化工文献检索煤制油的工艺技术

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1、煤制油的工艺技术项目分析：煤制油（Coal-to-liquids,CTL）是以煤炭为原料，通过化学加工过程生产油品和石油化工产品的一项技术，包含煤直接液化和煤间接液化两种技术路线。煤的直接液化将煤在高温高压条件下，通过催化加氢直接液化合成液态烃类燃料，并脱除硫、氮、氧等原子。煤的间接液化工艺就是先对原料煤进行气化，再做净化处理后，得到一氧化碳和氢气的原料气。然后在270C350C左右，2.5MPa以及催化剂的作用下合成出有关油品或化工产品。1唐宏青.我国煤制油技术的现状和发展.CHEMICAL ENGINEERING，2010，38(10)（主题检索）摘要：澄清替代燃料的概念，简述我国为什么要

2、搞煤制柴油，详细说明煤制油发展历史，特别说明中国科学院在山西、内蒙2省区和伊泰潞安集团的支持下，经过几代科学家的艰苦努力取得的煤基间接合成油技术成果推向产业化，为国家能源安全做出重大贡献。叙述间接液化的技术关键和发展趋向，目前，国内的技术已经成熟，可以自行建设成套大型化的煤制柴油装置。2唐宏青.我国煤制油技术的现状和发展.全国化工化学工程设计技术中心站，2010年年会论文集，2010年年会，2010年11月1日（主题检索）3王福生.我国煤制油产业的机遇与挑战.价值工程，2011，30(26) （主题检索）摘要：随着中国经济的增长，人民的生活水平不断提升，石油产品的需求增长，石油缺口增大及石油枯

3、竭的步伐加快。煤制油作为中国石油安全战略储备项目，什么机遇的到来才能刺激、带动煤制油从安全战略储备项目转为大规模工业化，带来新一轮高成本投资的热潮。4洪二艳.我国煤制油发展现状和前景及面临问题.当代化工，2011，40(7) （主题检索）摘要：我国是当今世界上能源结构以煤炭为基础的少数国家之一，从我国油品缺口与能源储量来看，煤液化合成油是实现我国油品基本自给，保障我国经济可持续发展的最为切实可行的途径。介绍了煤液化的两种方法及国内已经成功示范的装置，以及诸如二氧化碳排放，水资源短缺等问题。5付长亮.张晓煤制油(CTO)技术及国内的发展状况.广东化工，2008，35(1)（关键词）摘要：煤制油技

4、术主要有煤炭直接液化和煤炭间接液化两类。文章简要介绍了此两类方法的发展过程、工艺流程、工艺特点以及国内建设煤制油项目的基本情况。我国是煤炭大国，煤炭是我国的主要能源，在目前石油价格节节攀升的情况下，发展煤制油技术，对煤炭的洁净利用和保持国家能源的可持续发展，有着极为重要的意义。6杨仁俊.煤制油技术综述与分析.赤峰学院学报，自然科学版2012，(10) （关键词）摘要：针对我国富煤少油的现象，本文提出发展煤制油技术是一种战略选择主要介绍了国内外典型的煤制油工艺，包括德国IG和IGOR、美国H-Coal和HTI、日本NEDOL、中国神华煤直接液化等工艺并从多角度对煤制油的两条路线进行了简要分析。7

5、洪二艳.我国煤制油发展现状和前景及面临问题.当代化工，2011，40(7) （关键词）摘要：我国是当今世界上能源结构以煤炭为基础的少数国家之一，从我国油品缺口与能源储量来看，煤液化合成油是实现我国油品基本自给，保障我国经济可持续发展的最为切实可行的途径。介绍了煤液化的两种方法及国内已经成功示范的装置，以及诸如二氧化碳排放，水资源短缺等问题。8郑伟，张卫江，朱伟娜.煤制油副产品混合液分离和模拟.化学工程，2011，39(3) （关键词）摘要：煤制油过程中会产生大量含有均四甲苯和偏三甲苯的副产品，基于此混合物中各种物质的沸点和熔点的差异，设计了利用精馏和重结晶技术对其进行处理，以山西某煤制油项目的

