考研中医综合-中药学(十)

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1、中医综合-中药学（十）(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、Section I Use of English (总题数：1，分数：10.00)A recent poll indicated that half the teenagers in the United States believe that communication between them and their parents is (1) and further that one of the prime causes of this gap is(2) listening behavior. As a(an) (3)

2、 in point, one parent believed that her daughter had a severe (4) problem. She was so (5) that she took her to an audiologist to have her ear tested. The audiologist carefully tested both ears and reported back to the parent:Theres nothing wrongwith her hearing. Shes just (6) you out.A leading cause

3、 of the (7) divorce rate (more than half of all marriages end in divorce) is thefailure of husbands and wives to (8) effectively. They dont listen to each other. Neither person (9) to the actual message sent by the other.In (10) fashion, political scientists report that a growing number of people be

4、lieve that their elected and (11) officials are out of (12) with the constituents they are supposedly (13) Why?Because they dont believe that they listen to them. In fact, it seems that sometimes our politicians dont even listen to themselves. The following is a true story: At a national (14) confer

5、ence held in Albuquerque some years ago, then Senator Joseph Montoya was (15) a copy of a press release by a press aide shortly before he got up before the audience to (16) a speech. When he rose to speak, (17) the horror of the press aide and the (18) of his audience, Montoya began reading the pres

6、s release, not his speech. He began, For immediate release. Senator Joseph M. Montoya, Democrat of New Mexico, last night told the National. Montoya read the entiresix page release, (19) with the statement that he was repeatedly (20) by applause. /(分数：10.00)(1).A scarce B little C rare D poor(分数：0.5

7、0)A.B.C.D. V解析：考点词汇辨析解析空格处填入的形容词在句子中充当表语，说明“青少年与父母的交流是 。”空格后面部分提到，造成这种隔阂(gap)的首要原因是聆听的行为。由此可知，这里讨论的是聆听对人与人之间交流效果的影响，不是交流少，而是交流不好，所以D选项poor正确。干扰项分析A选项scarce和B选项little都强调数量，而文中强调的是交流的程度；C选项rare强调事物因罕见而珍贵，而文中需要的是表贬义的词。故都排除。.A malignant B deficient C ineffective D feeble(分数：0.50 )A.B. VC.D.解析：考点词汇辨析解析空格

8、处填入的形容词修饰listening behavior ，说明“ 听的行为会造成父母和孩子之间沟通不好”。B选项deficient 意为not good enough，在文中指不完善的聆听的行为”，符合文意。干扰项分析A选项malignant贬义程度太深，不适合描述父母和孩子之间的行为。 D选项feeble形容人 时表示“虚弱无力的”，形容事物时表示“无效的，无力的”，和C选项ineffective 近义，如a feebleargument/joke无力的证据/干巴巴的笑话。由紧接着的下文的举例可知，这里说的聆听的行为是指主观上 拒绝倾听。因此强调客观效度的C、D选项也不适合。（3）.A ca

9、se B example C lesson D suggestion （分数： 0.50 ）A. VB.C.D.解析： 考点 固定搭配 解析 本题考查考生对固定搭配的掌握程度。 a case in point “典型的例子”是固定搭配，指 a clear example of something that you are discussing or explaining ，相当于 for example ，引出下文的例 子。 干扰项分析 an example “一个例子”， a lesson “一课，一次教训”， a suggestion “一个建议”，均 不与 in point 搭配。（4）

10、.A audio B aural C hearing D listening（分数： 0.50 ）A.B.C. VD.解析： 考点 固定搭配 解析 由上下文语义可知，该处意为：一位母亲认为她女儿有严重的听力问题。表达这个含义的固定搭配是 hearing problem 。 干扰项分析 A 选项 audio “音频的，声频的”，如： audio and video equipment（ 视听设备 ） ； B 选项 aural “听觉的”，如： a musical with plenty of visual and aural appeal（ 出颇娱人耳目的音乐喜 剧） ；D 选项 listeni

