八年级下册英语语法笔记讲课稿

《八年级下册英语语法笔记讲课稿》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《八年级下册英语语法笔记讲课稿（21页珍藏版）》请在装配图网上搜索。

1、精品文档八年级下册英语语法笔记Unit 1 语法本单元主要学习将来时态的表达1将来时态：表示将要在将来的时间里发生的动作。 主要的时间状语有 in the future , tomorrow，the day after tomorrow, next day(month, year), in +段时间表示的将来时间，如： in ten years, in twoweeks 等.将来时的肯定构成：主语+will+V 原 +其他I will go to Beijing tomorrow.将来时的否定构成：主语+will+not (wont )+V原+其他I won t go to Beijing t

2、omorrow.将来时的疑问构成： Will + 主语 +V 原+其他？ Will you go to Beijing tomorrow?Yes, I will. No, I won t.在英语中也可以用另外一种句子表示将来时肯定构成：主语 +be going to + V 原+其他 . I am going to Beijing tomorrow.否定构成：主语 +be going to + V 原+其他 . I am not going to Beijing tomorrow.疑问构成： Be+主语 + going to + V 原 +其他 ?Are you going to Beijin

3、g?Yes, I amNo, I am not.两者的区别主要是： 1）be going to 表示有某种暗示Eg:It is going to rain.(通过看天气或云而判断出来的。)2）be going to 有计划性，有某种打算I am going to be a teacher.除了以上之外， will和 be going to 可以通用。2There be 句型表示 “有 ”，have 也表示 “有”， 那么 “将要有 ”的表达如下： There is going to bethere will be主语（必须是人做主语）+will have主语（必须是人做主语）+ be goin

4、g to haveThere is going to be a sports meeting next week.= There will be a sports meeting next week.I will have a new toy car. = I am going to have a toy car.没有 there is going to have , there will have 的表达。3.不定代词：表示没有具体指代的人或物。表示物的不定代词everything, something, anything, nothing不定代词表示人的不定代词everybody(ever

5、yone),somebody(some one),anybody(any one),nobody(no one)注意：所有的不定代词没有复数形式，只有单数形式。Everyone stays (stay) at home.4.a little, little, a few, few 的区别及用法a little一点a few后面必须加不可数名词后面必须加不可数名词little几乎没有a littleeg: He is new, so he has few friends.eg: I am so thirsty, but there is little water in the glass.lit

6、tle less leastfewfewerfewest5.free自由的 adjI will be free tomorrow.免费的adjEverything is free, you needn t take money.n. freedom自由6.polution 污染 n.（不可数名词） There is much pollution in the city.7. agree : v 同意agree with sb. 同意某人I agree with you.精品文档精品文档agree disagree= don t agree在 Section A 中必须掌握的短语 there w

7、ill be 将要有 in people s homes在人们的家里 study at home on computers 在家通过电脑学习be free 免费 live to be 活到 in 100 years 一百年以后 less pollution 更少的污染 big and crowded 大而拥挤 more tall buildings 更多的高大建筑物8alone, lonelyalone, 独自一人强调一个人lonely, 孤独的；寂寞的强调内心的孤独，寂寞I live alone, but I don t feel lonely.9. keep:v. 饲养I like kee

8、ping pets.v.使某人keep(sb.) doing sthI keep him waiting.保持keep sth + adjPlease keep the room clean.Keep quiet.10. can / be able to 区别共同点：含义相同能够不同点：can是情态动词，只有一般现在时态和过去时态be able to 可用于各种时态， be 动词随主语的不同要做相应的变化。He can play soccer.= He is able to play soccer.11. need: 双重身份的动词1）情态动词 +V 原I need a new bike.2）

9、 行为动词need to do sthI need to buy a new bike.12. Predicting the future can be difficult. Predicting 在这里是动名词做主语。动名词虽然是名词，但是也具有动词性质，表示动作，但是名词就没有动作性质。predictv预测n. predictionn. 预测，预言13 One of + 名词复数 +动词单数 +其他 .的之一He is one of the best students.他是最好的学生之一。14 be used by 被用于 . The bike is used by riding.15 s

