立体车库外文翻译

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上摘要 随着我国经济的飞速发展，城市人口日益增多，特别是随着改革开放以来，我国进入了汽车拥有率迅速上升时候。以往那种单层平面停车场也越来越不能满足市场的需求。对多停车位、少占空间、使用操作简单、安全可靠的“立体停车库”的建设，是解决目前寸土寸金的大都市内停车难的有效办法。 立体车库是一种以单层平面停车场为核心、多平面的空间停车车库，通过可编程控制器控制车位空间位置的变动,使车位能够实现空间到平面的转化，实现多重单层平面停车的功能。升降横移式立体车库利用托盘移位产生垂直通道，实现多层车位的升降来存取车辆。关键词：立体车库、可编程控制器、升降横移式立体车库专心-专注-专业立

2、体车库1.1 立体车库概述 车辆无处停放的问题是城市的社会、经济、交通发展到一定程度产生的结果，立体停车设备的发展在国外，尤其在日本已有近3040年的历史，无论在技术上还是在经验上均已获得了成功。我国也于90年代初开始研究开发机械立体停车设备，距今已有十年的历程。由于很多新建小区内住户与车位的配比为1:1，为了解决停车位占地面积与住户商用面积的矛盾,立体机械停车设备以其平均单车占地面积小的独特特性，已被广大用户接受。机械车库与传统的自然地下车库相比,在许多方面都显示出优越性。首先，机械车库具有突出的节地优势。以往的地下车库由于要留出足够的行车通道，平均一辆车就要占据40平方米的面积，而如果采用

3、双层机械车库,可使地面的使用率提高8090,如果采用地上多层21层,立体式车库的话50平方米的土地面积上便可存放40辆车,这可以大大地节省有限的土地资源并节省土建开发成本。 机械车库与地下车库相比可更加有效地保证人身和车辆的安全,人在车库内或车不停准位置,由电子控制的整个设备便不会运转。应该说,机械车库从管理上可以做到彻底的人车分流。在地下车库中采用机械存车,还可以免除采暖通风设施,因此运行中的耗电量比工人管理的地下车库低得多。机械车库一般不做成套系统而是以单台集装而成。这样可以充分发挥其用地少、可化整为零的优势在住宅区的每个组团中或每栋楼下都可以随机设立机械停车楼。这对眼下车库短缺的小区解决

4、停车难的问题提供了方便条件。目前,立体车库主要有以下几种形式:升降横移式、巷道堆垛式、垂直提升式、垂直循环式、箱型水平循环式、圆形水平循环式。1.1.1 升降横移式 升降横移式立体车库采用模块化设计,每单元可设计成两层、三层、四层、五层、半地下等多种形式,车位数从几个到上百个。此立体车库适用于地面及地下停车场配置灵活,造价较低。 1. 产品特点1) 节省占地、配置灵活、建设周期短。 2) 价格低、消防、外装修、土建地基等投资少。3) 可采用自动控制、构造简单、安全可靠。4) 存取车迅速、等候时间短。 5) 运行平稳、工作噪声低。 6) 适用于商业、机关、住宅小区配套停车场的使用。2. 安全装置

5、防坠装置光电传感器、限位保护器、急停开关等。 1.1.2 巷道堆垛式 巷道堆垛式立体车库采用堆垛机作为存取车辆的工具所有车辆均由堆垛机进行存取因此对堆垛机的技术要求较高单台堆垛机成本较高所以巷道堆垛式立体车库适用于车位数需要较多的客户使用。 1.1.3 垂直提升式立体车库 垂直提升式立体车库类似于电梯的工作原理在提升机的两侧布置车位一般地面需一个汽车旋转台可省去司机调头。垂直提升式立体车库一般高度较高,几十米对设备的安全性加工安装精度等要求都很高,因此造价较高,但占地却最小。 1.1.4 垂直循环式 产品特点 1) 占地少两个泊位面积可停610辆车。 2) 外装修可只加顶棚消防可利用消防栓。

