2019大学英语四级备考笔记：翻译练习

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1、2019 大学英语四级备考笔记：翻译练习练习1中国烹饪(Chinese cuisine) 文化是中国文化中相关烹饪和休闲的重要组成部分。中国悠久的历史、广袤的疆土、好客的习俗孕育了这个独特艺术。中餐以其“色、香、味、形”俱全而著称。它讲究原料的选配、食物的质地、佐料 (seasonings) 的调制、切菜的刀功、适时的烹调以及装盘艺术。最负盛名的菜系有南方粤菜、北方鲁菜、东部淮扬菜和西部川菜，以“南淡北咸，东甜西辣”见称。句 1：中国烹饪(Chinese cuisine) 文化是中国文化中相关烹饪和休闲的重要组成部分。思路点拨：“ 是 ”结构的句子能够翻译成使用 be动词的主系表结构本句中虽然

2、给出的时“相关 ”，但仔细揣摩其意思应该是“在 方面”，故译为in the aspect of.Chinese cuisine culture is an important part of Chineseculture in the aspect of cooking and leisure.句 2：中国悠久的历史、广袤的疆土、好客的习俗孕育了这个独特艺术。思路点拨：本句的主语是三个并列的偏正短语，如果按照原有的语序翻译成英文。则主语太长，不符合英语的表达习惯。所以，本句翻译时应该将主语和宾语互换，同时将“孕育了”意译为owe to ( 将归因于，将归功于 ) ，三个并列的短语作介词to 的

3、宾语。This unique art owes itself to the long history, vastterritory and hospitable tradition of China.句 3：中餐以其“色、香、味、形”俱全而著称。思路点拨：本句中“以 而著称”用 be famous for 来表示; “形”不是“形状”，而是“外观”，应译为appearance; “俱全”译为perfect combination of.Chinese food is famous for its perfect combination of“color, aroma, taste and ap

4、pearance ”.句 4：它讲究原料的选配、食物的质地、佐料 (seasonings) 的调制、切菜的刀功、适时的烹调以及装盘艺术。思路点拨：本句中“讲究”即是“注重”，故译为 givesemphasis to; “质地”不是“质量”，不可译为quality,应译为texture. “佐料的调制”、“切菜的刀功”、“适时的烹调”和“装盘艺术”依次译为the blending of seasonings 、slicingtechniques 、the perfect timing of cooking 和 the art of layingout the food on the plate.

5、It gives emphasis to the selection of raw materials, thetexture of food, the blending of seasonings, slicingtechniques, the perfect timing of cooking and the art oflaying out the food on the plate.句 5：最负盛名的菜系有南方粤菜、北方鲁菜、东部淮扬菜和西部川菜，以“南淡北咸，东甜西辣”见称。思路点拨：本句可用介词Among置于句首的倒装句型，表示众多最负盛名的菜系“有 ” ; 后半句是对前半句内容的

6、补充说明，能够用过去分词短语noted as ( 以 著称 )这种非谓语动词来取消句子的独立性，同时也增 加了句子的节奏感。“菜系”即是“派别”，用school较为合适，不能够译为其他词汇。原文中虽没有“味道”二字，但稍微注意一下便可得知“南淡北咸，东甜西辣”说的就是“味道”，所以翻译时应把“味道” (flavor) 翻译出来。Among the best-known schools of cuisine are theCantonese cuisine of the south, the Shandong cuisine of thenorth, the Huai-Yang cuisine

7、of the east and the Sichuancuisine of the west, noted as “the light flavor of the south,the salty flavor of the north, the sweet flavor of the eastand the spicy- hot flavor of the west ”.练习2筷子(chopsticks) 是最能反映中国饮食文化特色和传统的重要象征之一。筷子有着悠久的历史，相关筷子的记载能够追溯到 3000 多年以前。无论到何时何地，中国人吃饭都很难离开筷子。此外，筷子还能够作为礼仪(etiq

8、uette) 、馈赠、寄情、收藏的特殊工艺品和礼品。如今，筷子已经出现在全世界很多国家的餐桌上，西方还流行起了“为了您的健康，请您拿起筷子来”的时潮。句 1：筷子 (chopsticks) 是最能反映中国饮食文化特色和传统的重要象征之一。思路点拨：本句的句子主干为“筷子是 之一”，译为chopsticks are one of ; “最能反映中国饮食文化特色和传统”可处理成定语从句，来修饰“重要象征”，译为 that can most reflectthe characteristics and traditions of Chinese foodculture 。“象征”译为symbol.译

9、：Chopsticks are one of the important symbols that canmost reflect the characteristics and traditions of Chinesefood culture.句 2：筷子有着悠久的历史，相关筷子的记载能够追溯到 3000 多年以前。思路点拨：本句可处理成 and连接的并列句。句中“悠久的”可用 long 来表达 ; “相关 的记载”译为the records of ; “追溯到”译为be traced back to 。Chopsticks have a long history and the reco

10、rds of themcan be traced back to more than 3000 years ago.句 3：无论到何时何地，中国人吃饭都很难离开筷子。思路点拨：本句中“无论到何时何地”可处理成状语; 后面部分可用句型“ it is + 形容词+for sb. to do sth. ”。“离开筷子”即“没有筷子”，可译为 without chopsticks.Wherever and whenever, it is hard for Chinese people tohave meals without chopsticks.句 4：此外，筷子还能够作为礼仪(etiquette)