6、煤制油副产品为原料，利用小型的实验装置处理之后得到均四甲苯和偏三甲苯的质量分数分别达到了99%和94.85%。之后，采用Aspen Plus软件对精馏分离过程进行了模拟计算，设计了三塔精馏分离的工业化实验装置，最后得到的均四甲苯和偏三甲苯的质量分数达到67.52%和98.19%，用甲苯对均四甲苯进行重结晶处理之后，其纯度完全可以达到95%以上。9郝志明，郑伟，余关龙.煤制油高浓度废水处理工程设计.工业用水与废水，2010，41(3)（篇名检索）摘要：来自煤液化、加氢精制、加氢裂化及硫磺回收等装置排出的含硫、含酚废水由于含有较高的COD及无机盐，统称高浓度废水。该类废水排放量大、浓度高，国内外没

7、有类似的处理经验可借鉴，加之废水回用的要求，增加了废水处理的难度。本工程采用气浮-两级AF生化-BAF生化-吸附-混凝-过滤工艺处理该类废水，经该工艺处理后，使煤制油高浓度废水达到循环冷却补充水的水质标准，充分体现了废水再生利用的原则。10魏江波.煤制油废水零排放实践与探索.工业用水与废水，2011，42(5) （篇名检索）摘要：通过对国内第一个煤直接液化制油工程项目的废水“零排放”工程实践总结，说明废水“零排放”技术在一定条件下是可行的，但“零排放”的实现面临许多挑战，实际工程应以当地资源和环境承载力为基础进行统筹管理，从企业-园区-区域3个层面构建多级屏障体系，做好污水处理和水资源的梯级利

8、用，真正实现环境效益、经济效益和社会效益的统一，实现“趋零排放”。11万国杰.煤制油化工基地式一体化建设模式思考.神华科技，2011，09(6) （篇名检索）摘要：鉴于煤制油化工的产业特点，借鉴国际上对煤制油化工建设模式的探索，结合我国煤制油化工示范工程建设的成功经验和我国能源结构及分布的国情，从系统的角度综合集成各种技术和产品组合，围绕煤制油化工，建成煤炭分级转化多种产品组合和能源梯级利用的基地式一体化循环生态工业园区，达到总能系统最优。通过统筹规划煤矿、原煤处理、煤气化（包括热解）、合成气处理、煤气化循环发电、煤化工、煤制燃料、副产品加工、产品深加工、公用工程系统、公共物流系统和公共服务系

9、统。采用多种产品联产和互供的方式，充分发挥基地式一体化的优势，在产生规模经济效益的同时，向产品多样化和精细化方向发展，把经济效益、产品竞争力、环境效益、社会效益和国家的产业政策有机地结合起来。建设一个能源效率最高、系统效益最好、精细化分工、专业化管理、规模化经营、地企和谐的、本质环保型、煤制油一体化的化工基地。12杨仁俊.煤制油技术综述与分析.赤峰学院学报，自然科学版2012，(10) （篇名检索）摘要：针对我国富煤少油的现象，本文提出发展煤制油技术是一种战略选择主要介绍了国内外典型的煤制油工艺，包括德国IG和IGOR、美国H-Coal和HTI、日本NEDOL、中国神华煤直接液化等工艺并从多角

10、度对煤制油的两条路线进行了简要分析。13MENG Lei，郭菊娥，XI You-min.西部煤制油项目可容纳规模与能源替代效应分析预测.2008，27(4) （篇名检索）摘要：“煤制油”技术在科学上称为煤基液体燃料合成技术，分为直接液化和间接液化两种方式，其产品是柴油、石油的替代产品。本文在分析国内外煤制油项目开发技术与研究成果的基础上，提出了煤制油项目的技术参数，给出了西部煤制油项目对原煤、原油生产、消费及综合净调动结构的影响机理，利用2004年的统计数据，对不同方案下西部煤制油项目的可容纳规模进行测算分析，揭示了不同方案下西部煤制油项目开发对原煤、原油等能源生产、消费及调动结构的影响程度和

