主动形式表被动含义之欧阳学创编

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1、主动形式表被动含义时间:2021.03. 03创作：欧阳学1. feel, taste, sound, smell, look 等感官动词和 keep, remain, stay, seem, appear, prove等表示状态的系动词后接 形容词/名词/介词短语或“to be + 形容词（名词厂作表语时， 这些动词常常以主动形式表示披动含义，此时句子的主语 是被感知或描述的对象。 例如： Silk feels very soft. 丝绸摸上去很柔软？ What you said sounded a bit reasonable.你说的听起来有点 道理？The little baby loo

2、ks like a small cat.这婴儿看上去像只小猫？ My room keeps clean all the time.我的房间一直（被）保持得 很干净？Einsteins tlieoiy later proved （to be） true.爱因斯坦的理论后 来 （披） 证 明 是 正 确 的？ 2. wash, write, wear, sell, read, dry, clean, run, open 等动词作 谓语时，常可用主动形式表示披动含义，注意:这类动词往 往与easily, well, badly, smoothly等副词连用，表示主语的 厲性特征。例如：This ki

3、nd of cloth washes easily.这种布很好洗。Food of this kind sells well.这种食品很好卖。Nylon cleans easily尼龙容易洗干净。The coat dries easily 这种外衣容易干。3. take place, happen, hang, measure, weigh等描述状态的不及物动词和短 语动词可以用主动形式表示披动含义。例如： Great changes have taken place in our school in the last 5 years.过去5年里我们学校发生了巨大的变化。The hen weig

4、hs 3 kg.这只母鸡 3 公斤重。His family photo hangs highly between the two windows.他的全家福（照片）高高地（披）挂在两个窗户之间。4. 与 can?t/won?t/hardly/never等连用的不及物动词，如 open, shut, move, lock 等，常可用主动形式表示被动含义。例如: The door wont open.这门就是不能（披）打开。The glass never moves!这个杯子永远都不能动。5. wear, blow, fly等 一些不及物动词用于“主语 +谓语 + （to be） + 形容词结构

5、中时，可用主动形式表示披动含义。例如： The trousers have worn old.裤子已经穿旧了。The window blew open.窗户被吹开了。6. need, require, want 等表示需 要”意义的动词，后接动词的ing的主动形式往往表示披动 含义。例如：The paper cant come out, because it needs improving.这篇论文不能发表，因为它还需要修改。The oldbuilding requires painting again.这栋老房子需要再粉刷一 遍。注怠:前面两句也可以改为：The paper cant com

6、eout, because it needs to be improved. The old building requires to be painted again. 7.用“be （well） woith/deseive + doing结构也可以表示披动 含义。例如：误：His idea is very worth considering.他的越法值得考 虑。 正：The film Hero is well worth seeing a second time. 电影英雄很值得再看一遍？The place deserves a visit/visiting/to be visited.8

7、.当动词 不定式作定语且与前面披修饰的名词或代词有动宾关系， 其逻辑主语是句子的主语或间接宾语时，用该不定式的主 动形式常常可以表示披动含义。（不定式作定语，放在被 修饰词后面，与前面披修饰的名词或代词有动宾关系，又 在句子中与另一名词或代词有主谓关系，不定式要用主动 表 被 动 含 义。）例 如：I have a lot of problems to settle at present.目前我有许多问 题需要解决？Do you have anything else to say?你还有什么要说的？Tom is looking for a room to live in. Tom 在找一间住的

8、 房间。（与room 有动宾关系，与Tom 有主谓关系）He has a family to support. 他要维持一个家庭。（与family有动宾关系，与he有主谓关系）Have you got any clothes to wash today? 今天你有什么衣服要洗 吗？（指 披 问 的 人 洗 衣 服） 比较：Have you got any clothes to be washed today?你今天有什么衣服要洗吗？（指问话的人洗衣服） 注意:在rheie be句式中，如果动词不定式前没有明 确的逻辑主语时,不定式用主动形式或披动形式均可，如果 有逻辑主语，则用不定式的主动形式

9、？例如： 有 五 封 信 等 着 回 复？ There are five letters to answer/to be answered. （也可译为：There are five letters for me to answer.） 9 difficult, easy, important, comfortable, convenient, dangerous, hard, cheap, expensive 等形容词（表示难易、 利弊等含义）作表语或宾语补足语时，动词不定式在其后 作状语，并与句子的主语构成动宾关系时，应用动词不定 式的主动形式表示披动含义。结构：主语+系动词+形容 词 +

10、 不定式； 动词+宾语+形容词+不定式。例如： I find that his books are always difficult to understand.我发现 他的书总是很难理解。My brother is easy to deal with.我兄 弟很容易相处。The math problem is not easy to work otH.这道数学题不易解出。The question is difficult to answer.这个问题很难回答。I found the car comfortable to ride in.我觉得这种车很好 坐。 10.主语是 much, a g

11、reat deal, little, what 等，其表 语如是不定式，则用不定式的主动表披动。What is to do?做什么？Much is to do.太多要做的事。11. 一些固定句式中的主动形式常农示披动含义。例 如:Who is to blame for the accident?谁该为这起事故负责？You are to blame for the accident.你应为这事受动责 备。The house is to lc匸此房出租。A lot remains to do.还剩下许多事情要做。 12. 些 “介词 +名词构成的介词短语表示披动含义。例如：Class Three

12、is in the charge of Mr Chen.三班由陈老师负责？ The building is in the possession of Tom.这栋楼是汤姆的？ The plan is under discussion at the meeting.计划正在会上讨 论？Dont wonyverything is under control.别着急,一切都在学握之中?巩固练习1. ItisTomwhowasfortheincident.A. to blame B blaming C blamed D. to be blaming2. There were three e-mails

13、 for the secretary.A. to be replied B. to reply to C. to reply D to be replied to3.Onthewalltwolareportraits.A.hangsB. hangC. ishangedD hanged4.Thehousefacingtheriverhim.A.is inpossessionof B.ispossession ofC.is in the possessionof D. isin thepossession by5.TheoldmaniseasyA.to get alongB. togetalong

14、 withC.to begot alongD. tobe got along with6.一Haveyou moved inthenew house?No.ItneedsA.cleanedB. cleaningC. to clean D.being cleaned7.Thiskind ofclothwellbutshort.A.is washed;lastsB. washes; islastedC.washes; lastsD.is washed; islasted&Insummerfreshmeat usuallylong.A. cant be kept E. caif t keep C.

15、isnt kept D. isnt keeping9 The question that the teacher raised was difficult formeA. to answer B. to be answered C. to be answering D answer10. What my mother saidto be true in the end.A proved B. proving C. is proved D. to be proved 11 The book is not interesting enoughA. to be publishing B. to pu

16、blish C publish D. published12. The old woman requirespatiently.A. to take care of B. to be taken care ofC. being taken care of D being taken care13. I cant go with you, because I have a lot of things.A. to settle B settling C to be settled D settled14. Doiftbe wonied.Yourproblemsare.A. indiscussion

17、B.underdiscussionC. in thediscussionD. under thediscussion15.Thismuseumistwice.A. very worth being visited B. well worth being visitedC. very worth visiting D. well worth visiting16. I learned yesterday that all these kind of problems areMrSmith.A. in chargeB. in charge of C. in a charge of D. in the chargeofKey: 1-5 ABBCB6-10BCBAA1M6BBABD时间：2021.03. 03创作：欧阳学