11、ng “收听的，注意的”。（5）.A believing B convinced C assured D doubtless（分数： 0.50 ）A.B. VC.D.解析： 考点 词汇辨析 解析 空格处的形容词与 so.that结构搭配，作句子的表语。该句与前一句属于一个意群，都是举例中的叙述内容。根据语义，空格处的词与上句的谓语 believe 呼应，即 she was. 结构表示“她相信”。 B 选项 convinced 和 be 搭配，表示“确信的，深信的”，因此原文意为：她 （母亲 ）（ 对女儿有严重听力问题 ） 如此确信不疑，于是就带着女儿去看听觉病矫治专家。 干扰项分析 A 选项

12、believing 无法表达这种含义。 C 选项 assured 修饰人作表语时，一般后面接有 of 短 语或 that 从句，表示“肯定得到某物或达到某个目标”，如 He is assured of a place in the final （ 他 在决赛中肯定有一席之地。 ）D 选项 doubtless 多用作副词，做形容词修饰人时指“免除危险的恐惧，感到 安全”，如： The child slept doubtless and secure（6）.A turning B tuning C tucking D tugging（分数： 0.50 ）A.B. VC.D.解析： 考点 词汇辨析解

13、析符合上下文的只有 B选项，tune sb. out “不理睬，不注意”，文中表示“女儿不理睬她的母亲”。干扰项分析四个选项中只有 C选项的核心动词tuck “把夹人，把藏入”不能与空格后的sb .out结构搭配，如： He tucked the letter in a book so he wouldnt lose it （ 他把那封信夹在一本书里以免丢失）。但A D选项不符合下文语意。turn sb. out赶出，解雇，罢免，女口The voters turned outtheir local representatives.（选民把他们的当地代表给罢免了。）tug sb . out费力拉

14、出或拖出”，如：We tugged her out .（我们费力地把她拉了出来。）（7）.A rising B arising C raising D arousing（分数： 0.50 ）B.C.D.解析： 考点 词汇辨析 解析 空格处填入的形容词修饰 divorce rate ，在含义上是指夫妻间倾听失败的结果。 A 选项 rising 与 divorce rate 搭配意为“上升的离婚率”，符合文意。干扰项分析B选项arising 多作后置定语，接 out of或from sth .，表示“由引起/产生的，如injuries arising out of an accident（由事故造

15、成的伤害）。C选项raise 是及物动词，因此作定语表达提高的，提升的”含义时，常用过去分词，如raised eyebrow ； D选项arouse也是及物动词，因此也常用过去分词作定语，如 aroused curiosity（ 激起的兴趣 ） 。它们的现在分词形式 raising 和 arousing 多在 句中作状语。（8）.A exchange B interchange C encounter D interact（分数： 0.50 ）A.B.C.D. V解析： 考点 词汇辨析 解析 空格处填入的动词是说明“夫妻之间 的失败导致了离婚率的上升”。全文主要讨论了人与人之间的交流问题，所以

16、 D 选项正确，如： Playing a game is a way for a family to interact. （ 一起做游戏是家庭交流的一种方法。 ）干扰项分析A选项exchange交换，兑换”，如： They exchanged heated words .（他们激烈争吵。）B 选项 interchange “互换，使相互易位”，如： The two boys interchanged caps （ 两个孩子把帽子换着 戴。 ）C 选项 encounter “遭遇，遇到”，如： I encountered a former classmate in the theatre （ 我

17、在戏院里偶然遇到一位老同学。 ）（9）.A relates B refers C responds D resorts（分数： 0.50 ）A.B.C. VD.解析： 考点 词汇辨析解析 空格处填入的动词应与 to 搭配，并符合文意。由前文的They dont listen to each other（ 他们对对方的话充耳不闻 ）可知，C选项responds符合文意，如：The government responded to pressure and dropped the proposal （ 政府感受到压力之后撤销了那项提议。 ） 原文意为：每个人对对方传达的确切信 息都毫无反应。干扰项分