10、ee sb doing sth看见某人正在做某事I see him playing soccer.see sb do sth看见某人做了某事I saw him play soccer.在 Section B 中必须掌握的短语 fell in love with 爱上 as a reporter 作为一个记者 living alone 独自一人居住on the weekend 在周末 one day 一天 World Cup 世界杯 for fun 为了娱乐from now 从现在 work for sb 为某人工作 job interview 工作面试 fly to 飞向 come true

11、实现16. help: help sb do sth =help sb with doing sth =help sb with sthHe helps me clean the room.=He helps me with cleaning the room.17. such so 表示 “如此 ”时的区别such aan + adj. + 单数名词He is such a clever boy.so +adj.+aan +单数名词= He is so clever a boy.18.trytry to do sth努力做某事I try to listen him carefully.try

12、 doing尝试做某事try one s best to do尽sth某人最大努力做某事I try my best to help her.我尽我最大努力帮助她。19 the same.as同一样He has the same pen as me.(注意 same前面的 the 永远不可以丢掉。 )20 makev make sb do sth使某人做某事Playing games make me be happy.make sb +adj使某人 .= Playing games make me happy.21.It is +adj for sb. to do sth.对于某人来说做某事是a

13、dj.精品文档精品文档It is important for us to be healthy.It is easy for a child to wake up.22.seem: v. 似乎1） seem to do sthHe seems to be wrong.2)It seems(seemed) that +It seems. that he is wrong.23. over and over again 再三地 They do simple jobs over and over again. Unit2 语法本单元主要学习表示建议的句子1should 情态动词肯定形式：主语 +sh

14、ould +动词原形否定形式：主语 +should +not+动词原形疑问形式： Should +主语 +动词原形？Yes, 主语 +should. No, 主语 +shouldn t.2. want: want to do sth.want sb.to do sthwant +n.3.enough:adj.足够的 enough+n.或 n.+enough I have enough money.= I have money enough.adv.足够地 adj.+ enough(切记 enough 修饰形容词只能放在后面)He is old enough.enough +n. to do s

15、th /adj+enough to do sthEg:I have enough books to read.He is old enough to go to school.4.argue v. 争吵argue with sb.和某人争吵He always argues with his friends.argue about sth争吵某事They are arguing about the math test.n. argumentThey had a big argument.5. out of style过时的= old-fashionedMy clothes are out of

16、style.不过时的in style6. What s wrong?怎么了？ =What s the matter?=What s the trouble?7. write him a letter 给他写一封信= write a letter to him8. call sb up 给某人打电话Please call me up when you are free.call sb at+电话号码Please call her at 88171858.9. give him a ticket to a ball game 给他一张球赛的票注意这里的介词用to, 类似的搭配还有 :the ans

17、wer to the question, the key to the door.10.surprise: n.惊讶to one s surprise使某人惊讶的是To my surprise ,he passed the math test.in surprise惊讶地He looked at me in surprise.v.surprise at sth 对 感到惊讶He surprised at the toy car.surprise sb使某人惊讶I don t want to surprise him.adj.surprising(主语是物 ) / surprised （主语是人

18、）11 talk about sth谈论某事talk towith sb.和某人谈话12. 1)pay for 支付；花费（金钱）主语必须是人spend .(in) doing sth2)spend:花费（时间或金钱）主语必须是人spend.on sth3)cost: 花费（时间或金钱）主语必须是物4)take: 花费（时间或金钱）只能用 it 做主语，公式是： It takes(took) sb. some time(money) to do sth.用口诀记住四个表示 “花费 ”的单词：2 人 1 物 1 it. I paid ten yuan for the book. I spent

19、ten yuan in buying the book. I spent ten yuan on the book 我花 10 元钱买了这本书。 The book cost me ten yuan. It took me ten yuan to buy the book.精品文档精品文档13.borrow sth.from sb. 从某人借某物（强调主语向里面借）He borrowed the book from his friend.lend sth to sb.向某人借某物（强调主语向外面借）He lended the book to his friend.14. either: 也，放在

20、否定句的末尾，用逗号隔开。He doesn t have any money, either.任一的，当 either 做主语时动词要用单数形式。Either of the answer is right.15.ask:1) 要ask sb. for sth 向.某人要某物He asked his parents for the money.2）问ask the questions 问问题ask the teacher问老师ask sb about sth 问某人关于某事He asked me some questions about the vacation.3）让ask sb to do