11、产生的效应，提出了煤制油项目开发的政策建议。14刘俊义，马军祥.煤制油多联产技术产品分布可控性.探索煤化工，2011，39(3)（题目检索）摘要：多联产是煤化工发展的方向，潞安煤基合成油示范厂是一个基于煤的多联产示范项目。介绍了调整工艺控制参数及切换工艺流程，改变产品分布，以根据市场需求，从而降低企业投资风险的工艺探讨。15朱心奇，张运成.煤制油的化学原理及其应用前景.化学教育，2010，31(6) （题目检索）摘要：煤制油属于新型煤化工的一部分。在人类面临能源短缺、国际石油价格剧烈波动的情况下，煤制油逐渐进入了公众的视野。介绍煤制油的化学原理及其应用过程中面临的挑战。16孙海，许正权.开放式

12、创新推动自主创新的路径基于煤制油技术创新的案例研究.科技与经济，2009， 22(1) （题目检索）摘要：从我国煤制油技术取得成功的典型案例分析入手，认为煤制油技术取得成功关键依赖于新创新模式的采用，即中外产业联合、企业和国外研究机构合作、本土企业吸收外部人才的自主研发。3种不同的模式最终都取得了煤制油技术创新的重大突破，从而使我国完全掌握了煤制油的核心技术，为煤制油产业化发展奠定了坚实基础。3种不同的模式包含共同特征:企业技术创新已经突破了传统封闭创新模式，一种以吸收外部知识资源促进内部技术创新的开放式创新正变得越来越有效。从理论上分析开放式创新和自主创新的关系，并提炼实现开放式创新的4条主

13、要路径。17孙海，席酉民.煤制油产业化:我国未来运输能源安全战略的路径选择.现代管理科学，2009，(7) （题目检索）摘要：随着石油资源的耗竭，石油资源短缺已经引起中国政府的广泛关注，如何新开辟稳定的石油供给渠道、开发石油制品的替代品，已经成为摆在中国政府及企业面前的挑战。文章从石油制品替代角度分析了保证我国未来能源安全的多个途径，在充分发展洁净煤技术的前提下，发展多种可再生的石油制品替代品，将基本可以保证中国能源安全。18刘子龙.煤制油行业油品储罐的腐蚀与防护.广州化工，2011，39(6) （题目检索）摘要：在正常的化工生产过程中，常存在着一系列的设备腐蚀问题，设备腐蚀是危及装置安全平稳

14、运行的重要隐患，常造成设备泄漏或失效，严重时会导致装置停工或发生火灾、爆炸、中毒等事故，所以油罐腐蚀和防护成为设备维护的重点。本文根据煤制油行业油品的高温、高硫化氢含量、高含固量的储存特点，特对油罐的腐蚀范围和特点进行了分析，并制定了相应的防护措施，同时对油罐腐蚀检验和维护的要点进行了论述。19曹湘洪.我国煤化工、煤制油产业健康发展的若干思考.2012中国煤化工技术、市场、信息交流会暨“十二五”产业发展研讨会论文集2012中国煤化工技术、市场、信息交流会暨“十二五”产业发展研讨会 2012年3月29日（题目检索）现在煤炭生产企业期望通过煤化工和煤制油延伸产业链，以及做大经济规模、提升竞争力以及

15、煤炭产区地方政府期望通过煤化工和煤制油加快发展地方经济的双因素作用下，我国正涌动着一股发展煤化工和煤制油的热潮。据统计，截止2009年底，中国各地规划的煤制烯烃总产能已经超过2000万吨，到2010年底投人运行的煤制烯烃项目3项，合计生产能力为158万吨，年，已建成、在建和规划建设的煤制油项目总产油能力超过2000万吨年。中国经济快速发展，生产汽煤柴油和石化产品的原油消费量快速增长，对国际原油的依存度2009年已达到51.2。20张扬健.发达国家煤制油基本处于技术储备阶段.中国石化，2011，(1) （题目检索）摘要：虽然煤制油技术诞生在西方国家，但是，自二战以后随着石油勘探技术的迅速发展导致

