚和由衷的。（分数： 25.00 ） 正确答案： (参考译文 Towards the end of the 1970s, I attended the 4th National Confer

36、ence on Culture and Art Work. The long and enthusiastic ovation Comrade Deng Xiaoping received during his speech left a deep impression on me. This was the first culture and art gathering after the disastrous decade of cultural revolution, and also Dengs first meeting with the countrys culture and a

37、rt workers on behalf of the Party Central Committee and the State Council after his latest comeback. After the 3rd national conference in 1960, Chinas culture and art circles had been under the grips of bad luck. Lin Biao and the Gang of Four, in their push for the extremist Left line, turned many g

38、ifted writers, artists into capitalist readers and reactionary authority, brutalizing them, even killing some of them. Many otherwise good works of art or correct theoretical propositions were castigated as poisonous weeds. The decade left behind a terrible ruin in Chinas culture and art.Dengs speec

39、h at the conference represented the rehabilitation of Chinas culture work. It was also a morale booster to the culture and artworkers. I remember that as Xiaoping approached thepodium, a big round of thunderous applause was heard in the auditorium. And as he went on, his speech was interrupted again

40、 and again by warm and thunderous applauses.I remember many years ago when TASS reported on Soviet leaders speeches, it would mark the end of every paragraph with bracketed applause, warm applause, tumultuous applause, thunderous applause or other descriptions to highlight the result. They were not

41、exactly truthful as I learned later. But, to use these words to describe Comrade Deng Xiaopings speech at that conference was highly accurate. These applauses were indeed sincere and heartfelt.) 解析： 解析 本文是回忆邓小平同志的发言。本文要求应试者具有相关中国政治方面的概念常识，能够正确理解并翻译 某些术语，这些知识构成基本素质的考查点。此外，应试者还需根据英语语言习惯，重新整理中文句子结 构，在此

42、基础上，应试者要灵活处理对某些单词或短语的翻译，使之不仅正确，还应符合上下文语境的要 求。基本素质采分点1全国文代会 National Conference on Culture and Art Work2十年浩劫 the disastrous decade of cultural revolution3党中央 Party Central Committee4国务院 the State Council5四人帮 Gang of Four6走资派 capitalist roader7塔斯社 TASS8苏联的 Soviet 结构理解采分点 1大会上小平同志致辞时获得的长时间的热烈掌声给我留下了极深的

43、印象。根据原句的含义， 可确定译文主干部分使用 leave impression on 结构，依据该词组可确定句中相应的其它成分。 因此，原句可译为“ The long and enthusiastic ovation Comrade DengXiaoping received during his speech left a deep impression on me ” 2这次大会是文艺界经历十年浩劫后的第一次盛会，也是小平同志复出后第一次代表党中央、国务院同广大文艺工作者见面。该句可按照中文句子的正常语序翻译，原句后半部分的动词短语“同见面”可用做名词短语译为分句 的主语，以适应 on

44、behalf of 结构的要求。有时，根据英文句型的要求，需改变原文中的词性。因此，原 句可译为“ This was the first culture and art gathering after the disastrous decade of cultural revolution, and also Dengs first meeting with the countrys culture and art workers on behalf of the Party Central Committee and the State Council after his latest co

45、meback ” 3由于林彪、 “四人帮”推行极“左”路线， 许多有杰出贡献的作家、 艺术家相继被打成“走资派”或“反 动权威”，受到打击，有的被迫害致死。 该句译文将原有的汉语松散结构重新调整，信息重整后确定为简单句结构，使译文结构紧凑。有时，根据 中文句子松散的特点，可打破原有语序，重新组合结构。因此，原句可译为“ Lin Biao and the Gang of Four, in their push for the extremist Left line, turned many gifted writers, artists intocapitalist roaders and re