21、sth让某人做某事He asks me to clean the room.ask sb not to do sth让某人不做某事He asks me not to clean the room.16. buy sb sth=buy sth for sb给某人买东西（注意介词是for 不是 to）He bought me a gift.= He bought a gift to me.在 Section A 中必须掌握的短语：1）want me to stay at home 想要我呆在家里 2）playtoo loud 放 太大声3）argue with sb 同某人争吵 4) out of

22、 style过时 5） write him a letter 给他写一封信6）call sb up 给某人打电话 7）go to his house 去他的家8）give him a ticket to a ball game给他一张球赛的票9）talk about it on the phone 通过电话谈论它10）pay for 支付11） part/full-time job 兼职 /全职工作12） ask for要 .13）get a tutor to come to his home. 找一个家教来他的家17 than 是比较级的标志，请参考8 上 U6.He is taller t

23、han me.(tall)18. tell: 告诉 tell sb about sth告诉某人关于某物He told me about the Chinese history.tell sb to do sth告诉某人做某事He told me to clean the classroom.tell sb not to do sth告诉某人不要做某事He told me not to clean the classroom.19 invite: v.邀请 invite sb to do sth邀请某人做某事He invited me to join the English club.n. 邀请

24、invitationI received his invitation.20.excetp :除了I have read all the story book that you lended to me except this one.21.I don t knowwhat I should do.宾语从句主语谓语宾语从句注意：当主句的主语 (宾语 )和宾语从句的主语相同时可以改写为简单句：I don t know what to do. （将宾语从句变为： 特殊疑问词 + 动词不定式就变成简单句） Eg:1) Please tell me when I should leave.= Plea

25、se tell me when to leave.2） I don t know how I go to Shanghai.= I don t know how to go to Shanghai.22. leave : leave离开I will leave for Beijing tomorrow.留下 忘记I left the book at homework.当 leave 表示忘记时不同于 forget.leave 表示忘记的是东西， forget 表示忘记的是事情。Eg: I leave the keys in the car.I forgot to lock the door.2

26、3. be angry with sb 和某人生气I am angry with my best friend.be angry at sth和某事生气I am angry at my math test.24.fight v fight with sb和某人打架n. have a fight with sb. 和某人打架精品文档精品文档I always fight with my sister.= I always have a fight with my sister.25. get on相处get on with sb.和某人相处get on well with sb.和某人相处融洽26

27、. Could you please do sth? 注意： please 后面的动词要用原形。Could you please give me some water?27. advice : 建议 不可数名词Please give me some advice.在 Section B 及阅读中必须掌握的短语：1)in style时尚 2） find out发现 3）the same age as me和我一样的年纪4）get on well相处融洽 5） have a fight with sb 和某人打架 6） talk about 谈论7）say to sb对某人说.8）angry wi

28、th me 和某人 9） as much as possible尽可能10) complain about 抱怨11)take part in参加 12）know about 了解 13） comparewith 比较14） on the one hand.on the other hand一方面.在另一方面Unit 3 语法本单元主要学习过去进行时的表达1过去进行时态：表示在过去的时间里正在发生的动作。过去进行时的时间状语： at 7 o clock yesterday,由 when 或 while 引导的时间状语。过去进行时的肯定构成：主语 + waswere+ Ving +其他 .否定构

29、成：主语 +waswere+not+Ving+其他疑问构成： WereWas +主语 +Ving+ 其他？Yes, 主语 +waswere. No, 主语 +wasntweren t.2when 和 while 都可以引导时间状语用在过去进行时态的句子，两者的区别是：1) when +过去时，主句 +过去进行时。Eg: When the UFO landed, I was reading the book.当不明飞行物着陆时，我正在读书。When 翻译为 “当 时候 ”表示在 landed 的瞬间 ,另一个动作 reading 正在进行。上面的句子 =I was reading when th

30、e UFO landed. 我正在读书，正在这时，UFO 着陆了。这里 when 翻译为正在这时，表示在 reading 时，另一个动作发生 While + 过去进行时，主句 +过去时。While I was reading , the UFO landed.while 翻译为正在这时，表示在reading 时，另一个动作发生 .2)when 既可以接延续性动词，也可以接非延续性动词。while 只能接延续性动词。I was reading when the UFO landed.= I was reading while the UFO landed.3. arrive in +大地点 ar

