2017-2018学年高中英语Module4GreatScientistsSection

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1、Module 4 Great Scientists Section Introduction &Reading-Language Points一、这样记单词记得准 写得对记得快记得多1.leading adj . 主要的 同义 major, chief, primary. 基础词汇 2.breakthrough n突破1.biology n 生物学词块 make a breakthrough 取得突破；2.figure n. 人物攻破3.species n. (动物或植物的 ) 种4.yield n.产量联想 breakthrough 是由短语break through 构成的合成词，

2、类似的还有：5.breakthrough n. 突破put out output n 生产，输出 产量，6.support vt . 支持输出7.convert vt . 改变；转换8.export vt . 出口break out 爆发 outbreak n爆发，发作9.replace vt . 取代；以 代替10.quantity n. 数量come out 出现 outcome n结果，后果stand out outstanding adj. 突出，显眼11.quality n.质量杰出的. 拓展词汇 n3.yield 产量1.producer n produce v 生产者 生产 同义

3、 production; outputproduct n production n 产品 生产，4.export vt . & n出口产量 反义 import v. & n进口2.leading adj . 主要的 leader n领袖5.quantity n数量lead v带领，通往 比较 quality n质量3.educate vt . 教育 education n教育6.producer n 生产者educator n教育者记法 后缀-er 是名词的标志， 表示从事某 4.original adj . 原来的；最初的 origin种职业的人n起源 origin ally adv. 最初

4、，原先5.agriculture n农业 agricultural adj .农业的photographer摄影师performer 演出人员cleaner 清洁工 reporter记者manager经理 writer 作家7.convert vt . 改变；转换 同义 change; switch二、这样记短语记牢固定短语多积常用词块1.bring up 培养；养 1.a leading figure 一位杰出人育 士2as a result of 由于 的结果 2give sb. a nickname给某人起绰号3experiment with sth. 用某物做实验 3make a br

5、eakthrough 取得突破4bring in赚(钱) ；带进；传入 4different types of 不同类型的 5the key to . 的关键5from all over China 来自全国各地6be interested in .对 感兴趣 6cash crop经济作物7rise by 增加了 7crop breeding 作物育种8convert . to . 把 转变成 8come true实现9carry out贯彻，实施，执行 9in the field of science 在科学领域三、这样记句式先背熟 再悟通 后仿用1.He thought that the

6、keyto feeding people was to I think that the key tohave more rice and to learning English well is不定式短语作表语， 表示对主produce it more quickly. to_practice_more. 语的解释说明。他认为，解决人们吃饭问题的 我认为学好英语的关键是多关键在于拥有更多的稻米， 并 加练习。且能更快地生产出来。2.He thought there was onlyone way to do this by She could no longer find way 作“方式，方

7、法”讲时，crossing different species a_way_to_get_into the其后面常接 to do 或 ofof rice plant . valley. doing 作定语。他想只有一种方法可以做这她再也找不到进山谷的路了。件事 通过杂交不同品种2的水稻 3.Its yield is much greater The filmsthan the yield of other directed_by_Feng_Xiaogangtypes of rice grown in is popular with young过去分词( 短语) 作后置定语。Pakistan .

8、 people.它的产量比巴基斯坦种植的冯小刚导演的电影很受年轻其他类型的水稻要高很多。 人的欢迎。1( 教材 P32)In the rice-growing world, the Chinese scientist, Yuan Longping,is a leading figure .在水稻种植领域，中国科学家袁隆平是一位杰出人士。figure n 人物；数字；体形；图形 vt.计算；认为写出下列句中 figure 的含义He is an important political figure in Indian history. 人物The wall is covered with fig

9、ures of birds and flowers.图形I will exercise more to keep my figure . 体形Add all the figures , and youll get a larger one. 数字figure out计算出；想出；弄明白，理解keep ones figure 保持体形Samcouldnt figure out how to print out the document until the teacher showedit to him.直到老师给萨姆做了演示之后，他才明白怎样把文档打印出来。Many women want to

10、keep their figure s by taking more exercise these days.如今，很多女性都想通过多运动保持体形。形象记忆2.( 教材 P32)Yuan Longping was born and brought up in China.袁隆平在中国出生并长大。3bring up 培养，养育；提出；呕吐写出下列句中 bring up 的含义He brought up a practical plan in the meeting, which brought down the costof production. 提出He was drunk and brou

