SAT官方指南OG_解析2（详尽答案）

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1、Sample Essay - Score of 6Throughout time mankind has strived to make his life easier. Whether it be through technology, science, or theories of social interaction every generation has made one contribution. From the idea of crop rotation to the cellular telephone mankind has advanced. It can be argu

2、ed however, that not all of these advancements were beneficial. Many times people are accused of “taking the easy way out”, something that is looked down upon in todays society.Consider, if you will, ancient Greecian Society. With hardly any of the technological or scientific advancements we have to

3、day, they were able to produce some of the greatest thinkers of all time. Socrates and Plato still influence modern philosophical thought. In addition, these men were well versed in all disciplines. They were thinkers, mathamaticians, writers, scientists, artists and much more. Examine some other gr

4、eat men in history. Leonardo Davinci was one of the greatest scientists and also one of the greatest artists of all time, he even invented and drew up early plans for the helicopter. These ancient men, without the technology and ease of life we have today, were able to produce some of the most proli

5、fic additions to human knowledge ever.Now let us examine some men from our time. Bill Gates, while adding immensely to the pleasures and ease of mans life, did so only by forcefully destroying many fledgling companies and completely undermining our capitalistic market place. Very very few men in our

6、 time are leaders in more than one discipline. There are no scientists/artists or writer/mathamaticians. Men, while being able to more deeply delve into a discipline, are now restricted to it. I attribute this to technology. We now have a life outside of our work. A life with computers, cars, movies

7、, and dinner with the family from across the country. Mankind can no longer devote himself to his work. He has his work life, and his home life. While a cell phone allows me to talk to anyone from anywhere, it prevents me from being alone and fully concentrating. While the internet allows me to look

8、 at websites from around the world, it prevents me from doing the work I set out to do.While technology and science have made mans life easier, they have not made it better. Man has become less productive and less devoted, partly, as a result of this newfound ease of life. Therefore, What makes our

9、lives easier does not necessarily make them better.section21 ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS Explanation for Correct AnswerD : Choice (D) is correct. Predictable means forseeable or hackneyed. If one were to insert this term into the text, the sentence would read To avoid being predictable, composer Stephe

10、n Sondheim strives for an element of surprise in his songs. The word avoid indicates that the missing term will contrast with the element of surprise that Sondheim tries to instill in his songs. Surprise means something unexpected, so it makes sense to say that the composer includes surprising eleme

11、nts in his songs to ensure that his work sounds fresh and original.Explanation for Incorrect AnswerA : Choice (A) is incorrect. Erratic means inconsistent. If one were to insert this term into the text, the sentence would read To avoid being erratic, composer Stephen Sondheim strives for an element

12、of surprise in his songs. It can be argued that inconsistencies within in a song are surprising. This term therefore defies the underlying logic of the sentence that the meaning of the missing word must contrast with the meaning of surprise.Explanation for Incorrect AnswerB : Choice (B) is incorrect

13、. Informal means casual. If one were to insert this term into the text, the sentence would read To avoid being informal, composer Stephen Sondheim strives for an element of surprise in his songs. There is, however, no direct correlation between a composers informality and his or her originality.Expl

14、anation for Incorrect AnswerC : Choice (C) is incorrect. Elaborate in this context means complex. If one were to insert this term into the text, the sentence would read To avoid being elaborate, composer Stephen Sondheim strives for an element of surprise in his songs. But songs that lack complexity

15、 are not necessarily surprising.Explanation for Incorrect AnswerE : Choice (E) is incorrect. Idiosyncratic in this context means peculiar. If one were to insert this term into the text, the sentence would read To avoid being idiosyncratic, composer Stephen Sondheim strives for an element of surprise

16、 in his songs. It is illogical to claim that a composer who values originality would want to avoid being unusual. Idiosyncrasies, or departures from the norm, are often what make music surprising. 2 ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS Explanation for Correct AnswerC : Choice (C) is correct. Catastrophic means