6、3) 价格低地基、外装修、消防等投资少建设周期短。 4) 可采用自动控制运行安全可靠。2.1立体车库自动控制系统 现代大型建筑的主流是智能化大厦和小区,因此自动化立体停车设备或车库的自动控制系统将成为智能化大厦和小区的一个重要组成部分。操作简单、迅速,使用方便,安全可靠维护量小,为用户提供一个安全、简易的使用环境,这是自动化立体停车设备的基本特点。停车设备的一切运行状况,车辆停放的时间,车辆存放交费情况,车库库容量,车辆存放高、低峰情况,等信息均可通过网络传送到智能化控制中心,通过智能化控制中心运算处理,与广播系统和各分部管理办公室相连,达到提前发布相关控制、管理信息,从而全部实现智能化管理。

7、通过大厦和小区的智能化控制中心还可与社会相关职能部门联网,将有关信息发布出去或收集进来,扩大车库的社会利用率和经济效益。这将是自动化车库的发展方向。 立体车库自动化控制系统主要包含以下五个子系统,自动收费管理系统,自动存取车系统,远程诊断系统自动道闸,监控安保系统。 以上子系统均由中央控制室统一控制,可为客户规划停车库管理形式,发布车库库存容量,控制车流方案。2.1.1自动收费管理系统 自动收费采用非接触式IC卡。IC卡分长期卡与储值卡两种。对固定用户,发行长期卡,费用可在固定用户交纳管理费用时一并交纳，对临时用户，发行储值卡，即用户交纳的费用存在卡内每次停车读卡自动从卡中扣除费用。 2.1.

8、2 自动存取车系统 自动存取车系统一般由小型可编程控制器PLC控制,包括卡号识别与移动载车板两个过程。用户进入车库时,在门口刷卡进入,读卡机自动把数据传送到PLC控制系统,PLC系统通过判断卡号,自动把对应的载车盘移动到人车交接的位置，开启车库门，缩短存取车的时间。存车时，司机按照指示灯信号指引入库，只有当车辆停放在安全位置后，停车正常指示灯才会亮启。存取车完成后，车库门自动关闭。移动载车盘时，系统严格按照各种检测信号的状态进行移动，检测信号包括超长检测、到位检测、极限位置检测、人员误入检测、急停信号检测等。若有载车板运行不到位或车辆长度超出车库允许的长度，所有载车盘将不进行动作若检测到急停信

9、号，将停止一切动作，直至急停信号消失。以上信号均为硬件信号，除此之外，还可从控制软件中设置保护信号，比如时间保护，以保证因硬件损坏而导致信号失灵时保证主体设备及车辆的安全。 2.1.3远程诊断系统 现场控制器可以通过网卡、Hub等网络设备与控制中心的局域网相连接，可以通过MODEN实现远程管理，监测现场运行情况，当现场出现故障时，在控制中心即可进行解决，方便管理人员、安保人员异地办公。2.1.4自动道闸 在车库出入口处各设非接触式读卡器、感应线圈及道闸，用户在车库出入口处刷卡后系统自动判别该卡是否有效，若有效，则道闸自动开启，通过感应线圈后，自动栅栏自动关闭，若无效，则道闸不开启，同时声光报警

10、。 2.1.5监控安保系统 监控安保系统是指在中央控制室进行监视控制车库现场的运行状况。它具有运动检测、车牌识别、网络连接、各种类型的报警系统实现连动等功能，可以实现无人看守。 系统简介， 视频监控功能，在车库各出入口，值班室和车库内主要区段安装定焦摄像机，在大范围车位区安装球形云台，以便实现对车库全方位的实时监控。如果在车库光照条件不好的情况下，可选用黑白摄像机。运动检测功能可以在夜间设置车库的运动检测区域，当检测区有移动目标时，运动检测功能发出报警信号，提醒值班人员。 车牌识别功能 它能够设置车库参照车辆的车牌、车型。当参照车辆进入车库监视区域系统自动对比参照车辆图像，有异常情况，发出报警