46、actionary authority, brutalizing them， even killing some of them” 4经过十多年的折腾，文艺界已经溃不成军了。该句译文需重组原句成分，将“经过”状语短语中的十多年用作全句主语，并增加谓语部分短语“leave behind ”，这样译句结构紧凑、地道。因此，原句可译为“ The decade left behind a terrible ruin in Chinas culture and art”5后来听说，有些不完全符合事实。该句对“后来听说”的处理颇为巧妙，使用了 as 引导的定语从句形式，使全句结构紧凑。即便是口译，译 者也

47、要尽可能使用地道的英文表达方式。这要求译者平时多积累常见句型，as 引导的定语从句形式便是其中一例。因此，原句可译为“ They were not exactly truthful as I learned later”言语表达采分点1留下极深印象 leave deep impression on.2文艺工作者 cultural and art worker3处于“多事之秋” under the grip of bad luck4极左路线 extremist Left line5反动权威 reactionary authority6有杰出贡献的 gifted7清剿 castigate8重新估价

48、 rehabilitation9.为鼓劲 a morale booster10表现效果 highlight the resuke4. 当今是法行天下的时代。国运之兴盛，政治之昌明，社会之稳定，经济之发展，民族之团结，文化之繁 荣，人民之安居乐业，都离不开法律之维系和法律之保障。中国也不例外。 一个国家采取什么样的治国方 略，关系着国家的前途和命运。20 世纪末，拥有十二亿人口的中国向全世界宣示了它的治国方略依法治国，并在此道路上迈出了坚实 的步伐：一个适应社会主义市场经济的法律体系正在发育成熟；一个转变政府职能、严格依法行政的变革 正在有序进行；一场围绕公正与效率的司法体制改革正在不断深化；一

49、项把法律交给亿万人民的宏大社会 工程正在深入持久地进行。诸位知道，实现经济发展，宪法是最重要最根本的法律保障。新中国成立初期，对农业、手工业和资本主 义工商业完成社会主义改造后，公有制成了主要所有制模式，私有经济没有合法的地位；计划经济成了主 要的经济体制模式，企业自身没有经营的自主权；按劳分配成了主要的分配模式，公民没有按劳分配收入 外的其他收入。在这种经济制度下，中国的经济发展非常缓慢。1978 年，中国开始实行改革开放。 1988 年，中国对现行宪法进行第一次修正， 确认了私有经济的合法地位； 1993 年，中国对现行宪法又进行了修正，明确国家实行社会主义市场经济。宪法的变革，促进了公有

50、经济 和私有经济的共同发展，促进了国家综合国力的增强和人民生活的改善，给中国的政治、经济、社会生活 带来了深刻变革。（分数： 25.00 ） 正确答案： (Todays world is based on rule of law. The prosperity of a nation, the flourishing of its political life, the stability of its society, the development of its economy, the unity of its ethnic communities, the thriving of it

51、s culture and the well-being and happiness of its people, all hinge on the maintenance of law and order and the integrity of the legal system. China is no exception. What a nation adopts for its national strategy will have a lot to do with itsfuture and destiny. Towards the end of 20th century, Chin

52、a, a country of 1.2 billion people, made it clear to the world that it would run the country in accordance with law, and has since taken solid steps forward along this path. A system of laws that meets the needs of the socialist market economy is taking shape. A reform that transforms the functions

53、of government and makes administration more strictly law-based is under way in an orderly fashion. A judicial restructuring that aims to ensure greater justice and efficiency is deepening steadily. And a grand social campaign that educates the hundreds of millions in the importance of the law is pro

54、ceeding into greater depth. As you know, the constitution of a country is the most important and most fundamental legal guarantee for its economic development. In the early years of NewChina, public ownership emerged as the dominant form of ownership after the socialist transformation of agriculture

55、, handcraft and capitalist industry and commerce, and the private ownership had no lawful status. Planned economy became the dominant mode of the economy, and enterprises had no right to operate their businesses independently. Distribution according to work became the dominant mode of distribution,

56、and citizens had no income from other sources. Under such an economic system, Chinas economy developed at a snails pace. In 1978, China launched its reform and opening up program. In 1988, the country amended its constitution for the first time, recognizing the lawful status of the private economy.