31、rive at +小地点get to +地点到达某地reach+地点4follow sb.to do sth. 跟着某人做某事I follow him to enter the classroom.follow sb around到处跟着某人Please don t follow me around.在 Section A 必须掌握的短语：1)sleep late 睡懒觉 2）get out of从 出来 3) talk on the phone 通过电话谈4）cut hair 剪头发 5） Museum of Flight 飞行博物馆 6）go into a store进入一个商店7）wal

32、k down沿着 走 8） take off起飞 9）unusual experience 不寻常的经历10) land right正好着陆5shout at sb 对某人大喊Dont shout at me.表示不礼貌的喊叫精品文档精品文档shout to sb对某人大喊表示希望对方听见而大喊I shout to the drive, but the drive cant hear.6. in the tree 在树上（外来的用in） The cat is in the tree.on the tree 在树上（外来的用on） Leave are on the tree.7. think a

33、bout 考虑think about doing sth 考虑做某事He thought about going to Canada.8. say to sb对某人说He said to me that he was wrong.在 Section B 及阅读中必须掌握的短语：1）take a photo 照相 2）walk to school 走向学校 3）get out of 从 出来 4）run away 跑开 5）think about 考虑 .6）in silence 沉默 7） take place 发生 8）all over the world 全世界 Unit 4 语法本单元主

34、要学习直接引语和间接引语1.我们把引述别人的话语可归纳为两种方式：直接引语和间接引语直接引述别人的话语，并置于引号之内的句子称为直接引语。用自己的语言转述别人的话语，称为间接引语，间接一般构成宾语从句。 . Eg:The teacher asked, “ Do you like English?老师问：“你喜欢英语吗？ ”（直接引语）The girl said that she liked English very much. 女孩说她非常喜欢英语。（间接引语）2.直接引语变间接引语的变化形式基本形式是：人称变，时态变，时间状语变。人称变口诀： 1 随主， 2 看宾， 3 不变时态变：引述动词

35、如果用一般现在时或一般将来时，间接引语的时态不变。引述动词如果用一般过去时，间接引语的时态要变成相应的过去时态的一种。时态具体变化如下：一般现在时 一般过去时一般过去时 过去完成时现在进行时 过去进行时现在完成时 过去完成时一般将来时 过去将来时过去进行时 不变cancould时间状语的变化now thenlast month the month beforetoday thatdaythree days ago three days beforetonight thanighttomorrow the next daythis week that weeknext month the nex

36、t monthyesterday the day beforethe day after tomorrow in two days3.注意如果出项以下词也要有相应的变化：地点状语的变化here there指示代词的变化this that these those谓语动词的变化come go4.直接引语变为间接引语的情况1). 直接引语为陈述句(1) 将直接引语变为由 that 引导的宾语从句，接在谓语动词之后 (that 可以省略。 )例如： He said,“I forgot to call you yesterday.” He said that he had forgotten to ca

37、ll me the day before.他说她前一天忘记给我打电话了。(2) 如果引述动词是 say to sb.,则通常改为 tell sb. sth. 结构。例如： He said to me, “ Your bike is broken她对.我说：” “你的自行车坏了。 ” He told me that my bike was broken. 他对我说我的自行车坏了。2). 直接引语为一般疑问句精品文档精品文档直接引语为一般疑问句， 将直接引语变为由if /whether+陈述句引导的宾语从句， 句中时态、 人称、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要做相应的变化。若直接引语的引述动词为

38、say ，应改为 ask. 例如：Mary asked me,“ Is Helen from the United States?玛丽问我，”“凯伦时美国人吗？ ” Mary asked me whether/if Helen was from the United States. 玛丽问我海伦是否时美国人。3).直接引语为特殊疑问句直接引语为特殊疑问句，将直接引语变为由特殊疑问句+陈述语序的宾语从句。例如：John asked me,here“W does ZhouXun come from? ” John asked me where Zhou Xun came from.约翰问我周迅时哪

39、儿的人。4).直接引语如果是祈使句其结构是：肯定句：askordertell sb. to do sth.否定句： askordertell sb. not to do sth.He said:“ Open the doorHe. asked me to open the door.He said:“ Don t open the door.” He asked me not to open the door.5).如果直接引语是客观事实：不变He said:“ The sun is bigger than the moon.”He said the sun is bigger than th