16、大量廉价石油的充斥市场，石油排挤煤炭的态势日益强烈。在比较效益规律的作用下，煤制油在很多国家都快速退出了能源舞台并长期沉默，同时成就了石油产业的一枝独秀。21.N.Asian，I.UEnal.Optimization Of Some Parameters On Agglomeration Performance Of Zonguldak Bituminous Coal By Oil Agglomeration.Fuel，2009，88(3)（外文文献，检索关键词Coal-to-oil）英文摘要：In this study，the optimization of some parameters

17、on agglomeration performance of Zonguldak bituminous coal by oil agglomeration was discussed。A three-level Box-Behnken design combining with a response surface methodology (RSM) and quadratic programming (QP) were employed for modeling and optimization some operations parameters on oil agglomeration

18、 performance。 The relationship between the responses，grade and recovery，and four process parameters，amount of oil，agitation time，agitation rate and solid content were presented as empirical model equations for both grade and recovery on oil agglomeration。The model equations were then optimized indiv

19、idually using the quadratic programming method to maximize both for grade and recovery within the experimental range studied。 The optimum conditions were found to be 14.61% for amount of oil，8.94 min for agitation time，1554 rpm for agitation rate and 5% for solid content to achieve the maximum grade

20、。The maximum model prediction of 0.650 grade at these optimum conditions is higher than any value obtained in the initial tests conducted。Similarly，the conditions for maximum recovery were found to be 20.60% for amount of oil，5 min for agitation time，1800 rpm for agitation rate and 19.48% for solid

21、content with a prediction of 96.90% recovery，which is also higher than any other recovery obtained in the initial tests conducted。22.Process Engineering.Group Coal-to-oil technique.Process Engineering，2003，84(6) （外文文献，检索关键词Coal-to-oil）英文摘要：Aker Kvaerner is to join forces with ABB to build a coal liq

22、uefaction plant in Inner Mongolia。The project is the first comercial application of a new process，direct coal liquefaction，which converts coal to hydrocarbon liquids via hydrogenation。23COAL TO OIL FACTS.Coal people，2005，28(7) （外文文献，检索关键词Coal-to-oil）英文摘要：The process of turning coal into liquid fuel

23、isnt new。During World War II，General George S。Pattons third Army drained synthetic fuels from captured German vehicles after he overextended his fuel supply lines。 Pattons troops later rolled into Germany using synthetic fuel manufactured from coal。The original process was developed by German resear

24、chers Franz Fischer and Hans Tropsch in the 1920s。The Fischer-Tropsch process，as it came to be known，uses gasified coal or natural gas to produce paraffin wax that can be refined into diesel，naphtha and liquid petroleum gasses such as butane and propane。24Peabody looks at US coal-to-oil .Coal Report

25、，2006，0(140) （外文文献，检索关键词Coal-to-oil）英文摘要：Peabody Energy and Rentech Inc。have entered into a joint development agreement to evaluate sites in the US for coal-to-oil projects that would transform coal into diesel and jet fuel。Projects would be sited in the Midwest and Montana，where Peabody has large r

26、eserves，and would be designed using Rentechs proprietary Fischer-Tropsch coal-to-oil process。Were seeing an overwhelming need for coal-to-liquids developments in the United States to offset reliance on expensive imported oil，and projects like these represent a major part of our energy solutions， sai

27、d peabody president and chief executive officer Gregory Boyce。Because of Peabodys leading reserves，we are uniquely positioned to capitalise on this significant emerging market for coal。Were pleased to partner with Rentech，one of the worlds leading developers of Fischer-Tropsch technologies。25Yingjie

28、 Ren，Dexiang Zhang，Jinsheng Gao .Viscosity variations of coal-oil slurry under high temperature and high pressure during heating process.Fuel Processing Technology，2011，92(12) （外文文献，检索关键词Coal-to-oil）英文摘要：Heating coal-oil slurry (COSL) is an important step in direct coal liquefaction。Some physical an