17、involving a disastrous or tragic event. The first half of the sentence, beginning with the word because and ending with a comma, sets up an explanation for the pandas vulnerability. The second half of the sentence elaborates on the consequences that a harsh winter would have had on a struggling popu

18、lation. If one were to insert the term catastrophic into the text, the sentence would read Because the pandas had already been weakened by disease and drought, a harsh winter would have had catastrophic consequences for them. The term catastrophic supports the fact that a difficult winter would be d

19、istastrous for a group of pandas that is already suffering from disease and drought.Explanation for Incorrect AnswerA : Choice (A) is incorrect. Preventive means intended to prevent or protect. If one were to insert this term into the text, the sentence would read Because the pandas had already been

20、 weakened by disease and drought, a harsh winter would have had preventive consequences for them. The term preventive therefore suggests that a harsh winter would have protected the pandas when, in fact, the opposite is true. Explanation for Incorrect AnswerB : Choice (B) is incorrect. Regressive me

21、ans tending to return or revert. If one were to insert this term into the text, the sentence would read Because the pandas had already been weakened by disease and drought, a harsh winter would have had regressive consequences for them. Although the term regressive carries negative connotations that

22、 seem appropriate in this context, environmental hardships would not have necessarily caused a population to revert to earlier behaviors.Explanation for Incorrect AnswerD : Choice (D) is incorrect. Unforeseen means unexpected. If one were to insert this term into the text, the sentence would read Be

23、cause the pandas had already been weakened by disease and drought, a harsh winter would have had unforeseen consequences for them. Since the pandas are already weakened, the consequences of the harsh winter are easy to predict, so they cant be described as unforeseen.Explanation for Incorrect Answer

24、E : Choice (E) is incorrect. Moderate means not excessive or extreme. If one were to insert this term into the text, the sentence would read Because the pandas had already been weakened by disease and drought, a harsh winter would have had moderate consequences for them. This sentence is illogical b

25、ecause a harsh winter would have had severe, rather than moderate, consequences for a group of weakened pandas.3 ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS Explanation for Correct AnswerA : Choice (A) is correct. Arrangement in this context means an agreement or settlement, and devoid means completely lacking. If one

26、 were to insert these terms into the text, the sentence would read For many of the villagers, marriage was a practical arrangement, one not necessarily devoid of love but nevertheless grounded largely in economic advantage. The villagers in this sentence view marriage pragmatically rather than roman

27、tically. For them, marriage more closely resembles a business arrangement than a loving union. The word nevertheless indicates that marriage does not always lack love but that economic advantage is a higher priority.Explanation for Incorrect AnswerB : Choice (B) is incorrect. Entertainment means a d

28、iversion or amusement. Disparaging means disrespectful or degrading. If one were to insert these terms into the text, the sentence would read For many of the villagers, marriage was a practical entertainment, one not necessarily disparaging of love but nevertheless grounded largely in economic advan

29、tage. Diversions are more likely to be considered frivolous than practical. Also, it is illogical to say that entertainment can disrespect love.Explanation for Incorrect AnswerC : Choice (C) is incorrect. Attitude in this context means feeling or state of mind. Consisting means made up of. If one we

30、re to insert these terms into the text, the sentence would read For many of the villagers, marriage was a practical attitude, one not necessarily consisting of love but nevertheless grounded largely in economic advantage. The main fault in the logic of this sentence comes from the fact that marriage

31、 is an official institution, not a state of mind. Explanation for Incorrect AnswerD : Choice (D) is incorrect. Bargain means an agreement between parties carrying obligations that each promises to carry out. Worthy means deserving. If one were to insert these terms into the text, the sentence would

32、read For many of the villagers, marriage was a practical bargain, one not necessarily worthy of love but nevertheless grounded largely in economic advantage. The villagers might reasonably consider a marriage based on economic advantage as a bargain. Calling the bargain worthy of love, however, does

33、 not explain the comparison of love and economics that is set up in the structure of the sentence. Explanation for Incorrect AnswerE : Choice (E) is incorrect. Misfortune in this context means the condition resulting from ill luck. Trusting means reliant on the integrity, ability, or character of a