57、In 1993, it amendedthe constitution again, making it clear that the state practiced the socialist market economy. These amendments have promoted both the public and private sectors of the economy, boosted Chinas comprehensive national strength, improved the quality of life of its people, and brought

58、 profound changes toChinas political, economic and social life.) 解析： 解析 本文主要讨论中国法制建设，深入分析了中国法制建设的思路，说明了法制建设的过程和展 望。本文要求应试者具有相关中国政治方面的概念常识，能够正确理解并翻译某些术语，这些知识构成基 本素质的考查点。此外，应试者还需根据英语语言习惯，重新整理中文句子结构，在此基础上，应试者要 灵活处理对某些单词或短语的翻译， 使之不仅正确， 还应符合上下文语境的要求。 基本素质采分点 1司 法体制改革 judicial restructuring 2 宪法 constitut

59、ion 3 公有制 public ownership 4 计划经济planned economy 5按劳分配 distribution according to work 6改革开放 reform and opening up 7社 会主义市场经济 socialist market economy 结构理解采分点 1 国运之兴盛，政治之昌明，社会之稳 定，经济之发展，民族之团结，文化之繁荣，人民之安居乐业，都离不开法律之维系和法律之保障。 该句 的信息量很大，根据其句式特点和口译对时间的要求，可将句子前部分的七个短语译为并列主语，使句子 最后一部分充当谓宾成分。因此，原句可译为“ The pr

60、osperity of a nation ， the flourishing of its political life，the stability of its society，the development of its economy，the unity of itsethnic communities ，the thriving of its culture and the well-being and happiness of its people ， all hinge on the maintenance of law and order and the integrity of

61、 the legal system ” 2一 项把法律交给亿万人民的宏大社会工程正在深入持久地进行。该句先确定主语部分为“宏大社会工程”， 中文句子有时前置定语过长，翻译时需要使用定语从句、非谓语动词短语等形式变为后置定语。因此，原 句可译为“ And a grand social campaign that educates the hundreds of millions in the i mportance of the law is proceeding into greater depth ” 3 新中国成立初期，对农业、手工业和资本主义工 商业完成社会主义改造后，公有制成了主要所有

62、制模式，私有经济没有合法的地位。 该句需要根据原文的 逻辑特点，最后一部分分句与前面部分意思相对松散，确定使用并列句的句式，并将句中“对改造后”的译文放在分句主干结构后面，以突出句子的主要结构和内容，这与汉语将修饰部分往往前置的特点恰恰 相反。因此，原句可译为“ In the early years of NewChina， public ownership emerged as the dominant form of ownership after the socialist transformation of agriculture ， handcraft and capitalist

63、industry and commerce ，and the private ownership had no lawful status” 4 1998年，中国对现行宪法进行第一次修正，确认了私有经济的合法地位。为使译文紧凑，使用简单句表达，原结构中另一 个动词短语“确认”以分词短语形式出现，在句中做状语。因此，原句可译为“In 1988, the countryamendedits constitution for the first time ，recognizing the lawful status of the private economy 5宪法的变革，促进了公有经济和私有经济

64、的共同发展，促进了国家综合国力的增强和人民生活的改善， 给中国的政治、经济、社会生活带来了深刻变革。该句信息量大，根据多为动宾词组的特点，可考虑使用 并列谓语。因此，原句可译为“ These amendments have promoted both the public and private sectors of the economy, boosted Chinas comprehensive national strength， improved the quality of lifeof its people ，and brought profound changes to Chin

65、as political， economic and social life ”言语表达采分点 1 治国方略 national strategy 2 依法治国 run the country in accordance with law 3转变政府职能 transform the functions of the government 4严格依法行政 makeadministration strictly law-based 5 正在进行 be under way 6 公正与效率 justice and efficiency 7经营自主权 right to operate business independently 8发展非常缓慢 develop at a snails