29、d chemical properties of COSL including its viscosity will change during heating。A rotary viscometer was self-designed to measure the viscosity of COSL under high pressure and temperature。Three kinds of coal，which are Yanzhou coal (middle rank and caking)，Shenhua coal (low rank and non-caking) and S

30、hengli coal (brown coal)，were mixed with anthracene oil to prepare the COSL。The COSL from Yanzhou，Shenhua and Shengli at the same experimental conditions showed different viscosity variations under high hydrogen pressure during heating。 Yanzhou COSL had a higher viscosity peak，while Shenhua COSL had

31、 two small viscosity peaks and in the case of Shengli COSL，no viscosity peak was present under a high hydrogen pressure during the whole heating process。 The coal nature is the important factor of viscosity variations of COSL。The higher the coal rank，the more caking coal is present，and the more obvi

32、ous the viscosity variations of the COSL are。26.Zhiping Lei，Lijuan Gao，Hengfu Shui.Hydrotreatment of heavy oil from a direct coal liquefaction process on sulfided Ni-W/SBA-15 catalysts.Fuel Processing Technology，2011，92(10) （外文文献，检索关键词Coal-to-oil）英文摘要：A series of Ni-W catalysts supported on SBA-15 w

33、ith different pore sizes were prepared by incipient wetness impregnation method and characterized by N2 adsorption-desorption and X-ray diffraction。 The hydrogenation of heavy oil (distillation temperature: 320-340 C) derived from the direct coal liquefaction process using Shengli coal in the presen

34、ce of sulfided Ni-W/SBA-15 catalysts with different pore sizes were evaluated at 400 C and initial H2 pressure of 5.0 MPa。The results showed that the catalyst preparation method and the pore size of the support had a significant influence on the Ni/W crystallite size，hydrodenitrogenation (HDN) and h

35、ydrodearomatization (HDA) activities of coal-derived heavy oil。The larger pore could cause the Ni-W/SBA-15 to form larger Ni-W crystallite。The catalysts with largest pore in the range studied displayed highest HDN and HDA activities for upgrading of the coal-derived heavy oil。27.Karel Svoboda，Michae

36、l Pohorely，Michal Jeremias.Fluidized bed gasification of coal-oil and coal-water-oil slurries by oxygen-steam and oxygen-CO2 mixtures.Fuel Processing Technology，2012，95（外文文献，检索关键词Coal-to-oil）英文摘要：Polish bituminous coal，German brown (subbituminous) coal and rapeseed oil were selected for preparation

37、of coal-oil slurry (COS) and coal-oil in water slurry (COWS) with content of coal about 50 mass%。Laboratory， electrically heated gasifier with fluidized bed (FB) of sand particles was used for the coal slurries gasification with steam-02 and CO2-O2 mixtures (ER = 0，19-0.23) at temperatures between 8

38、00 and 925 C，FB gasification with mixtures of O2/CO2 (CO2/dry fuel mass ratio 1-2，4) can generate producer gas with LHV values about 8-10 MJ/m3，The heating value of the dry，N2-free producer gas from CO2-O2 gasification is lower in comparison with gasification by steam-O2 mixtures at comparable condi

39、tions。The heating value of the producer gas is influenced by a relatively high content of methane，ethylene and BTX compounds。The yield of heavier tar compounds (excluding BTX) is high，exceeding 20 g tar/kg of dry German coal based COS and exceeding 36 g/kg of fuel for Polish coal based COS。Cold gas

40、efficiency is higher for fuel gas from gasification of COS based on the German， subbituminous coal。FB gasification (ER0.2) of the COWS prepared from the Polish coal (contents of coal，water and oil 47，40 and 12 mass% respectively) reduces tar yield approximately to an half (related to gasification of

41、 the corresponding COS slurry)，but simultaneously moderately reduces the heating value (LHV) of the dry，nitrogen free producer gas。28Koichi Ikeda，Seiichi Okada，Michiharu Mochizuki，Tetsuya Takeda，Kouji Sakawaki，Kenji Inokuchi，Jun-Ichiro Hayashi，Tadatoshi Chiba.Vapor-Liquid Distribution of Oil in Coal