40、e moon.在 Section A 必须掌握的短语：1)happen on sth 在某事上发生 2）have a surprise party 有一个惊喜的晚会 3）on Friday night 在周五的晚上4）come to my house to study 来我家学习 5）be mad at sb=be angry with sb 对某人生气 6）first of all 首先7）pass on the passage传递信息 8）be supposed to do sth应该做某事本单元涉及到的语法：1be good at =do well in 在某方面擅长Eg: I am g

41、ood at English.=I do well in English.be better at= do better in2.be sorry to do sth 抱歉，遗憾做某事I am sorry to hear you are ill.3.finish: v. finish doing sth完成做某事He finished reading the English book.4.surprise: vbe surprised to do sth 很惊讶做某事I am surprised to hear the good news.be surprised at sth在某事上惊讶n.

42、 to one s surprise使某人惊讶的是To my surprise ,he passed the math test.adj. surprised主语是人surprising 主语是物5.be mad at sb = be angry with sb和某人生气Don t be mad atme. 不要和我生气。在 Section B 和阅读中必须掌握的短语：1）end-of-year exam 期末考试 2） report card 成绩单 3）get nervous 紧张 4） have a big fight 打架5）copy my homework 抄袭我的作业 6）be s

43、ure 确信 7） get over it 克服它8）sound like fun 听起来好 9) one sown sth某人自己的东西10） open up one s eyes to the outside打开外面的视野6.be sorry to do sth很抱歉，遗憾做某事I am sorry to hear you have a cold.Unit5 语法本单元学习条件状语从句1.条件状语从句：结构：If+ 一般现在时态，将来时态或 将来时态 +if+ 一般现在时。精品文档精品文档If it doesn t rain, I will go shopping.=I will go s

44、hopping if it doesn t rain2.happen: 1)当“发生 ”含义时主语只能是物，不能是人。This happened in 1988.2)表示某人发生了什么事用happen to sbA car accident happened to LiMing.3) happen是不及物动词London happened this story. 错()This story happened in London.(对)4）当表示 “碰巧 ”的含义时，主语可以是人。公式是 Sb happenshappened to do sth 主语碰巧做某事happened thatEg:He

45、 happened to meet his old friends.= It happened that he met his friends.3.help: v.1) help sb do sth 帮助某人做某事He helped me study better.2) help sb with sth在某方面帮助某人He helped me with math.3) help sb with doing sthHe helped me with studying math.4) can t help doing sth禁不住做某事He can t help crying.n. 不可数I ne

46、ed your help.4. When is a good time to do sth? 什么时候是做某事的好时间?When is a good time to have a party?5. the rules for的规定I want you to remember the rules for school parties.6. let sb in让某人进入Let sb out让某人出去If you do that , the teacher won t let you in.7. ask: ask sb to do sth 让某人做某事The teachers will ask th

47、em to leave.ask sb not to do sth 让某人不做某事The teacher will ask them not to leave.8. havehas to do sth 不得不做某事I have to finish the work.9. Me too. 我也是 . 也可以用So+助动词 / 情态动词 / be 动词 +主语也是表达某人也如此的含义Eg： Tom studies well, so did LiMing.Tom 学习好，李明也如此。She will fly to Shanghai, so will my teacher.Mary is a good

48、girl, so is Jenny.10.Why not do sth? 为什么不做某事？Why not have lunch?为什么不吃午餐呢？一定是动词原形在 Section A 必须掌握的短语：1) have a great/good/nice/wonderful time 玩得高兴=have fun = enjoy oneself2) at the party在晚会上3) end of year party 年终晚会4） takeaway 拿走，取走5）all the time=always一直，始终，总是6） ID card 身份证7）the rules for .的规定8）the

49、old people s home老年之家11.be able to do sth 能够做某事I am able to make a kite.12.make a living( by) doing sth通过某种方式谋生He makes a living by sell the newspaper. 他通过卖报纸谋生。13.get be injured受伤I fall down from the tree, I was injured.14.decide: decide to do sth= make up ones mind to do sth= make a decision to do