34、person or thing. If one were to insert these terms into the text, the sentence would read For many of the villagers, marriage was a practical misfortune, one not necessarily trusting of love but nevertheless grounded largely in economic advantage. This sentence fails to explain how economically adva

35、ntageous marriage constitutes a practical, unlucky condition. Furthermore, a misfortune cannot be referred to as trusting.4 ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS Explanation for Correct AnswerB : Choice (B) is correct. Temporize means to act evasively to gain time or to postpone a decision. Prolong means to leng

36、then in duration. If one were to insert these terms into the text, the sentence would read Maggie is a procrastinator, naturally inclined to temporize and to prolong discussions. The part of the sentence after the comma describes what a procrastinator, a person who puts off doing something, might do

37、. It makes sense to label a person who tries to gain time by prolonging conversations a procrastinator.Explanation for Incorrect AnswerA : Choice (A) is incorrect. Meddle means to intrude into other peoples affairs. Scoff means to mock or show disrespect. If one were to insert these terms into the t

38、ext, the sentence would read Maggie is a procrastinator, naturally inclined to meddle and to scoff at discussions. A person who puts things off is not necessarily likely either to meddle or to scoff.Explanation for Incorrect AnswerC : Choice (C) is incorrect. Misbehave means to behave badly, and dis

39、rupt in this context means to interrupt. If one were to insert these terms into the text, the sentence would read Maggie is a procrastinator, naturally inclined to misbehave and to disrupt discussions. A person who misbehaves might disrupt discussions, but such behavior doesnt confirm that a person

40、is a procrastinator.Explanation for Incorrect AnswerD : Choice (D) is incorrect. Sneer means to assume a scornful facial expression. Terminate means to bring to an end. If one were to insert these terms into the text, the sentence would read Maggie is a procrastinator, naturally inclined to sneer an

41、d to terminate discussions. One who sneers, or looks scornful, isnt necessarily a procrastinator. Furthermore, a person who halts discussions is one who acts rather than stalls for time, as a procrastinator does.Explanation for Incorrect AnswerE : Choice (E) is incorrect. Withdraw in this context me

42、ans to become detached from social involvement. Intrude means to enter rudely or inappropriately. If one were to insert these terms into the text, the sentence would read Maggie is a procrastinator, naturally inclined to withdraw and to intrude in discussions. This sentence is illogical on several l

43、evels. Someone who is inclined to withdraw from social situations is not likely to rudely interrupt discussions. In addition, a persons willingness or unwillingness to participate in discussions with others is not relevent to the act of procrastination.5 ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS Explanation for Corr

44、ect AnswerC : Choice (C) is correct. Admit means to let in, and contain means to keep in. If one were to insert these terms into the text, the sentence would read Just as glass windows offer buildings both light and insulation, certain atmospheric gases admit incoming sunlight and contain heat radia

45、ted from the ground, preventing warmth from escaping. The phrase “Just as” indicates that the sentence draws a parallel between glass windows that provide light and insulation and certain gases that have the same effect. There are gases that, like windows, let sunlight pass through while trapping th

46、e heat.Explanation for Incorrect AnswerA : Choice (A) is incorrect. Conduct means to spread, and release means to let go. If one were to insert these terms into the text, the sentence would read Just as glass windows offer buildings both light and insulation, certain atmospheric gases conduct incomi

47、ng sunlight and release heat radiated from the ground, preventing warmth from escaping. Gases that release heat serve the opposite purpose of windows, which trap heat.Explanation for Incorrect AnswerB : Choice (B) is incorrect. Deflect means to turn something away, and transmit means to send one thi

48、ng to another. If one were to insert these terms into the text, the sentence would read Just as glass windows offer buildings both light and insulation, certain atmospheric gases deflect incoming sunlight and transmit heat radiated from the ground, preventing warmth from escaping. Atmospheric gases

49、that would turn away sunlight and transmit heat would provide neither light nor insulation.Explanation for Incorrect AnswerD : Choice (D) is incorrect. Absorb means to take in or use up, and dispense means to distribute. If one were to insert these terms into the text, the sentence would read Just a