42、 Liquiefaction Process.化学工学論文集，2003，29(1) （外文文献，检索关键词Coal-to-oil）英文摘要：Measurements and analyses were performed on high-temperature and high-pressure vapor-liquid distribution in the hot separator and the reactor of a 1-t/d coal liquefaction process supporting unit (PSU)，which simulated the NEDOL pro

43、cess。The vapor-to-liquid molar ratio，measured for the individual fractions of coal-derived oil in the hot separator，was found to decrease from 1.0 to 0.01 with an increase in the average boiling-point temperature from 373 to 798 K。The measured ratios generally coincided well with those calculated us

44、ing the Soave-Redlich-Kwong (SRK) equation， with a slight discrepancy for fractions having boiling point temperatures lower than ca。470 K。The slurry，when directly collected from the reactor，was significantly concentrated due to vaporization of oi1。Based on the degree of concentration of the slurry，t

45、he fractional weight of vaporized oil was estimated to 0.7 or greater，depending on the reactor temperature and the feed ratio of gas to slurry。The observed fractional weights were also well approximated based on the SRK equation。These findings were utilized in operation and optimization of a 150-t/d

46、 pilot plant for the NEDOL process。29C.Skarvelakis.G.Antonini Kinetics of agglomerate growth in a continuous coal-oil purification process.Powder Technology，1995，85(2) （外文文献，检索关键词Coal-to-oil）英文摘要：A continuous coal-oil agglomeration process has been developed in a pilot plant for continuous coal puri

47、fication prior to coal-water slurry preparation。The kinetics of agglomerate growth has been studied and a model has been adopted for the continuous process。This model is in a good accordance with the model proposed by Rao and Vanangamudi，for bath coal-oil agglomeration conditions。The size distributi

48、on of coal particles after agglomeration has been predicted using a characteristic curve，which utilizes the value of the feed top size of coal and the estimation of the mean size d_(sv) (surface-volume) of agglomerates。It becomes also possible to quantify the coal recovery after passing agglomerates

49、 over a given sieve-bend。A description of agglomerate characteristics is then possible in terms of relationships giving the agglomerate mean diameter versus other characteristics of coal agglomerates，such as included moisture and rate of ash removal after separation process。30A Sirkar，S J Sahu.Prosp

50、ects of Manufacturing Oil from Coal Journal of the Institution of Engineers (India).Chemical Engineering Division，2009，90(Sep.18) （外文文献，检索关键词Coal-to-oil）英文摘要：Rapid increase of price of crude in international market coupled with fluctuations in the price and its supply dwindling due to limited reserv

51、e calls for coal liquefaction to supply liquid fuel。However，none of the technologies in this area has been commercialized yet。Only coal liquefaction plant existing is the-one in South Africa (Sasol) which is based on Fischer Tropsch process of indirect liquefaction。Direct liquefaction technologies d

52、eveloped in USA in 70s and 80s are now economically viable in view of high price of crude。Yield of oil by Fischer Tropsch process is only 1.5 bbl per ton of coal whereas the direct liquefaction technologies produce oil anywhere from 2。5 bbl/t to 4。5 bbl/t of coal，and the corresponding price of oil (

53、maximum) ranges from $30/bbl to $18/bbl of oil which is lower than crude oil price。Countries who have abundant reserve of coal may find it economical to produce oil now，using technologies developed in USA in a selective manner only，because of coal variety that has either high ash or high sulfur。Conv

54、entional technologies and improved version of existing technologies have been presented with emphasis on improved version of solid phase (dry) hydrogenation technology which holds lot of promise for successful implementation of coal liquefaction to supply liquid fuel。 Noveldesigns of reactor for dry

55、 hydrogenation have been conceptualized which consist of different preheater designs。Yield of oil by dry hydrogenation is higher than liquid phase hydrogenation and it does not require any external catalyst thus，making it the cheapest technology also，because residence time in the reactor is only 20 s to 30 s compared to liquid phase hydrogenation in which residence time is kept anywhere from 20 min to 2 h。 A block flow diagram of coal refinery based on dry hydrogenation has also been presented。