11、ght up what he had eaten at midnight. 呕吐Her parents died when she was a baby and she was brought up by her aunt.养育bring about 引起；导致bring back 归还；使想起bring down 降低；减少bring in 引进；赚得，挣得The question whether it is good for children to be brought up by theirgrandparents brought about a heated discussion.孩子

12、被他们的祖父母抚养大是否对孩子有好处这个问题引起了一场热烈的讨论。The government has tak en measures to bring down the high prices of daily goodsto keep the market stable.为了使市场稳定，政府已采取措施降低日用品的高价格。New ideas have been brought in since China was opened to the outside world.中国自对外开放以来，引进了很多新的思想。3( 教材 P32)This was the breakthrough .这是一个突

13、破。breakthrough n( 知识或技术领域的重大 ) 突破make a breakthrough 取得突破 ( 进展)break through 冲破，突破，克服An important breakthrough in medical research has been achieved.医学研究院已取得了重大突破。Scientists have made a breakthrough in their treatment of that disease.科学家在治疗那种疾病方面已有所突破。Our soldiers quickly broke through the enemys de

14、fence works.我们的战士很快突破了敌人的防御工事。4( 教材 P32)The research was supported by the government.这项研究得到了政府的支持。support vt . 支持，拥护；供养，抚养；支撑，托住 n. 支撑物；支持写出下列句中 support 的词性及意思4The majority of people in the town strongly support the plan to build aplayground for children. v. 支持，拥护We couldnt win the match without the

15、ir support . n. 支持The middle part of the bridge is supported by two huge towers. v. 支撑，托住He needs a higher income to support such a big family. v. 供养，抚养support sb. in sth. 在 方面支持某人in support of 支持，拥护with the support of 在 的支持下In_support_of his sister, he sold his only house to pay the school fee.为了支持

16、他的妹妹，他卖掉了他唯一的房子为妹妹支付学费。We believe China-North Korea ties will be with the support of the leadersand people of the two countries.我们相信中朝两国的关系会得到两国人民及领导人的支持。5( 教材 P32) As a result of Yuan Longpings discoveries Chinese rice productionrose by 47.5 percent in the 1990s.由于袁隆平的发现，中国的水稻产量在 20 世纪90 年代增长了 47.5

17、%。as a result of 因为，由于 ( 表示原因 ) ；作为 的结果(1)as a result结果，因此without result ( in vain) 徒劳地，无结果地(2)result in导致，造成 ( 后接结果 )( lead to/bring about)result from 起因于，因 而造成 ( 后接原因 )The football match was put off as a result of the storm.由于暴风雨，足球赛被推迟了。His laziness resulted_in his failure; thats to say, his fail

18、ure resulted_fromhis laziness.懒惰导致了他的失败，也就是说，他的失败是由于他的懒惰造成的。He studied hard last term and, as_a_result,_he passed the examination.上学期他学习很用功，结果考试及格了。 辨析比较 as a result, as a result ofas a result 意为“因此；结果”，后面的部分表示结果，用在句中常用逗号隔开as a result 意为“作为 的结果；由于”， of 后跟名词、代词或动名词，表示原of因选用上述短语完成句子5As_a_result_of the

19、 big fire, thousands of people lost their homes.There was a big fire. As_a_result,_thousands of people lost their homes.由于这场大火，数以万计的人们失去了家园。6( 教材 P32)The new rice replaced vegetables in 50 thousand square kilometres.在 5 万平方千米的田地中，这种新型水稻种植取代了蔬菜种植。replace vt. 取代，以 代替；放回原处You have to replace the books

20、on the shelves before you leave.你离开之前必须把书放回书架上。Do you think it is possible that robots will replace the workers in theworkplace in the future?你认为未来机器人会取代工人工作吗？replace sth. with/by sth. 用/ 以 代替 / 替换 take the place of take ones place 代替in place of 代替It is still under discussion whether the old bus sta

21、tion should be replacedwith a modern hotel or not.老汽车站是否应该被一个现代化的宾馆代替仍然在讨论之中。John is il l and I want to know who is going to replace him .John is ill and I want to know who is going to take the place of him/take hisplace.约翰病了，我想知道谁将代替他。7( 教材 P33)A yield refers to quantity .产量指的是数量。quantity n 数量(1)a

22、large quantity of 可数名词/ 不可数名词大量的 ( 作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式 )large quantities of n. 可数名词/ 不可数名词大量的 ( 作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式 )(2)in quantity 大量地，成批地Now many companies are more concerned with quality than with quantity .现在很多公司对质量比对产量更重视。A quantity of money has been spent in bringing up his children.Quantities of money