18、析relate to 和 有关；欣赏，领略”如：I can t relate to that kind of music. （我不能欣赏那种音乐。）refer to 提到，指称；参考”，女口： He often referred to notes while speaking .（他 演讲时常看讲稿。 ）resort to “常去；求助，诉诸”，如： If persuasion won t work ， we may have to resort to force（ 如果说服工作不见效，我们可能只得诉诸武力。）（10）.A like B alike C likely D likewise（分数

19、： 0.50）A. VB.C.D.解析： 考点 词汇辨析，语篇分析 解析 第二段和第三段分别论述了聆听的行为影响交流效果的例子。空格所在短语起过渡作用，表达“类似的，相似的”意思。 A选项like构成的搭配in like fashion 意为“以同样的方式”。 干扰项分析 B 选项 alike 多做表语， 不在名词前做定语， 如： Mymother and I are alike in many ways（ 我 和妈妈有很多相似之处。）；C选项语义与文意不符；D选项likewise 是副词，不能直接修饰名词。均应排 除。（11）.A nominated B selected C appoint

20、ed D supported（分数： 0.50 ）A.B.C. VD.解析： 考点 词汇辨析 解析 空格处的形容词与 elected 并列，一起修饰 officials ，是同时存在或前后相继的关系。 C 选项 appointed 符合文意，即“选举后被指派的官员”。干扰项分析A选项nominated 提名的，推荐的，其动作应发生在elect之前；B选项selected 挑选的”、D选项supported 支持的，拥护的”与 elected（选举的）意思重叠。（12）.A connection B reach C association D touch（分数： 0.50）A.B.C.D. V解

21、析： 考点 词汇辨析解析空格处填入的名词应与out of和with搭配，且符合文意。D选项out of touch with sb .意为和没有联系 / 脱节”，原文的含义是“官员们由于不听选民的意见而与选民失去了联系，不知民众疾苦”，D选项正确。 干扰项分析 B 选项 reach 不能与 with 搭配，常见用法为 sth . is out of reach 或 sth . is out of the reach of sb .，意为“（某人）手不能及，够不到”。A选项connection 和C选项association 均不与outof搭配，A选项用法是in connection with

22、 sb . /sth .与有关/相关”，C选项用法是in associationwith sb . /sth .与一起联合”。（13）.A leading B representing C delegating D supporting（分数： 0.50）A.B. VC.D.解析： 考点 词汇辨析 解析 本题考查通过上下文选择适当的动词的能力。空格处所在部分“ they are”是定语从句，修饰先行词 constituents ，填入的分词形式所表示的是代词 they 即上文的 officials 对 constituents 所做 的动作。 西方国家的政府官员是由选民选举产生， 理论上是选民

23、的代表， 为人们服务， represent 意为“代 表，表现”，所以 B 选项正确。（14）.A legislative B legitimate C legalized D liberal（分数： 0.50 ）A. VB.C.D.解析： 考点 词汇辨析 解析 本题考查通过上下文选择适当的形容词的能力。空格处的形容词与conference 搭配。由下文参议员的讲话等可知，该处意为“立法会议”，A选项legislative立法的，立法机关的正确。干扰项分析B选项legitimate合法的，正统的”；C选项legalized 使合法化的”；D选项liberal 自由主义的，不拘泥的”，显然不合文

24、意。（15）.A distributed B awarded C handed D submitted（分数： 0.50 ）A.B.C. VD.解析： 考点 词汇辨析 解析 空格处填入动词的被动形式，该动作的实际发出者是 a press aide ，直接宾语是 a copy of a press release，间接宾语是Senator Joseph Montoya，含义为“一份新闻稿被新闻助理给参议员”。只有 C选项hand 交给，递给”符合语意。 干扰项分析 由于新闻助理与参议员没有直接的上下级关系， award、submit 分别表示上对下和下对上的 动作，所以B、D选项不正确。又由于文

