句子成分及基本句型Word
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1、句子成分及基本句型一、考点、热点回顾【句子的成分】在英文中句子成分包括:主语、谓语、宾语(直接宾语、间接宾语)、表语、定语和状语、宾语补足语等。(1) 主语:主语是谓语讲述的对象,表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。它在句首。如:(1) Lucyisabeautifulnurse.(名词作主语)(2) Hereadsnewspaperseveryday.(代词作主语)(3) Smokingisharmfultothehealth.(动名词作主语)(4) ToswiminKunmingLakeisagreatpleasure.(不定式作主语)(5
2、) Whatweshoulddoisnotyetdecided.(主语从句作主语)(二)谓语说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”。谓语(谓语部分里主要的词)必须是动词。谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。它在主语后面。如:Hisparentsareteachers.(系动词和表语一起作谓语) Westudyhard.(行为动词作谓语)Wedontfinishreadingthebook(助动词和行为动词一起作谓语)整理为word格式HecanspeakEnglish.(情态动词和行为动词一起作谓语)(三)宾语宾语是动作、行为的对象,由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任,它和及物
3、动词一起说明主语做什么。一般放在谓语之后。Sheisdoingherhomeworknow.(名词作宾语)Shesays(that)sheisill.(宾语从句作动词宾语)Weoftenhelphim.(代词作宾语)Helikestoplaybasketball.(不定式作宾语)Weenjoylisteningtothemusic.我们喜欢听音乐。(动名词短语作宾语)说明1:宾语是及物动词涉及到的人或物,宾语一般放在及物动词之后。介词后面的名词或代词或动名词,称为介词宾语。名词、代词、数词常在句中做动词宾语或介词宾语。另外,动词不定式可作动词宾语;动名词和宾语从句也可用作动词宾语。说明2:及物
4、动词作谓语时,后面要跟宾语。宾语分直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语是及物动词的直接对象,直接宾语指物,间接宾语通常是及物动词的动作所及的人,间接宾语指人。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语之前。不是所有的及物动词都可以用双宾语。有的动词可以跟。如:give,show(给看),bring,pass,buy等。如:(1)Ourteachertellsusastory.(2)Thesungivesuslight.间接宾语如果放在直接宾语之后,在表示“人”的间接宾语之前会出现介词“to”或“for”。间接宾语前加“to”的有:give,show,send,bring,read,pass,lend,leave,han
5、d,tell,return,write,throw,promise(答应),refuse(拒绝)等。整理为word格式间接宾语加“for”的有:make,buy,do,get,play,order(命令),sing,pay等 (1)Igivehimabook.改成: (2)Hepassesmethebook.(他将书递给我。)改成:(3)Hewritesmealetter.改成:(4)Hewillbuymesomebooks.改成:(5)Sheismakingmeacake.改成:(四)宾语补足语在宾语后面补充说明宾语的动作、状态、特征的成分,称为宾语补足语。名词、形容词、副词、介词短语以及动
6、词不定式、分词等可用作宾语补足语。宾语和宾语补足语称为复合宾语。如:Theymakeherhappy.(形容词) Iseeherdance.(不定式)WellhelpyoutomaketheOlympicsasuccess.(名词)Pleaselethimin.(副词)Weheardhersingingasong.(分词短语)整理为word格式(五)表语表语说明主语“是什么”或者“怎么样”,由名词、形容词、副词、介词、不定式及相当于名词或形容词或短语来担任。它的位置在系动词后面。如:Iamateacher.(名词)Heisalwayshappy.(形容词)Theyareontheplaygro
7、undnow.(介词短语) Itgetscold.(形容词)系动词:Be动词(am,is,are,was,were)表保持(keep,stay,remain)表改变(get,become,turn)感官动词(feel,sound(听起来),seem/look(看起来),taste(尝起来),smell(闻起来)如:Itsoundsinteresting.(sound为系动词,interesting为表语)Weshouldallremaincareful.Remain(为系动词,careful为表语)(六)定语定语是用来修饰名词或代词的。形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语、不等式或相当于形容词的
8、词或短语等。整理为word格式单个词作定语时,通常放在它所修饰的名词之前。如:Theblackbikeismine.(形容词)Whatsyourname?(代词)Theymakepaperflowers.(名词)说明1:当定语修饰不定代词:nothing,anything,everything,something等时,定语在不定代词后面。如:Itellhimsomethinginteresting.(形容词interesting作不定代词something的后置定语)Hehassomethingtodo.(todo为不定式作后置定语)说明2:短语或从句作定语时,也放在被修饰的名词之后。如:Th
9、eboysintheroomareinClassFour.(intheroom是介词短语作theboys的后置定语。)(7) 状语修饰动词、形容词、副词。一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等意义,一般由副词、介词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来表示。状语一般放在句末,但有的可以放在句首、句中。如:Hediditcarefully.(副词)Weoftenhelphim.(副词)HermothergoesouttodosomeshoppingonSunday.(介词短语)WhenIgrowup,Iamgoingtobeateacher.(从句作时间状语)Hesitsthere.(副