23、have_been_spent (spend) in bringing up his children.他在教育孩子方面花了许多钱。6This medicine will be produced in_quantity next year.这种药明年将要大量生产。 名师点津 a large quantity of 和 large quantities of 后既可修饰可数名词也修饰不可数名词，修饰名词作主语时，谓语动词的数和 quantity 的数保持一致，即 quantity若是单数，则谓语动词用单数；反之，则谓语动词用复数。1He thought that the key to feedi

24、ng people was to have more rice and to produceit more quickly.他认为，解决人们吃饭问题的关键在于拥有更多的稻米，并且能更快地生产出来。句中 to have more rice and to produce it more quickly 是不定式短语作表语，表示对主语的解释说明。Our duty is to help the young children to grow better.我们的职责是帮助孩子们更好地成长。My dream is to_be (be) an expert in education.我的梦想是当一个教育方面

25、的专家。Our plan is to_set_up another middle school for the peasants children.我们的计划是给农民子弟再建一所中学。 名师点津 不定式短语作表语时，若主语部分含有动词 do 的某种形式，在不定式中的 to 可以省略。The only thing that she wants to do now is ( to ) go for a holiday .现在她唯一想做的事就是去度假。2He thought there was only one way to do this by crossing different species

26、of rice plant, and then he could produce a new plant which could give a higher yieldthan either of the original plants.他想只有一种方法可以做这件事通过杂交不同品种的水稻， 然后他可以培育出一种新的水稻，这种水稻可以比原先的任何一种产量更高。本句中的 way 作“方式，方法”讲，其后面常接三种形式的定语：不定式 the way to do sth.动名词 the way of doing sth.定语从句 the way 错误!As far as Im concerned, t

27、here is only one possible way to keep/of keepingaway from the danger.7在我看来，只有一种可能的方法可以远离危险。I dont like the way (in_which/that) he speaks.我不喜欢他说话的方式。The way (that/which) he told us surprised all of us.他告诉我们的方法使我们所有人都很吃惊。. 单句语法填空1Up to now, large quantities of food have_been_sent (send) to Africa to s

28、avethe starving people.2More and more people realize that the key to_solving (solve) the problem isto_reduce (reduce) pollution.3Tom is the first student to_work (work) out the math problem.4Since then finding ways to_grow (grow) more peanuts has been his life goal.5Does he have the ability to_do (d

29、o) the work?6The professor thought that the idea the young engineer brought up was worthconsidering.7Parents always support their children in their education.8It has been discovered that the traffic accident resulted from the driverscareless driving.9We are planning to replace the old machines with/

30、by some new ones.10We cant figure out why quite a number of insects, birds, and animals aredying out. 选词填空bring up ， make a breakthrough ， be interested in ， figure out ， in place of ，as a result of ， in support of ， in quantity1Have you figured_out how much during the holiday you will cost?2Your su

31、ggestion will be brought_up at the next meeting.3China made_a_great_breakthrough in the Han Dynasty in printing.4Its a pity that only a few people spoke in_support_of the proposal.85Mary is a good student, but she failed in the final exam as_a_result_of herillness.6I will go to this meeting in_place

32、_of you, if you are not free.7Its a lot cheaper if you buy it in_quantity.8Unfortunately, fewer and fewer people are_interested_in reading.一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高. 单词拼写1Your work has improved in quantity ( 数量) and quality ( 质量) this term.2His original ( 原来的 ) idea was to build a house in the country, but at

33、lasthe bought a flat in the town.3Im short of money, and cant afford a new car to replace ( 替换 ) my old one.4This kind of computers is made mainly for export ( 出口) 5Has any breakthrough ( 突破) ever been made in the cure of AIDS recently?6Local people have given us a lot of support ( 支持) in our campai

34、gn.7He was one of the greatest figures ( 人物) in history.8The number of people employed in agriculture ( 农业) has fallen in the lastdecade.9To our great delight ，production ( 产量) of our company was up last month.10They converted ( 改变；转换 ) the study into a nursery room when the baby wasborn. 单句改错1A qua

35、ntity of food are being carried to the poor village. areis2Nothing can take place of a mothers love.take 后加 the3Its reported that the accident resulted from the death of two people. fromin4A scientist must produce evidence in support to a theory. to of5Surgeons have made great breakthrough in the ki