11、信号，并自动切换和记录相关图像。报警连动功能可以连动各类报警主机，如启动继电器发出声光报警通知安保人员自动放下道闸拦截车辆出入。 数字录像功能可以连续记录一个同在车库所发生事件，可以同步回放多个图像，可选择任意图像进行整体放大和局部放大，记录、回放、备份可同步进行各种信息。 据介绍已经开始有越来越多的居住小区开始采用机械停车库了。考虑到成本及维修，目前多数小区采用的是多层升降横移式立体停车设备，大规模的仓储式机械停车库还很少。升降横移式立体停车设备的泊车流程示意如下 1、 红绿黄指示灯指示车库运行状态，红色指示灯指示有人正在进行操，请稍候，绿色指示灯指示目前无人操作可进行操作黄色指示灯指示有故

12、障发生车库不能工作。2、 存车操作司机驾驶车辆从车库入口进入。在入口处的非接触式读卡机前感应区域晃以下自己的IC卡，感应过程完毕。栅栏自动升起司机开车进入车库。车辆进入后，栅栏自动关闭。划卡的同时，控制器读取车位号，车库内对应的载车盘自动移动到人车交接的位置车库单元门自动打开。司机开车进入，停车到位，拉手刹，下车走出车库，用IC卡在车库出口处晃一下IC卡，车库单元门自动关闭。完成存车操作。3、 取车操作 司机进入车库时，在入口处的非接触式读卡机前感应区域晃以下自己的IC卡，控制器自动读取车位号，车库内对应的载车盘自动移动到人车交接的位置，车库单元门自动打开，司机进入车库，开车出来，在车库出口处

13、的自动读卡机前感应区域晃一下自己的IC卡，感应完毕，读卡机接受信息，上位控制机自动记录、扣费，栅栏自动升起，司机开车出场，出场后，栅栏自动关闭，同时，控制器自动读取车位号，对应的车库单元门自动关闭。取车操作完毕。 车库在运行过程中，有完备的自我保护装置。一系列光电开关、接近开关、行程开关等对载车板准确运行到位起着决定性的作用，独特的防坠落装置、断绳报警装置、超速保护装置对车辆的安全起到保护作用。 车辆超长检测、车辆停车不到位检测、以及 12 人员误入检测等信号对车辆及人员的安全起着决定性的作用。 AbstractAlongwiththeourcountryeconomyrapiddevelop

14、ment,theurbanpopulationincreasesdaybyday,speciallysincealongwiththeReformandopenpolicy,theautomobiletotalquantityismoreandmore.FormerlythatkindofSingle-Layerplaneparkinglotcouldnotsatisfythedemandofthemarket.Tothemulti-parkingspots,littleoccupiesofthespace,theuseoperationissimple.Three-DimensionalGa

15、rage,whichistheeffectivesolutionofstopsdifficultinthepresentbigcity.TheThree-DimensionalGarage,whichtakesthesingle-layerplaneparkinglotasthecore,isthemulti-dimensionalspaceparkinggarage.Itusestheprogrammablecontroller(ProgrammingLogicController,alsocalledPLC)torealizemultiplemonolayerplanestopsbycon

16、trollingtheberthspacepositionthechange.Vertical-horizontalmovingundergroundcarparks,whichrealizemultilayerberthfluctuationdepositsandwithdrawsthevehiclesbyshiftingthetraytoproducetheverticalchannel.ThearticleresearchesthetheoryoftheThree-DimensionalGarage,introducetherealizationsituationofthree-dime