10、词地点状语)整理为word格式【简单句的五种基本句型】A. 主语+不及物动词(主谓)如:Thesunrises.太阳升起来。Thecarstopped.小汽车停下来了。rise和stop都是不及物动词,因此后边不必加宾语。B.主语+及物动词+宾语(主谓宾)如:Ilovemycountry.Hehelpsme.Ilikeactionmovies.Ibuyabook.C.主语+系动词+表语(主系表)如:Herbrotherisadriver.Wefeelhappy.(feel为系动词,表示感到)Itgetsdark.天黑了。(get为系动词,表示变得)Tomlooksill.Tom看上去病了。(l
11、ook为系动词,表示看上去,看起来)D.主语+及物动词+双宾语(直接宾语、间接宾语)(主谓+直宾+间宾)如:HegivesTomapresent.(双宾语)他给汤姆一件礼物。 Mothermakeanewdressforme.(双宾语)妈妈为我做了一件衣服。E.主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语(主+谓+宾+宾补)整理为word格式如:TheycallherMary.(宾补)他们叫她Mary。Wemakeourclassroomcleanandtidy.(宾补)我们使我们的教室干净而整齐。Healwaysmakesuslaugh.(宾补)他总使我们笑。二、典型例题写出划线部分的句子成分。1.Li
12、lyiscleaningthedesknow.2.Hergardenisthebestinourtown.3.LiuMingisthirteenyearsold.4.Ilikethisbookverymuch.5.ThegirlonthebluebikeisJanessister.6.Shedidntcometomypartybecauseshewasill.7.WangPingdoeshishomeworkcarefully.8.WewillgototheChildrensPalaceonceaweek.9.Theyareintheclassroom.10.Itsoundsgood.11.H
13、isnameisPaul.12.Wealwaysgotoschoolearly. 整理为word格式Unit5 Do you want to watch a game show? Section A 1. What do you think of ?=How do you like.?你认为怎么样? 2. show (1) n 可数 (电视或广播)节目 talk show谈话节目 game show竞赛节目 sports show体育节目 talent show才艺节目 soap opera肥皂剧 (2) n 表演 展览 on show 在展出 在展览中 (3) v 出示 给.看 show s
14、b sth=show sth to sb 3.dont mind不介意,不在乎 (1) mind v.介意,在乎+n/pron/doing/从句(ifwhether引导)常用在否定句、疑问句和条件句中。 Would you mind opening the door?你介意打开门吗? Do you mind if I smoke here?你介意我在这儿抽吗? (2) mind n.想法,精神,心 He always reads others mind.他总能看透别人的心思。 (3) body and mind身心 make up ones mind to do 下定决心做某事 change
15、ones mind改变主意 keep.in mind 记住 never mind没关系,不要记在心上 4. news n.不可数名词,新闻,新闻节目 No news is good news.没有消息就是好消息。 a piece of news一则消息 two pieces of news两则消息 newspaper报纸(可数名词) 整理为word格式5. learn (1) learn by doing sth by 是通过方式,以方式,用方法,是以什么方式或方法 learn.by oneself(自学) (2)learn from从得知/获得,向学习,是指从某个地方或者人学到知识 lear
16、n from sb/sth向某人学习 learn sth from sb/sth learn French from him 向他学习法语 learn English from me 向我学英语 learn lessons from mistakes 从错误中吸取教训 (3) learn by 是通过什么方式学 learn .by heart熟记,背诵 6. follow v 跟随(=go after) following adj 接着的 follow the story 跟着故事 (1)follow vt.遵循,仿效 follow ones advice听从某人的劝告 (2)follow v
17、t. 听懂,听清 Im afraid I cant follow you, sir.先生,我没听清. (3)follow sb to do sth 跟随某人做某事 7. happen v (1) Sth happen +时间/地点 某时某地发生了什么 (2)Sth happen to sb 某人出了某事(不好的事情) (3)Sb happen to do sth 某人碰巧做某事 (4)It happened that 碰巧发生某事 8.expect v 期待 盼望 预期 (1) expect +n/pron 期待某物/事或某人,预计.可能发生 (2) expect to do sth 预计做某
18、事 (3) expect sb to do sth 期望某人做某事 (4) expect +that从句 预计. (5) be expecting sb/sth:等某人/物 I expect so.我想会的 整理为word格式9. one day 有一天 表示过去的某一天 将来的某一天 some day 有一天 将来有一天或日后的某一天 Section B 1. serious adj 严肃的,认真的 (1) be serious about doing sth 认真对待某事;严肃认真做某事,对做某事当真 (2) be serious about sb/sth 对某人/某事当真 2. famo
19、us adj 著名的=well-known as famous as与一样有名 (1)be famous/well-known for 因为.而出名(后接著名的原因) (2) be famous/well-known as作为.而出名(后接表示身份、职业的名词) (3) be famous/well-known to 为.所熟知 Yao Ming is famous for playing basketball.姚明以打篮球而出名 Yao Ming is famous as a basketball player.姚明作为篮球运动员出名3. come out 出现 (1)出来;出现 The s