50、 sthdecide on sth在 Section B 必须掌握的短语：1） make money 赚钱 2）round the world = all over the world 全世界，世界各地3） go to college上大学 4） work hard 努力工作（学习）5）a professional athlete 职业运动员6） a dream job 理想的职业7）make a living谋生 8）play sports 进行体育运动= get/do exercise9）get injured 受伤 10）in fact事实上，实际上11）mobile phone 移动电

51、话精品文档精品文档12） too much 太多 13）laugh at 嘲笑，因 而发笑 Unit6 语法本单元主要学习现在完成进行时1. 现在完成进行：表示现在以前这一段时间里一直在进行的动作，这动作可能仍在进行，也可能已停止。其肯定结构是：主语 +havehas been doing sth否定结构是：主语 +havehas +not+been doing sth疑问结构是： HaveHas +主语 +been doing sth?Yes, 主语 +havehas.No，主语 +havehas+not.如： It has been raining since last Sunday.自上

52、周星期日以来就一直在下雨。He s been watching television all day他.看了一天电视了。在 Section A 必须掌握的短语：1）how long多长，多久 2）a skating marathon 滑冰马拉松3）a pair of一双，一副 ,一把，一条4）raise money （for charity ） （为慈善机构）募捐，筹钱5）the whole five hours 整整五个小时6）three and a half years 三年半 = three years and a half在 Section B 和阅读中必须掌握的短语：1）thanks

53、 for因而表示感谢 2）run out of 用完，用尽3）by the way顺便说一下，顺便问一下 4）in Russian style 以俄罗斯的风格5）fly kites放风筝6） a talent show 才艺表演 7） finish doing sth. 结束做某事8）be interested in对 感兴趣 9）Chinese dynasty 中国的王朝 10）famous characters 著名人物11） think of考虑，想起 12） in Russian style 俄罗斯的风格13） . tell sb. about sth. 把 的情况告诉某人14）. e

54、njoy doing sth. 喜爱做某事15） . the Olympic Games 奥运会 = the Olympics 16） far away 在远处 Unit7 语法本单元学习表示委婉句子的表达1.Would you mind doing sth?你介意做 ?否定： Would you mind not doing sth?= Could you please do sth?否定： Could you please not do sth?其答语通常是：Sorry, Ioll itd right now. No, not at all. 等.注意不用 yes 回答。在 Section

55、 A 必须掌握的短语：1）turn down (音量 )放小，（光线）调暗turn up(音量 )放大，（光线）调亮turn on打开（开关、按钮）turn off关（开关、按钮）2） not at all一点也不3）right away = in a minute立刻，马上4）do/wash the dishes 洗碗 5）put on穿上（动作）6）help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事7）make posters 制作海报2.try: 1）try to do sth 努力做某事try not to do sth2）try doing sth 尝试做某事3）try ones

56、best to do sth 尽某人最大努力做某事3.the way to +地点通向的路Can you tell me the way to the hospital?在 SectionB 和阅读中必须掌握的短语：1）have a long telephone conversation 煲电话粥2）wait in line排队 3） cut in line插队4）follow sb. around跟在某人周围5） get mad = get annoy = get angry 生气，感到恼火6）try (not) to do sth.尽力（不去）做某事7）seem like 看上去像8）ev

57、en if/though尽管、即使9） take care = be careful 小心 10） in public places 在公众场合精品文档精品文档11） in public公开地，当众地12）break the rule不遵守规则13）put out熄灭14） pick up捡起、拾起Unit8 语法本单元学习表示建议的句子1. Why don t you do sth?= Why not do sth?= WhatHow about +doing sth? Eg: Why don t you give your mother a scarf?Why not give your

58、mother a scarf?How What about giving your mother a scarf?2.too: too 放在句子中修饰形容词表示“太”Eg ： He is too thin.too 放在句子末尾表示“也” 。 Nice to meet you , too.3. enough:1) 修饰名词放前放后均可enough money money enough2)修饰形容词放在后面He is old enough.3) adj/adv.+enough to do sthHe is old enough to go to school.4) enough+n. to do sthI have enough time to do homework.4. get sb sth=get sth for sb. get= buyHe gets me a scarf.= He get a scarf for me .在 Section A.B 和阅读中必须掌握的短语：1)photo album 相册 2） leave school 毕业离校3） take care of = look after 照顾，照看4）tooto 太 而不能5）thes