【美联英语】GRE长难句分析六

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1、meten肆英谱两分钟做个小测试，看看你的英语水平http:/m.mete 美联英语提供：GRE长难句分析1、 In large part as a consequeneeof the feminist movement ， historians have focused a great deal of atte nti on in recent years on determ ining more accuratelythe status of women in various periods. ( 3+)在很大程度上，由于女权主义运动(femi ni stmoveme nt )的缘故，史学

2、家近年来汇聚了大量的注意力，来更为准确地确定妇女在各个历史时期的地位。Focus A on B;难句类型：倒装解释：focus A on B 指把 A 集中于 B，本句中介词 on 的宾语 determining/more accurately the status of wome n in various periods中有一个小倒装，正常语序应该是determ ining the status ofwomen in various periods more accurately 。意群训练：In large part as aconsequeneeof the feminist movem

3、ent,historianshave focused a greatdeal of atte nti on in recent years on determ iningmore accurately the status ofwome n in various periods.If one beg ins by exam ining why an cie nts refer to Amaz ons , it becomes clear that an cie nt Greek descripti ons of such societies were meant not so much to

4、represe ntmetenssobserved historical fact -real Amazoniansocieties - but rather to offer “ morallessons ” on the supposed outcome of women s rule in their own society . (4)女口果我们先研究一下为什么古人会提到亚马逊人，下面的一点就变得清晰了，那就是古希腊对于这种社会的庙睡不是太多的被用来表达观察的历史事实真正的亚麻逊社会的而是为了对于妇女在其社会中的统治的预期后果提供一种“道德教导”。难句类型：复杂修饰、插入语、抽象词解释：

5、有两个词汇需要先解释一下：something be meant torepresent 是use something to mean的被动语态。mean 在这里不是常用的 ” 的意思是的意思，而是表示做某事所表达的目的、意图，其英文释义为：to serve or intend toconvey, show, or in dicate。句中的结构为： someth ing be meant not so much to, butrather to,实际上是把be meant to 和not rather的两个固定搭配套在一起，意思是：不是为了而是为了 另外，suppose的意思很抽象，不容易理解

6、。此词既有据信、被认为 的意思，也有预期的意思，还有表示贬义的假想的被想当然的意思。本句的supposed用法极其特殊，在此处的意思，用以上任何一个释义来理解居然都可以成立，既是在说一个预期的社会状态，又是在说一个虚构出来的、本来不存在的社会状态，其用法类似于中文中的一语双关，是文章作者自以为文笔精妙之处。意群训练：If one beginsby examiningwhyan cie ntsrefer to Amaz ons,it becomes clear that ancient Greekdescriptio nsof such societieswere mea ntnot so mu

7、chto represe ntmetenessobserved historical fact- real Amazonian societies- but rather to offermoral less onson the supposed outcomeof wome ns rulein their own society.2. Thus , for instanee , it may come as a shock to mathematicians to learn that theSchrodinger equation for the hydrogen atom is not

8、a literally correct description of this atom , but only an approximation to a somewhat more correct equation taking account of spin, magnetic dipole, and relativistic effects ; and that this correctedequation is itself only an imperfectapproximationto an infinite set of quantumfield-theoretical equa

9、tio ns.(5)因此，举例来说，对数学家而言，了解到下述情形可能会令其惊愕不已，即薛定谔(Schrodi nger )的氢原子方程式并非是对该原子作出的一种 绝然正确的描述，而仅仅是个近似值，趋近于一个在某种程度上更为正确的将自旋、磁性偶极子、以及相对论效应考虑在内的方程式；而这个得以纠正的方程式就其本身而言也只是一个不完美的近似值，趋近于无穷无尽的一整套量子场论方程式。难句类型：复杂修饰、插入语、省略解释：读到此句时，数学家不见得震惊，晕倒的考生恐怕不在少数。不但句子结构复杂，而且罗列了大量的专有名词。对于不是理科的同学来讲，在阅读这篇文章的现场清楚地明白应该读到什么程度远比研究这些生僻