20、tars came out as soon as it was dark.天一黑星星就出来了。 (2)开花;发芽 Some flowers have begun to come out.有些花现在已经开始开花了。 (3)出版;发表,发行 That magazine comes out every Monday.那份杂志每星期一出版。 (4)透露,传出;公之于世;(真相)大白 The truth has come out at last.真相终于大白。 (5)显出,显露,露出 (6)初次进入社交界;初次登台;初露锋芒 ,结果是,结局 How did the movie finally come
21、out?这部电影最后的结局如何? (7)考试结果,考第名 She came out first in the examination.这次考试她考第一名。 (8) (照片)照得(好坏),洗出(清晰等) Everyone came out well in the wedding photograph except the bridegroom. 在结婚照片中除了新郎以外人人照得都不错 整理为word格式4.become 系动词 变得.变成 可跟形容词或名词 5. successful adj.成功的,有成就的 (1)success成功(不可数名词) 成功的人事(可数名词) (2)succeed成
22、功 v succeed in doing sth.做某事取得成功 (3)successfully adv 成功地 6. be ready to do sth准备做某事;乐于做某事,愿意迅速做某事 7. try ones best to do sth.=do ones best to do sth.尽力做某事 8. dress up 打扮,梳理 盛装打扮 (1)dress up like a boy打扮成男孩 (2)dress sb up=dress up sb.盛装打扮某人 dress sb /oneself 给某人穿衣服 (3) get dressed 穿衣服 put on 穿衣服(强调动作
23、)wear穿衣服(强调状态) 9. take sb.s place sb=replace sb代替 替换某人 take the place of 代替 10. do a good job干得好 do the job 奏效,起作用 11. enjoyable adj 愉快的,快乐的 drinkable 可以饮用的 valuable 有价值的 reasonable 有道理的 comfortable 舒服的 12. 动词不定式做宾语 be ready to do sth.乐于做某事 try ones best to do sth.=do ones best to do sth.尽力做某事 (1)有些
24、动词只能接不定式做宾语 help hope ask refuse decide promise wish pretend expect learn plan manage agree fail offer happen seem let plan expect happen (2)有些动词或短语只接动名词做宾语 整理为word格式 mind finish enjoy suggest consider miss keep(on) avoid避开,躲开 stand(忍受) allow practice give up put off look forward to期待,期望 feel like想要
25、做某事 preventfrom 阻止 cant help禁不住,不由自主 迫不及待 be/get used to be worth doing be busy doing (3)后面加动名词与不定式时语义不同的 A. stop to do 停止,中断做某事后去做另一件事 stop doing 停止做某事。 B .forget to do 忘记要去做某事。 (未做) forget doing 忘记做过某事。 (已做) C. remember to do 记得去做某事 (未做) remember doing 记得做过某事 (已做) D. regret to do 对要做的事遗憾。 (未做) reg
26、ret doing 对做过的事遗憾、后悔。 (已做) E. cant help to do 不能帮助做某事 cant help doing sth 情不自禁做某事 F. try to do 努力,企图做某事 try doing 试验,试着做某事。 G. go on to do 做了一件事后,接着做另一件事 go on doing 继续做原来做的事。 H. mean to do 打算、想 mean doing 意味着 、词组、短语: 1.talk show 访谈节目 2. sports show 体育节目 3. game show 娱乐节目 4.talent show 达人秀 5. have a
27、 discussion 进行讨论 6. watch news 看新闻 7. find out找出,查出,查明 8.watch action movies看动作电影 9. watch cartoons看动画片 10. the black mouse with two large round ears 长着两只大圆耳朵的黑色老鼠 11. over 80 years ago 八十多年前 12. on November 18,1928 在1928年11月18日 13. the first cartoon with sound and music第一步有声音和音乐的动画片 14. in the 1930
28、s 在20世纪30年代 整理为word格式15. as famous as 和一样著名 16. one of the main reasons 要的理由之一 17. be ready to do sth. 愿意做某事;为 做准备 18. dress up 装扮;乔装打扮 19. take sbs place 代替;替换 20. do a good job 干得好 21.let sb. do sth. 让某人做某事 22. plan to do sth. 计划/打算做某事 23.hope to do sth. 希望做某事 24. happen to do sth. 碰巧做某事 25.expect
29、 to do sth. 盼望做某事. 26. How about doing? 做怎么样? 27.try ones best to do sth. 尽力做某事 28. think of 想起、认为 think about 思考、考虑 二、习惯用法、搭配 -What do you think of talk shows? -I dont mind them. I hope to be a TV reporter one day. How about you? 三、惯用法、搭配 1、let sb. do sth.让某人做某事, 2、plan to do sth.计划做某事, 3、hope to d