17、nsionalgarage.ThesystemsimulationusescontrolsconfigurationsoftwareMCGS,whichisbasedontheWINDOWSplatform.Throughestablishingthedatabaseofconfigurationsoftwareconstructs,connectingtheanimation,preparingthecontrolflowanddebuggingtheprocedures,ithasrealizedthethree-dimensionalgaragemonitoringsystem.Keyw

18、ord:Three-DimensionalGarage, ProgrammableController, Lifting and moving type stereo garage The Stereo Garage1.1 An overview of the stereo garageVehicles parked nowhere is the problem of the urban social, economic and transport development to a certain extent the result, Garage Equipment development

19、in foreign countries, especially in Japan nearly 30-40 years. Whether technically or in terms of experience had been a success. China is also in the beginning of the 1990s developed mechanical parking equipment, which was 10 years in the past. Because a lot of new residents in the district with the

20、ratio of 1:1. To address the size of parking spaces for tenants and business areas contradictions 3D mechanical parking equipment with an average size of a small motorcycles unique characteristics, the majority of users have been accepted. Compared with the traditional natural underground garage, Ma

21、chinery garage demonstrates its superiority in many respects. First, the mechanical garage has a prominent section of superiority. Past due to the underground garage must elapse enough lanes, the average car will occupy an area of 40 square meters, If the use of double-mechanical garage, which would

22、 enable ground to improve the utilization rateof around 80% to 90%, If using ground multi-storey (21 storey), three-dimensional garage, 50 square meters of land area will be placed on the 40 cars, which can greatly save the limited land resources, Civil and save development costs. To underground gar

23、age, Mechanical garage can be more effective to ensure personal and vehicle safety in the garage or car kept prospective location, the entire electronic control equipment would not operate. It should be said that the mechanical garage from the management can do a thorough separation of people and ve

24、hicles. In the underground garage using mechanical parking, it also can remove the heating ventilation; therefore, Operation of the power consumption than workers in the management of underground garage is much lower. Mechanical garage dont usually do complete system, but as a single machine contain

25、ers. This will give full play to its small space, the advantages of decentralized, Each of the residential areas or groups downstairs to make a complete circuit can be set up random mechanical parking building. This garage of the district can solve the shortage of parking difficulty in providing con

26、venient conditions right now. Currently, three-dimensional garage mainly in the following forms: lifting and transferring, aisle stacking garage, vertical garage, vertical cycle, box-level cycle, the level of circulating round. 1.1.1 Lifting and transferring Lifting and transferring Garage modular d

27、esign, each module can be designed into two, three, four levels, the five-story, semi-submerged in various forms, such as the number of parking spaces from a few to hundreds. Three-dimensional garage applies to the ground and underground car parks, configuration flexibility and cost is low. 1. Produ

28、ct features: 1) Save land, the configuration flexibility, and shorter construction period. 2) Low prices, firefighting and exterior decoration, with a total investment on small foundations. 3) Use automatic control, simple structure, safe and reliable. 4) Access to a quick, short waiting time. 5) Ru

29、n a smooth, low noise. 6) Applies to commercial, offices, and residential quarters supporting the use of car parks. 2. Safety devices: anti-dropping device, a photoelectr sensor, spacing protectors, emergency stop switch.1.1.2 Aisle stacking garage Aisle stacking garage used as a stacking machine to

30、ol access vehicles. All vehicles are stacking machine access, so the technical requirements for stacker higher, a single stacker cost is higher. So aisle stacking apply to the parking garage needs a few more customers. 1.1.3 Vertical Garage Vertical Garage Elevator similar to the principle that both

31、 sides of the hoist layout spaces. Generally need a ground vehicle rotary tables can be saved by the driver away. Vertical Garage generally higher high (tens of meters), safety equipment, Installation precision machining requirements are very high, high cost, but has the smallest area. 1.1.4 Vertica

32、l cycle Productfeatures: 1) covers an area of small; two berths area can stop 6-10 vehicles.2) The decoration can be added only roof, fire hydrants available. 3) Low prices, foundation, external decoration, fire and other small investment, short construction periods. 4) Use automatic control, safe a