25、章没有分发新闻稿的语境，所以A选项distribute “分发，分配”也不能用。（16）.A present B publish C deliver D pursue（分数： 0.50 ）A.B.C. VD.解析： 考点 词汇辨析 解析 C 选项 deliver 指口头发表，符合文意。干扰项分析A、B和C选项都能与speech搭配，A选项present放入文中指再度呈现或演示别人 （一般为 名人）的演说；B选项publish指在报刊、杂志等上发表；pursue不与speech搭配。与speech搭配的动词 还有 make， give 。（17）.A to B with C for D on（分

26、数： 0.50）A. VB.C.D.解析： 考点 词语搭配解析介词to的一个搭配是“ to one s+情感名词”用作结果状语，意为“令人（喜、怒、哀、乐）的”。ones既可是形容词性物主代词，也可以是名词所有格。文中to the horror of the press aide意为“使新闻助理大吃一惊的是”。干扰项分析B选项with “同，和”，表伴随；C选项for “为了”，表目的；D选项on “关于， 涉及”，表主题。（18）.A joy B enjoyment C amusement D delight（分数： 0.50）A.B.C. VD.解析： 考点 词汇辨析解析空格处填入的名词与

27、 of the audience搭配，表明听众对参议员这一举动的反应。C选项amusement指 the feeling you have when you think something is funny，文中 to sb s am usement 意为“令某人觉得有趣的是”。干扰项分析A、B、D三个备选项都有“愉快、高兴”的意思，相当于 pleasure。显然均不合文意。（19）.A conclude B to conclude C concluding D concluded（分数： 0.50）A.B.C. VD.解析： 考点 语法知识 解析 空格所在部分和主语谓语 read 都是主语

28、Montoya 发出的动作，空格所在的动作做状语，即“他在 新闻稿的末尾总结到”，能够担任此语法功能的只有现在分词，所以C选项concluding正确，相当于and he concluded with.。（20）.A disrupted B interfered C interrupted D stopped（分数： 0.50 ）A.B.C. VD.解析： 考点 词汇辨析 解析 空格处填入的动词被动式应表达掌声对参议员讲话的影响。A、 C 两选项都有“中断”的意思，但disrupt 意为 to prevent something from continuing in its usual way

29、 by causing problems ，常指不 好事件的发生，如： Traffic was disrupted by floods（ 交通因洪水而中断 ） ，不合文意； interrupt 指 to stop someone from continuing what they are saying or doing by suddenly speaking to them ， making a noise etc ，符合文意。二、Section n Reading Comprehension（总题数：0，分数：0.00）三、Part A （ 总题数：0，分数：0.00）四、Text 1 （

30、 总题数：1，分数： 10.00）Some people talk about immigration in terms of politics, some in terms of history. But the core of the matter is numbers. The Labor Department says that immigrants make up about 15 percent of the work force. Its estimated that a third of those are undocumented workers. The Pew Hispa

31、nic Center estimates that one in four farmhands in the United States is an undocumented immigrant, and that they make up a significant portion of the people who build our houses, clean our office buildings and prepare our food.America has become a nation dependent on the presence of newcomers, both

32、those with green cards and those without. Business leaders say agriculture, construction, meatpacking and other industries would collapse without them.Sure, it would be great if everyone were here legally, if the immigration service werent such a disaster that getting a green card is a lifes work. I

33、t would be great if other nations had economies robust enough to support their citizens so leaving home wasnt the only answer. But at a certain point public policy means dealing not only with how things ought to be but with how they are. Heres how they are: these people work the jobs we dont want, s

34、ometimes two and three jobs at a time. They do it on the cheap, which is tough, so that their children wont have to, which is good. They use services like hospitals and schools, which is a drain on public coffers, and they pay taxes, which contribute to them.Immigration is never about today, always

35、about tomorrow, an exercise in that thing some native-born Americans seem to have lost the knack for: deferred gratification. Its the educated man who arrived in the Washington D. C., area and took a job doing landscaping, then found work as a painter, then was hired to fix up an entire apartment co

36、mplex by someonewho liked his work ethic.He startedhis own business and wound up employing others. Does it matter that he arrived in this country with no work visa if he is now supporting the nations economy?If any towns, whose aging populations were on the wane before the immigrants arrived, succee