36、dney transplantation ( 肾移植) made后加_a6 The key to protect wild animals is to punish hunters seriously.protect protecting7I dont like the way which he speaks to his mother. whichthat 或在 which9前加 in8 Its reported that the population of the city has increased to 20percent. to by. 完成句子1The government is

37、trying to find a way to_improve_food_safety.政府正在努力寻找提高食品安全的方法。2He felt so sick that he brought_up_what_he_ate.他感觉很难受，把吃的东西全吐了出来。3She won the scholarship as_a_result_of_her_hard_work.由于学习努力，她获得了奖学金。4Mr. Smith will go to Beijing next month, when a new English teacher willtake_the_place_of_him/take_his

38、_place to teach us.史密斯先生下一个月去北京，到时会有一位新的英语老师来代替他教我们英语。5Large quantities of sand have_been_washed_away by the heavy rain.暴雨冲走了很多沙子。6The question is how_to_improve_our_spoken_English.问题是如何提高我们的英语口语水平。7 If you grow up in a large family, you are more likely to developthe_ability_to_get_on_well_with_othe

39、rs.如果你在一个大家庭中长大，你更有可能培养与他人融洽相处的能力。8 Its said that scientists have_made_a_big_breakthrough in the cancertreatment.据说科学家们在癌症的治疗方面已取得突破性进展。. 课文语法填空Yuan Longping is a 1.leading (lead) figure in the rice-growing world, born andbrought up in China. When he was a boy, he was educated in many schools, and w

40、asgiven the nickname, “the student 2. who/that asks questions. ”He was interested in plants from 3.an early age, and he studied agriculture incollege. 4.As a young teacher, he began experiments in crop breeding. He thoughtthere was only one way 5.to_have (have) more rice quickly. That was to cross d

41、ifferentspecies of rice plant. Then he began his search 6.for a special type of rice plant.It had to be male and sterile. Whenthe 7.naturally (nature) sterile male rice plantwas discovered in 1970, it was a breakthrough. As a result, Chinas rice productionrose 8.by 47.5% in the 1990s. And 50 thousan

42、d square kilometers of rice fields109.were_converted (convert) to growing vegetables and other cash crops. 10.Following(follow) this, Yuan Longpings rice was exported to some other countries. 串点成篇微表达众所周知，读书是打开知识宝库的关键 (the key) 。由于 (as a result of) 电子产品的出现，如手机、网络等，人们越来越依赖它们。而越来越少的人对读书感兴趣 (beintereste

43、d in) 。更多著名科学家被请来 (bring in) 以找到解决这个问题的方法。很多人在会上提出 (bring up) 了各种建议。通过读书，人们的头脑可以变得 (convert) 更灵活。我们认为 (figure out) 读书人的数量可能会上升 (rise by) 60% 。As_we_all_know,_reading_is_the_key_to_the_treasure_house_of_knowledge._As_a_result_of_the_electric_products,_such_as_phones,_the_Internet,_people_rely_more_on

44、_them._Unfortunately ，fewer_and_fewer_people_are_interested_in_reading._More_famous_scientists_were_brought_in_to_find_out_a_solution_to_this_problem._Many_of_them_brought_up_all_kinds_of_suggestions_at_the_meeting._People_can_be_converted_to_ open-minded _ones_by_reading_more._We_figure_out_that_th

45、e_number_will_rise_by_60%.二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧. 完形填空There was a couple who used to go to England to shop in the beautiful stores._1_ of them liked antiques and pottery, especially _2_.One day in a _3 _ they saw a beautiful teacup. They said, “May we see that?Weve _4_ seen one so beautiful. ” As the lady

46、handed it to them, _5_ the teacupspoke.“You dont _ 6_，” it said. “I havent always been a teacup. There was atime that I was red clay. My _7_ took me, rolled me and patted me over and overand I yelled out, Leave me alone. But he only smiled, Not yet. Then he putme in the oven. I never felt such _8_.