33、nd reliable operation. 2.1 The stereo garage automatic control system The modern large-scale building mainstream is intelligent mansion and community. So, automated parking equipment or garage automatic control system will become intelligent mansion and an important part of community. Simple, fast,

34、easy to use, safe, reliable, and less maintenance, to provide users with a safe, easy to use environment, This is auto-parking feature of the basic equipment. All parking equipment operating conditions, vehicles parked in time, vehicle storage Malaysia, garage storage capacity. Vehicles kept high an

35、d low peaks, and other information can be transmitted through the network of intelligent control center through intelligent control center operator, and the broadcasting system and the management office of the Division linked related to early release control, management information, thus achieving a

36、ll the intelligent management. Building and the Community through the intelligent control of the center could also associate with social networking functions. Information released to the collection coming out or expands utilization of the garage social and economic benefits. This will be the automat

37、ion of the development direction of the garage. Solid Garage automation control system include the following five major subsystems: automatic toll collection management system automatic access systems for remote diagnosis system, automatic Gate, control security system. Subsystems are more unified c

38、ontrol of the central control room, for customers planning Garage form of management, Published garage inventory capacity, traffic control program. 2.1.1 Automatic Toll Management System Automatic charge adopts contactless IC card. IC card points long-term card and the stored-card. For fixed users,

39、the issue of long-term cards, the cost of fixed users pays management fees paid together; on the temporary users, issue stored-value cards, namely: the user fees paid cards exist within each parking card reader automatically deducted from the cost. 2.1.2 Automatic vehicle access system Automatic veh

40、icle access system is generally controlled by small PLC. Including the identification card number and mobile disc contains two cars process. Users enter the garage at the entrance to Swiping cards, reader data automatically transmitted to the PLC control system, PLC system through the judgment card

41、number and automatically set the corresponding site mobile trucks and vehicles to the handover location, the garage door opened, shorten the time access to cars. Truck drivers light signals in accordance with the guidelines created only when vehicles parked in a safe location, Parking will be normal

42、 light-Kai. Access car after the completion of the garage doors shut down automatically. Mobile site contains car, the system in strict accordance with the various signal detection mobile state, including long signal detection, Detection in place, the position detection limit, officers hit detection

43、, emergency stop signal detection. If cars are running plate is not in place or vehicle length in excess of the permitted length of the garage, all vehicles disc will contain no action, If detected emergency stop signal to stop all action until the emergency stop signal disappeared. Above signals ar

44、e hardware signals, in addition, the software can also be installed to control signal protection, such as the protection of the time, to ensure that the damage due to hardware failure to signal equipment and the main guarantee for the safety of vehicles. 2.1.3 Remote diagnosis system Controllers can

45、 spot card, hubs and other network equipment and control center connected to the LAN, MODEN through remote management, monitoring the operation of the scene, when the scene failure, in the control center can be addressed to facilitate the management, e-office security personnel. 2.1.4 Automatic Gate

46、 In the garage entrance of the no-contact reader, and the Gate of coil users in the garage entrances Swiping cards, the system automatically discriminates validity of the card, if valid, the Gate open automatically, through induction coils, Automatic self-closing fence; If invalid, the Gate is not o

47、pen, and sound and light alarm. 2.1.5 Monitoring security system Monitoring security system is in the central control room for monitoring and controlling the operation of the garage scene conditions. It has motion detection, license plate recognition, network connections, different types of alarm sy

48、stems linkage, and other functions, can be achieved unguarded. System catalog: Video monitoring function : the garage entrances, and the duty, the main segments within the garage installation focusing cameras, On the larger spaces installation spherical platforms, in order to achieve all-round garag

49、e on real-time monitoring. If the garage light conditions of the poor would use black-and-white cameras. Motion Detection functions: setting up the night in the garage of motion detection region, detecting when there are a moving target, Motion Detection and Alarm function remind staffs. LPR functio