37、d in driving newcomers away, those who remain will find themselves surrounded by empty storefronts, deserted restaurants and houses that will not sell. Its the civic equivalent of starving to death because you dont care for the food. But at least everyone involved can tell themselves their town wast

38、ed away while they were speaking English.（分数： 10.00 ）（1）.It is estimated that of US workforce is made up of undocumented immigrants.A 15 percentB one thirdC 4.5 percentD one in four （分数： 2.00 ）A.B.C. VD.解析：本题为推理判断题。根据原文中提到的“ immigrantsmake up about 15 percent of the work force.Its estimated that a t

39、hird of those are undocumented workers ”可以计算得出非法移民占据整个劳 动力数量的4.5%左右。选项D中提到的四分之一是农场劳动力的数据，因此选Co(2) .What is the image of undocumented immigrants in the authors opinion?A illegal and need to be sent back to where theyre from.B essential to the construction of US economy.C encouraged to work illegally

40、in US.D enjoying the public services without contributing to them.(分数： 2.00 )A.B. VC.D.解析：本题为观点态度题。作者对于非法移民的评价一直认为其是美国经济发展所必不可少的要素。选项A的观点在文中作为反面范例进行论证。选项C在文中并未提及。根据“ They use services like hospitalsand schools, which is a drain on public coffers, and they Pay taxes, which contr ibute to them. ”， 美国非

41、法移民同样用自己缴纳的税务来为公共医疗教育体系做出自己的贡献，因此D不正确。故选 B(3) .Accordingto the text, if all the newcomers are driven away from a city, it would be possiblethat A the economy would be more prosperous because of convenience of management.B house lease industry may decline due to lack of customers.C people in the city

42、 may starve to death.D everyone will involve in the process and cheer for it.(分数： 2.00 )A.B. VC.D.解析：本题为推理判断题。根据最后一段的表述，如果城市没有移民的话，需求的减少会令整个地区的经 济停滞不前。选项 A和D与文意不符，选项 C中所提到的starve to death 在文章中只是作为比喻出现， 并不是指真的饿死。根据文中所提至U的“ those who remain will find themselves surrounded by empty storefronts, deserte

43、d restaurants and houses that will not sell”可以推断出房屋租赁业肯定会受到极大冲击，因此选 Bo(4) .In the authors opinion, why do undocumented immigrants straggle for life?A provide services to US citizens.B do those the US citizens dont want to do.C enable their own country be robust enough to support themselves.D make th

44、eir children to be legal citizens of the US.(分数： 2.00 )A.B.C.D. V解析：本题为推理判断题。选项A和B在文中都是作为非法移民所从事的工作种类与性质的描述出现，而并非其目的所在。原文中提到非法移民是由于所在国经济不够繁荣而无法支持其生存，但并没有提到支持其所在国的问题，因此 C不正确。根据“They do it on the cheap, which is tough, so that their childrenwont have to, which is good. ” 可以推断答案D 正确。（5）.The example of

45、the young man in Washington D.C. has shown that A all the illegal immigrants can be successful.B it doesnt matter whether an immigrant is legal if he can contribute to the country.C only educated immigrants can support the development of US economy.D a work visa is necessary for foreigners to get a

46、job in the US. （分数： 2.00 ）A.B. VC.D.解析：本题为观点态度题。作者列举年轻人的例子是为了说明“ Does it matter that he arrived in this country with no work visa if he is no w supporting the nations economy? ”，从一个成功范例说明 是否拥有工作签证对于能否对于美国经济作出贡献并无太大影响。因此选B。五、Text 2 （ 总题数： 1，分数： 10.00）Pretty in pink: adult womendo not remember being s

47、o obsessed with the colour, yet it is pervasive in our young girls lives. It is not that pink is intrinsically bad, but it is such a tiny slice of the rainbow and, though it may celebrate girlhood in one way, it also repeatedly and firmly fuses girls identity to appearance. Then it presents that con