47、I wondered why he wanted to _9_ me, andI yelled, and knocked _10_ the door. I could see him through the opening and Icould _11 _ his lips as he shook his head, Not yet. Then I knew there wasntany _12_. I would never make it. I was ready to _13_. But the door opened andhe took me out and placed me on

48、 the shelf. One hour later he handed me a _14_ andsaid, Look at yourself. And I did. I said, Thats not me; that couldnt beme. Its _15_. I want you to remember, then ， he said. I know it hurts you11to be rolled and patted. _16_ if I had just left you alone, youd have dried up.I know it hurt and was h

49、ot and _17_ in the oven, but if I hadnt put you there,you would have _18_. Now you are a finished product. You are _19_ I had in mindwhen I first began with you. ”If you do not _20_ the wind and rain, how can you see the rainbow?语篇解读： 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。 文章以拟人的手法描述了精美茶杯的制作过程。 从红泥到茶杯成形需要经过烈火的历练。这一过程告诉我们：玉不琢，

50、不成器。1A.All BBothCNeither D None解析：选 B 由上文提到了 a couple 及下文语境可知，他们两人都喜欢古董和陶器，故选 B 项。all 用于三者或三者以上； neither ，none 用于否定句中。2A.bowls B bottlesCglasses D teacups解析：选 D 下文主要围绕 teacup 来讲述，故此处应选 teacups 。3A.garden B churchCshop D hall解析：选 C 由文章首句“ .to shop in the beautiful stores. ”可知，他们是去商店购物，故选 shop。4A.neve

51、r B oftenCalways D ever解析：选 A 由上文他们想看这个茶杯可知，他们从来没有见过这么漂亮的茶杯。5A.slowly B suddenlyCquickly D gradually解析：选 B 茶杯开口说话，对这对夫妇来说是突然地，含有意外之意。6A.answer B complainCworry D understand解析：选 D 由茶杯介绍自己的成品过程来看，茶杯认为别人不明白。7A.father B brotherCmaster D inventor解析：选 C 这里应该是指茶杯的主人。 master 意为“主人”。8A.warmth B heatCcoolness

52、 D coldness解析：选 B warmth 意为“温暖”； heat 意为“热”；coolness 意为“凉爽”； coldness意为“寒冷”。由上文“ Then he put me in the oven. ”可知，炉火的温度是很高的，故12只能用 heat 。9A.burn B killChurt D heat解析：选 A 主人把它放在炉火中是为了烧制茶杯，没有想杀它或是伤害它的意思。句意：我想知道他为什么想烧我。10A.down B outCinto D at解析：选 D knock at the door 为固定搭配，意为“敲门”。茶杯敲门是想让主人放它出去。11A.find

53、B touchCread D feel解析：选 C read 在此意为“读懂”。12A.idea B hopeCadvice D opinion解析：选 B 由上文中“ shook his head”“Not yet. ”及下文中“ I would never makeit. ”可知，茶杯对主人能放自己出去已经不抱希望了。13A.give up B set outChelp out D work on解析：选 A 上文茶杯说自己已经不抱有希望，因此准备要放弃。14A.telephone B photoCpaper D mirror解析：选 D 由下文“Look at yourself. ”可知

54、，主人拿镜子让茶杯看自己。15A.secret B luckyCbeautiful D strange解析：选 C 由上文“. they saw a beautiful teacup ”可知，成形后的茶杯很漂亮。16A.And B ButCSo D Or解析：选 B 前后形成转折关系，故用 but 。17A.disagreeable B comfortableCvaluable D changeable解析：选 A disagreeable 意为“不愉快的”； comfortable 意为“舒服的”； valuable意为“珍贵的”； changeable 意为“易变的”。在火炉中很热，自然是

55、不愉快的。18A.succeeded B remained13Csurvived D cracked解析：选 D 句意：如果我不把你放在那里，你将会裂开。由常识可知，烧制好的瓷器比红土结实得多。19A.who B whichCwhat D that解析：选 C 句意：你现在就是开始时我想象中的样子。20A.avoid B experienceCexpect D promise解析：选 B 不经历风雨，怎么见彩虹？ experience 意为“经历”。. 短文改错The book Im reading of talks about afternoon tea in Britain. It is

56、said to havestarted in the early 1800s. Have tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge betweenlunch and dinner, that might not be served until 8 oclock at night. This customsoon becomes another meal of day. Interesting, it had a connection by the Britishporcelain ( 瓷器) industry. Tea in China was t

57、raditionally drank from cups withouthandles. When tea got popular in Britain, there was a crying need for good cup withhandles to suit British habits. This made for the grow in the porcelain industry.答案：第一句：去掉 of第三句：HaveHaving; that which第四句：becomesbecame; of 后加 the第五句：Interesting Interestingly; by with/to第六句：drankdrunk第七句：cupcups第八句：growgrowth14