50、ns: it can set up the garage light vehicle license plates, vehicle. When the light vehicles entering the garage regional surveillance, the system automatically cross-referenced with images of a very odd situation, issued a warning signal and automatic switching and record their images. Alarm linkage

51、 functions: all can move even the police mainframe, if activatedRelay acousto-optic warning issued notice of security personnel to voluntarily disarm Gate interception of vehicular access. Digital video functions : it with a continuous record of what happened in the garage, can be synchronized inter

52、vals over images arbitrary choice of the overall image to enlarge and local amplification, recording, playback, backup can be conducted all kinds of information. Reportedly, has begun an increasing number of residential quarters began to use a mechanical garage. Taking into account the cost and main

53、tenance, the majority of the district is a multi-storey lifting and transferring parking equipment, mass storage mechanical garage also rarely. Lifting and transferring Garage Equipmentparking.flow indicate the following: 1、The sense of light yellow instructions garage operation Red lamp was ongoing

54、 operating instructions, please wait; Green light is currently no operating instructions, can operate; yellow light instructions were to fail, the garage can not work. 2、The operation Drivers of vehicles enter from the garage entrance. At the entrance of non-contact sensors Reader former regional sh

55、aken following their IC cards, induction process completed, the fence automatically rises driver drove into the garage. The fence shut down automatically after vehicles entering. Card is the controller to read spaces, corresponding to the parking garage containing cars moved to the site automaticall

56、y transfer vehicle location, Automatic garage door open units. Car drivers entering and parking in place, Latin hand brake, alighted out of the garage, using IC cards in the garage exit Huang about IC cards Garage door modules to shut down automatically. Completed deposit truck operators. 3、Collect

57、the car operation Drivers entering the garage at the entrance to the non-contact sensors Reader former regional shaken following their IC cards Controller automatically read spaces, corresponding to the parking garage containing cars moved to the site automatically transfer vehicle location, Automat

58、ic garage door open modules, drivers entering the garage and drive out, in the garage exit of the automatic reader before induction regional dazzle your own IC cards, sensors finished, the reader receive information, Host controller automatically recorded, prepaid, automatically raising the fence, t

59、he driver drove the playing field, appeared after fencing to shut down automatically. Meanwhile, Controller automatically read spaces, corresponding to the garage door unit shut down automatically. Vehicle operation finished. The garage has a complete self-protection device in the course of operatio

60、n. A series of photoelectric switches, proximity switches, trip switches and other vehicles on site contains accurate operation in place to play a decisive role; falling unique defense installations, broken rope warning device, speeding vehicle protection device to protect the security role played.

61、Detection of long vehicles, vehicle parking is not in place detection, and personnel into a detection signal of vehicles and the safety play a decisive role.参考文献1童林旭地下汽车库建筑设计M北京：中国建筑工业 出版社 ，1996 2王文卿城市汽车库停车场(库)设计手册M北京：中国建筑工业出版社2002 3束昱地下空间资源的开发与利用M上海：同济大学出版社 2002 4陈立道，等城市地下空间规划理论与实践M上海：同济大学出版社，1997

62、5 游宝坤，李光明，王栋民，等超长钢筋混凝土结构 UEA无缝施工J建筑结构，1998(6)：21-236 贾广生 一种垂直升降类机械式地下车库停车设备的升降结构 中国，CN，2005810 7 张瑞武 智能建筑 的系统集成及其工程实施(上册)M北京：清华大学出版杜，2000 8 杨志，邓仁明，周齐国建筑智能化系统及工程应用M北京 ：化学 工业 出版社 ，2002 9 周奇才，邹竹，江谊现代住宅区停车系统的管理及控制机电一体化，2004(2)：80-83 10ChrisstoffelsLAJCarrier-facilitatedtransportasamechanistictoolinsupra

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