48、nection, even among two-year-olds, between girls as not only innocent but as evidence of innocence. Looking around, l despaired at the singular lack of imagination about girls lives and interests.Girls attraction to pink may seem unavoidable, somehow encoded in their DNA, but according toJo Paoletti

49、, an associate professor of American Studies, it is not. Children were not colour-coded at all until the early 20th century: in the era before domestic washing machines all babies wore white as a practical matter, since the only way of getting clothes clean was to boil them. Whats more, both boys an

50、d girls wore what were thought of as gender-neutral dresses. Whennursery colours were introduced, pink was actually considered the more masculine colour, a pastel version of red, which was associated with strength. Blue, with its intimations of the Virgin Mary, constancy and faithfulness, symbolised

51、 femininity. It was not until the mid-1980s, when amplifying age and sex differences became a dominant childrens marketing strategy, that pink fully Came into its own, when it began to seem inherently attractive to girls, part of what defined them as female, at least for the first few critical years

52、.I had not realised how profoundly marketing trends dictated our perception of what is natural to kins, including our core beliefs about their psychological development. Take the toddler. I assumed that phase was something experts developed after years of research into childrens behaviour: wrong. Tu

53、rns out, according to Daniel Cook, a historian of childhood consumerism, it was popularised as a marketing trick by clothing manufacturers in the 1930s.Trade publications counselled department stores that, in order to increase sales, they should create a third stepping stone between infant wear and

54、older kids clothes. It was only after toddler became a common shoppers term that it evolved into a broadly accepted developmental stage. Splitting kids, or adults, into ever- tinier categories has proved a sure-fire way to boost profits. And one of the easiest ways to segment a market is to magnify

55、gender differences orinvent them where they did not previously exist.（分数： 10.00 ）（1）.By saying it is. the rainbow（Line 2, Para. 1）, the author means pinkA should not be the sole representation of girlhood.B should not be associated with girls innocence.C cannot explain girls lack of imagination.D ca

56、nnot influence girls lives and interests. （分数： 2.00 ）A. VB.C.D.解析：（2）.According to Paragraph 2, which of the following is true of colours?A Colours are encoded in girls DNA.B Blue used to be regarded as the colour for girls.C Pink used to be a neutral colour in symbolising genders.D White is prefere

57、d by babies. （分数： 2.00 ）A.B. VC.D.解析：（3）.The author suggests that our perception of childrens psychological development was much influenced byA the marketing of products for children.B the observation of childrens nature.C researches into childrens behavior.D studies of childhood consumption. （分数： 2

58、.00 ）A. VB.C.D.解析：（4）.We may learn from Paragraph 4 that department stores were advised toA focus on infant wear and older kids clothesB attach equal importance to different gendersC classify consumers into smaller groupsD create some common shoppers terms （分数： 2.00 ）A.B.C. VD.解析：（5）.It can be concl

59、uded that girls attraction to pink seems to beA clearly explained by their inborn tendencyB fully understood by clothing manufacturersC mainly imposed by profit-driven businessmenD well interpreted by psychological experts （分数： 2.00 ）A.B.C. VD.解析： so muchand sold六、Text 3 （ 总题数： 1，分数： 10.00）The simpl

60、e act of surrendering a telephone number to a store clerk may seem innocuous so that many consumers do it with no questions asked. Yet that one action can set in motion a cascade of silent events, as that data point is acquired, analyzed, categorized, stored over and over again. Future attacks on yo

61、ur privacy may come from anywhere, from anyone with money to purchase that phone number you surrendered. If you doubt the multiplier effect, consider your e-mail inbox. If its loaded with spam, its undoubtedly because at some point in time you unknowingly surrendered your e-mail to the wrong Web sit

62、e.Do you think your telephone number or address are handled differently? A cottage industry of small companies with names youve probably never heard of like Acxiom or Merlinbuy and sell yourpersonal information the way other commodities like corn or cattle futures are bartered. You may think your cell phone is unlisted, but if youve ever ordered a pizza, it might not be. Mer