10、的专有名词更重要。其实是否知道薛定鄂方程对读者来说并不见得重要，GRE考试的出题者也不见得知道它；关键是要读懂句子的主要意思；数学家不能理解不精确和近似值的伟大意义。不过在本书中，出现的句子均以阅读meteness训练为目的，所以读者仍要把句子的结构读清楚。主句中的主语it是一个开工主语，其具体的内容应该是从 to learn开始一直到句子结束的长达八行的不定式，但是此不定式实 在太长，如果放在句首则句子无法平衡。Learn后面带着两个以that引导的宾语从句，中间以分号和and分开，可以把分号以后的句子看成是and it may come as a shock tomathematician

11、sto learn that 的省略形式。意群训练： Thus, for instanee,it maycome as a shock tomathematiians to learnthat the Schrodingerequationfor the hydroge n atomis not a literallycorrect descripti onof this atom, butonly an approximatio n toa somewhat more correct equati ontaking acco unt ofspin, magnetic dipole,and r

12、elativistic effects; andthat thiscorrectedequatio nis itself only an imperfect approximation toan infiniteset ofqua ntumfield-theoretical equati ons.4. The physicist rightly dreads precise argument，since an argumentthat isconvincing only if it is precise loses all its force if the assumptions on whi

13、ch it isthoughbased are slightlychanged ， whereas an argumentthat is convincingimprecise may well be stableun dersmallperturbati onsof its un derly ingassumptio ns.（ 5+）物理学家恐惧于那些精确无误的论据不无道理，因为某种只有在它是精确无误的条件下才令人置信的论据，一旦它赖于建立其上的假设稍有变化，便会失去ww.meten,commeterues它一部的作用；而与此相反，一个尽管并不精确无误但却令人置信的论据，在其基本假设(und

14、erlying assumption)稍微受干扰的情况下， 仍然有可能是站得住脚的。难句类型：复杂修饰 解释：本句在文章中就是一个自然段，虽然长度比不上前面第一章中所举的那个长达10行的例子，但是难度绝不在那句话之下。本句堪称句子的大杂绘，连主句带从句居 然一共有八个。从大往小说，由whereas连接了两个大句子，whereas后面的句子中的主语 an augument之后又跟了一个定语从句that is convincing though imprecise，修饰augume nt 。whereas 前面共有六个句子，由 the physicist作主语的主句；由 si nee 引导的原因状

15、语从句，修饰 since从句中主语an augument 的由that引导的定语从句，此定语从句中的条件状语从句only if itis precise; since 从句中的条件状语从句if the assumptionson which it is based areslightly changed,以及修饰此从句中的主语assumptions的定语从句 on which it isbased 一共八个句子，从句套从句，实在令人叹为观止。然而，在考试现场去数句子的数目，是只有呆子才会干的事，读者们惟一要干的事就是反复阅读这句话，什么时候练到不必去想其语法结构就能按原文顺序读懂，才算初步掌握

16、；再进一步把它读顺，直到你看不出这个句子有什么特别的地方，看上去还挺舒服就算训练成功。意群训练：The physicistrightly dreads precise argume nt,since an argume nt that is convincing only if iton which it is based areis precise loses all its force if the assumptionsslightlychanged,whereas an argumentthat is convincing though imprecisemay well be sta

17、ble un der small perturbatio nsof its un derly ing assumpti ons.5. However , as they gainedcohesion , the Bluestockingscame to regardthemselves as a women s group and to possess a sense of female solidarity lackingin the salonnieres, who remained isolated from one another by the primacy eachheld in

18、her own salon.(4-)起初，蓝袜女们确实模仿了法国沙龙女主人，将男性襄括到其小圈子中来。然则，随着她们获得的凝聚力，她们渐趋将自己视作一女性团体，并拥有了一种妇女团结意识，而这种意识在法国沙龙女主人身上则荡然无存，因为她们每个人在其自己的沙龙中自视甚高而彼此孤立隔绝开来。难句类型：复杂修饰解释：本句读到表示并列的连词and开始变难。and之后的不定式与前面的不定式是并列的，to的前面省略了一个与前面一样的谓语came 。 lacking 之后的分词作定语修饰a sense of femalesolidarity 其后的由who引导的定语从句又修饰逗号前面的salonnieres

19、此从句中又有一个定语从句 that each sal onniere held in her own sal on修饰其前的 primacy, 但是由于弓丨导词that在从句中作宾语，因此被省略。意群训练：However,as they gained cohesion,the Bluestockingcame to regard themselves as a womens group and topossess a sense of female solidaritylack ing in the sal onni eres,who rema inedisolated from one ano therby the primacyeach held in her own sal on.meten类联英语