50、s glass windows offer buildings both light and insulation, certain atmospheric gases absorb incoming sunlight and dispense heat radiated from the ground, preventing warmth from escaping. Atmospheric gases that absorb sunlight would not provide light, as windows do. In addition, windows contain heat;

51、 they do not distribute it.Explanation for Incorrect AnswerE : Choice (E) is incorrect. Resist means to fend off or withstand. Trap means to catch. If one were to insert these terms into the text, the sentence would read Just as glass windows offer buildings both light and insulation, certain atmosp

52、heric gases resist incoming sunlight and trap heat radiated from the ground, preventing warmth from escaping. Though gases that trap heat prevent warmth from escaping, gases that resist incoming sunlight would not increase the amount of light available.6 ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS Explanation for Corr

53、ect AnswerC : Choice (C) is correct. Rhetoric means the art of using language effectively and persuasively. Substance means important content. If one were to insert these terms into the text, the sentence would read The speaker, praised for her style yet ridiculed for her vacuity, often moved naive

54、listeners with rhetoric alone and led them to believe that her speech had substance. The first part of the sentence implies that the speaker is convincing, yet shallow. The terms rhetoric and substance reinforce this description in the second part of the sentence, which asserts that unsophisticated

55、listeners mistake the speakers eloquence for content.Explanation for Incorrect AnswerA : Choice (A) is incorrect. Reason means logical sense, and dalliance in this context means playful flirtation. If one were to insert these terms into the text, the sentence would read The speaker, praised for her

56、style yet ridiculed for her vacuity, often moved naive listeners with reason alone and led them to believe that her speech had dalliance. To say that she moved naive audience members implies a connection based on emotion, not reason. Furthermore, it is illogical to say that her speech had flirtatiou

57、s dalliance.Explanation for Incorrect AnswerB : Choice (B) is incorrect. Infelicity means inappropriateness of expression, and conviction means certainty. If one were to insert these terms into the text, the sentence would read The speaker, praised for her style yet ridiculed for her vacuity, often

58、moved naive listeners with infelicity alone and led them to believe that her speech had conviction. It is highly unlikely that inappropriateness would move an audience or that it would give a speech an air of conviction.Explanation for Incorrect AnswerD : Choice (D) is incorrect. Pragmatism means a

59、practical approach to problems, and futility means uselessness. If one were to insert these terms into the text, the sentence would read The speaker, praised for her style yet ridiculed for her vacuity, often moved naive listeners with pragmatism alone and led them to believe that her speech had fut

60、ility. Although pragmatism might influence listeners, it would not likely move them. Also, it is illogical to claim that the speakers pragmatic presentation would convince people that her speech had futility.Explanation for Incorrect AnswerE : Choice (E) is incorrect. Boorishness means rudeness. Int

61、egrity means adherence to a strict moral code. If one were to insert these terms into the text, the sentence would read The speaker, praised for her style yet ridiculed for her vacuity, often moved naive listeners with boorishness alone and led them to believe that her speech had integrity. Boorishn

62、ess, or rude insensitivity, would hardly lead audience members to believe that a speech had integrity.7 ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS Explanation for Correct AnswerD : Choice (D) is correct. Petulant means unreasonably ill-tempered. If one were to insert this term into the text, the sentence would read T

63、he actor was noted for his petulant behavior: he quickly became irritated if his every whim was not immediately satisfied. The colon in the sentence sets up an example of the actors behavior. The assertion that the actor was ill-tempered is supported by the fact that he became annoyed when people di

64、d not cater to his every whim.Explanation for Incorrect AnswerA : Choice (A) is incorrect. Fastidious in this context means meticulous. If one were to insert this term into the text, the sentence would read The actor was noted for his fastidious behavior: he quickly became irritated if his every whi

65、m was not immediately satisfied. A fastidious person has high standards but is more concerned with quality than speed. The actor might pay meticulous attention to details, but this trait does not explain the irritation he feels when his desires are not immediately satisfied.Explanation for Incorrect AnswerB :