30、o sth. 希望做某事, 4、happen to do sth碰巧发生某事, 5、expect to do sth. 期望做某事, 6、How about doing?= What about? 做某事怎么样? 7、be ready to do sth.准备做某事, 8、try ones best to do sth.=do ones best to do sth.尽力做某事, 语法: 整理为word格式Do you want to watch the news? Yes, I do . / No, I dont. What can you plan to watch tonight? I
31、plan to watch Days of Our Past. What do you expect to learn from sitcoms? You can learn some great jokes. Why do you like watching the news? Because I hope to find out whats going on around the world. What do you think of talk shows? I dont mind them./ I cant stand them!/ I love watching them! 词语辨析
32、the other, the others, other, others, another 辨析the other 表示特指两个或者两部份中的另一个或另一部分,可直接单数名词或复数名词。表示两个中的一个另一个时,常用one the other。 例:He has two brothers, one is a teacher, the other is a doctor. There are forty students in our class. twenty-one are girls, the other nineteen are boys. the others 特指某一范围内的其他的(
33、人或物),是the other的复数形式,相当于the other+复数名词。the other + 复数名词 = any other + 名词单数。 例:You two stay here, the others go with me. Im different from Jeff because Im louder than the other kids (any other kid) in my class. other 作代词或形容词,可修饰可数名词单数或复数。 例:We learn Chinese, Maths, English and other subjects. others
34、作代词,泛指“其他的人或物”。 例:Some students are doing homework, others are talking loudly. 整理为word格式another 泛指同类事物中的三者或三者以上的“另一个”,只能代替或修饰单数可数名词。 例: I dont like this one. Please show me another one. another two students = two more students 2.look see watch的区别 look强调看的动作,接宾语时要加at See强调看的结果,还有看望,明白等意思 Watch一般精力比较集
35、中,如看电视、演出、球赛等watch the football game 语言点讲解 1、think of = think about 认为 What do you think of (=how do you like )this movie? 你认为这个电影怎么样 What does your father think of his boss? How about doing?做怎么样? 2、I dont mind them. 我不介意他们。 mind: n 头脑、想法 change ones mind改变主意 make up ones mind 下决心 mind: v介意;在乎;反对。多用
36、于以下句型:(表示请求或征求意见) Would you mind doing ? Would you mind opening the door? Do you mind ? Do you mind my dog? 3、I cant stand it! 我不能忍受它/我受不了它! stand: 顺利接受;忍受(多用于否定句、疑问句) 4、I do, too. / I dont, either. 我也 / 我也不 too 与either的区别: too“也”, 表示肯定意义,与肯定的表达方法连用;而either “也不”,表示否定意义,与否定的表达方法连用。 -My brother likes
37、to play soccer. ?I do, too. -My brother doesnt like to play soccer. ?I dont, either. 5、a thirteen-year-old boy 一个十三岁的男孩。 整理为word格式此结构中,year用单数形式,且用连字符,类似的结构还有: five-month-old baby 五个月大的婴儿 试比较: He is a student. He is thirteen years old. He is a thirteen-year-old student. 6、hair clip 发卡 有关hair的其他几个常见短
38、语: hair band 发带, hair cut发型,发式;理发(名词), hair dresser理发师7、happen Sth happen +时间/地点 某时某地发生了什么 Sth happen to sb 某人出了某事(不好的事情) Sb happen to do sth 某人碰巧做某事 It happened that 碰巧发生某事 8、be famous/well-known for因什么而出名 Be famous/well-known as 作为什么而出名 as famous as与一样有名 9、dress up 盛装打扮 dress sb up/dress uo sb.盛装打
39、扮某人 dress sb /oneself 给某人穿衣服 get dressed 穿衣服 put on 穿衣服(强调动作)wear穿衣服(强调状态) 重难点知识 动词不定式做宾语 let sb. do sth.让某人做某事 plan to do sth.计划/打算做某事 hope to do sth.希望做某事 happen to do sth.碰巧做某事 expect to do sth.盼望做某事 be ready to do sth.乐于做某事 try ones best to do sth.尽力做某事 有些动词只能接不定式做宾语。 例如:help,hope,ask,refuse,dec