11、 、馈赠、寄情、收藏的特殊工艺品和礼品。思路点拨：本句中 “ 能够作为 ”可处理成 can be usedas 的形式。“此外”能够译为in addition; “馈赠”可译为gifting; “寄情”即“表达情感”，可译为expressing feelings 。In addition, chopsticks can also be used as specialhandicrafts and presents for etiquette, gifting, expressingfeelings and collection.难点注释：句 1：白色污染指的是塑料污染 (plastic pol

12、lution) 。“指的是”可译为refer to.White pollution refers to plastic pollution.句 2：不可回收的 (unrecyclable) 塑料午餐盒沿途到处都是。Unrecyclable plastic lunch boxes are all along roads.句 3：塑料购物袋在空中飞扬。“在空中飞扬”可译为 dance in the wind.Plastic shopping bags dance in the wind.句 4：如果我们继续使用这些会发生什么呢 ?If we continue using them, what wo

13、uld happen?句 5：有一天，它们会将我们埋葬在白色垃圾堆中。“会将我们埋葬在白色垃圾堆中”可译为 might bury us in anocean of white rubbish.One day they might bury us in an ocean of white rubbish.句 6：那时的地球我们共同的家园将成为一个垃圾桶 (dustbin) 。Then the earth, our common homeland, would be a dustbin.句 7：为防止这个噩梦成为现实，政府间应该互相紧密合作并将口头承诺付诸实际行动。“为防止这个噩梦成为现实”译为目

14、的状语： To prevent thisnightmare from coming true; “互相紧密合作”译为 work closelywith each other; “将口头承诺付诸实际行动”译为 back up theirverbal commitment by actions.译：To prevent this nightmare from coming true,governments need to work closely with each other and back uptheir verbal commitment by actions.句 8：同时，我们理应从自身

15、做起，为绿色环保出一份力。“从自身做起”译为： start from ourselves.译：We, as individuals, should start from ourselves tohelp protect the green environment.White pollution refers to plastic pollution.Unrecyclable plastic lunch boxes are all along roads. Plasticshopping bags dance in the wind. If we continue using them,what

16、 would happen? One day they might bury us in an ocean ofwhite rubbish. Then the earth, our common homeland, would bea dustbin. To prevent this nightmare from coming true,governments need to work closely with each other and back uptheir verbal commitment by actions. We, as individuals,should start fr

17、om ourselves to help protect the greenenvironment.练习3唐朝(Tang Dynasty) 被历史学家认为是中国文明最辉煌的时期。唐朝的首都在长安。在与印度和中东(the Middle East) 的交流中，在他们的促动下，唐朝在很多领域里得到了长足的发展。唐朝是文学和艺术的黄金时期。唐朝通过科举制度 (civil service examinations)在全国选出优秀的儒家文人(Confucian literati)为政府效力，而唐朝的政府体系在儒学官僚(Confucian bureaucratic) 的支持下也日臻完善。公元 8 世纪中期，

18、唐朝势力开始衰落。难点注释句 1、2：唐朝 (Tang Dynasty) 被历史学家认为是中国文明最辉煌的时期。唐朝的首都在长安。第一、二句在翻译时能够整合为一句，其中“唐朝的首都在长安”能够翻译为定语从句来表示。“被认为是 ”能够译为be regardedby as ; “最辉煌的时期”即为鼎盛时期，可译为 a high point.Tang Dynasty, whose capital is Chang an, is regarded byhistorians as a high point in Chinese civilization.句 3：在与印度和中东(the Middle Ea

19、st) 的交流中，在他们的促动下，唐朝在很多领域里得到了长足的发展。“与印度和中东(the Middle East) 的交流中，在他们的促动下”可采用合译法，即 Stimulated by the contact w ith Stimulated bythe contact with India and the Middle East, the empire saw agreat development in many fields.句 4：唐朝是文学和艺术的黄金时期。译：The Tang period was the golden age of literature andart.句 5：唐

20、朝通过科举制度 (civil service examinations) 在全国选出优秀的儒家文人 (Confucian literati)为政府效力，而唐朝的政府体系在儒学官僚 (Confucian bureaucratic) 的支持下也日臻完善。此句结构较为复杂，翻译时，首先理清句子主干：唐朝的政府体系日臻完善。前半句能够处理成一个非谓语动词做原因状语的形式，即 Served by , serve 本意为“服务”，也可作“效力”讲，与逻辑主语the government system of Tang Dynasty 是动宾关系，故用过去分词形式 ; 而其中再嵌套一个后置定语selected

21、 through 来修饰Confucian literati; “在 的支持下”译为under the supportof 。Served by a large class of Confucian literati selectedthrough civil service examinations, the government system ofTang Dynasty was gradually perfected under the support ofConfucian bureaucratic.句 6：公元 8 世纪中期，唐朝势力开始衰落。译：By the middle of t

22、he eighth century A.D., the powerof Tang Dynasty began to ebb.Tang Dynasty, whose capital is Chang an, is regarded byhistorians as a high point in Chinese civilization.Stimulated by the contact with India and the Middle East, theempire saw a great development in many fields. The Tangperiod was the g

23、olden age of literature and art. Served by alarge class of Confucian literati selected through civilservice examinations, the government system of Tang Dynastywas gradually perfected under the support of Confucianbureaucratic. By the middle of the eighth century A.D., thepower of Tang Dynasty began to ebb.