40、ide,promise,wish,pretend,expect,learn,plan,manage,agree,fail,offer,happen,seem等等。 例如: He refused to speak on the radio. 二、有些动词或短语只接动名词做宾语: 例如:mind,finish,enjoy,suggest,consider,miss,keep(on),avoid避开,躲开,stand(忍受),allow ,practice,give up,put off,look forward to期待,期望,feel like想要做某事,preventfrom,阻止cant h
41、elp禁不住,不由自主 迫不及待,be/get used to ,be worth doing,be busy doing 例如: His wife doesnt allow smoking inside the room and often advised him to give up smoking. Im looking forward to hearing from you soon. 整理为word格式She doesnt feel like eating anything,being ill for a few days. 后面加动名词与不定式时语义不同的 1、stop to do
42、 停止,中断做某事后去做另一件事。 stop doing 停止做某事。 2、forget to do 忘记要去做某事。 (未做) forget doing 忘记做过某事。 (已做) 3、remember to do 记得去做某事 (未做) remember doing 记得做过某事 (已做) 4、regret to do 对要做的事遗憾。 (未做) regret doing 对做过的事遗憾、后悔。 (已做) 5、cant help to do 不能帮助做某事 cant help doing sth 情不自禁做某事 6、try to do 努力,企图做某事。 try doing 试验,试着做某事
43、。 7、go on to do 做了一件事后,接着做另一件事。 go on doing 继续做原来做的事。 8、mean to do 打算、想 mean doing 意味着 优化训练: 单项选择 ( )21._do you_sitcoms? I love them. 整理为word格式A.How, think of B.What, like of C. What, think of D.What, like ( )22.My mother wants me _. A. help her B.not help her C.not to watch TV D.to not watch TV ( )
44、23.Mickey is one of _ in the world. A. famousest cartoon character B.the most famous cartoon characters B. famousest cartoon characters D. the most famous cartoon character ( )24. I dont like action movies. I think theyre _. Aboring Bdifficult Cinteresting Dexciting ( )25. He even _ a Beijing Opera
45、artist.Awant to be Bwants to be Cwant is Dis want ( )26.I dont mind what _. A .do you think of me B .do you think of me C. you think of me D. you like of me ( )27.I dont mind _ the window. .Its too cold. A, close B. closing C. to close D. closes ( )28. .He looks rich. _, he is very poor. A. But B. H
46、owever C. While D.Yet ( )29.She expect _ the film Tiny Times directed by Guo Jingming. A. see B. to see C. seeing D. to seeing ( )30.Pleasant Goat and Big Big Wolf is _. A .serous B. meaningless C. enjoyable D. simple A.根据句意和提示写出单词,使句子完整 51.Mickey Mouse is a f cartoon character. 整理为word格式52.If you t
47、ry you best, you will be . (成功的) 53.Jet Li is a great a movie star. 54.You dont look well. What (发生) to you? 55.My teacher is funny. She often tells to us. B.用所给词的正确形式填空。 56.People in the west often think that the number thirteen is . (luck) 57.The students are having a (discuss) about TV shows. 58.
48、I cant stand (watch) the soap opera. 59.My brother with my father (be) going to Shanghai tomorrow. 60.He planned (go) to Beijing next holiday. 按要求完成下列各题。 66.I dont like this movie because it is meaningless .(对画线部分提问) this movie? 67.He wants to watch a game show .(对画线部分提问) he want ? 68.I dont mind the comedies.(对画线部分提问) the comedies. 69.You cant play soccer in the hallways.(改为祈使句) soccer in the hallways. 70.I think scary movies are fantastic.(改为否定句) I scary movies fantastic 友情提示:本资料代表个人观点,如有帮助请下载,谢谢您的浏览! 整理为word格式
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